Biomedical subjects

T Murakami

Publications and source records attributed to T Murakami.

At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources

PubMed1997

First-pass metabolism of ONO-5046 (N-[2-[4-(2,2-dimethylpropionyloxy) phenylsulfonylamino]benzoyl]aminoacetic acid), a novel elastase inhibitor, in rats.

The first-pass metabolism in the intestine and liver of ONO-5046 (N-[2-[4-(2,2-dimethylpropionyloxy)-phenylsulfonylamino]benz oyl]aminoacetic acid), a newly synthesized elastase inhibitor, was separately estimated in rats. When ONO-5046 solution was administered into the whole intestine via the bile duct at a dose of 5 mumol/rat, the extent of bioavailability was only 1.5%. A small but significant increase in the bioavailability with an increase in the dose suggested marked first-pass metabolism with a saturable process. Hepatic first-pass metabolism was estimated by determining the hepatic extraction ratio of ONO-5046 after administration into the portal vein at two different infusion rates (5 mumol/kg/9 min or 5 mumol/kg/20s). The extraction ratio was relatively small and constant (about 20%) under 2 different infusion rates of the drug. Intestinal first-pass metabolism was estimated by determining the drug recovery in the mesenteric plasma after administering the drug into the intestinal loop in situ (mesenteric blood collecting method in situ). The recovery percentage of ONO-5046 in the mesenteric plasma was small (2.58 +/- 0.04% at a dose of 1 mumol/rat), and the remaining ONO-5046 recovered in the mesenteric plasma and in the intestinal loop was a metabolite of ONO-5046 (El-601, N-[2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfonylamino]benzoyl]amino-acetic acid). Recovery percentage of ONO-5046 in the mesenteric plasma increased significantly with an increase in the dose, although the recovery percentage was still low, even at a higher dose (9.55 +/- 1.17% of dose at a dose of 5 mumol/rat). These results indicate that the low oral bioavailability of ONO-5046 in vivo is mainly due to the marked intestinal first-pass metabolism, including the metabolism in the intestinal fluid, and the dose-dependent oral bioavailability was derived from the saturable intestinal first-pass metabolism.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Inhibitory mechanisms of oleanolic acid 3-O-monodesmosides on glucose absorption in rats.

We examined the action mechanism of oleanolic acid 3-O-monodesmoside, momordin Ic (1), and oleanolic acid 3-O-glucuronide (2) for the inhibitory effect on the increase in serum glucose levels in oral glucose-loaded rats. Although 1 and 2 dose-dependently inhibited the increase in serum glucose levels in oral glucose-loaded rats, these compounds showed no significant effects on serum glucose levels in normal rats, intraperitoneal glucose-loaded rats, and alloxane-induced diabetic mice. Furthermore, 1 and 2 were found to suppress gastric emptying in rats, and also to inhibit the glucose uptake in rat small intestine concentration dependently in vitro. These results indicate that 1 and 2 given orally have neither insulin-like activity nor insulin releasing-activity. 1 and 2 apparently inhibited glucose absorption by suppressing the transfer of glucose from the stomach to the small intestine and by inhibiting the glucose transport system at the small intestinal brush border.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Bioactive saponins and glycosides. VIII. Notoginseng (1): new dammarane-type triterpene oligoglycosides, notoginsenosides-A, -B, -C, and -D, from the dried root of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen.

The glycosidic fraction from the dried roots of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen was found to show protective effect on liver injury induced by D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide. From the glycosidic fraction with hepatoprotective effect, nine new dammarane-type triterpene oligoglycosides, notoginsenosides-A, -B, -C, -D, -E, -G, -H, -I, and -J and an acetylenic fatty acid glycoside, notoginsenic acid beta-sophoroside, were isolated together with fourteen known dammarane-type triterpene oligoglycosides. The structures of notoginsenosides-A, -B, -C and -D were determined on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence, which included the chemical correlation with ginsenoside-Rb1 using photosensitized oxygenation, as follows: notoginsenoside A; 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-20-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl] 3 beta, 12 beta,20(S),25-tetrahydroxydammar -23-ene; B; 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-20-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->6)-beta-D- glucopyranosyl] 3 beta, 12 beta,20(S)-trihydroxydammar-25-en-24-one, C; 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-20-O-[beta-D -glucopyranosyl (1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl] 3 beta,12 beta,20(S)- trihydroxy-24 zeta-hydroperoxydammar-25-ene, and D; 3-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-20-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]20(S)-protopanaxadiol, respectively.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Bioactive saponins and glycosides. X. On the constituents of zizyphi spinosi semen, the seeds of Zizyphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa Hu (1): structures and histamine release-inhibitory effect of jujubosides A1 and C and acetyljujuboside B.

New dammarane-type triterpene oligoglycosides, jujubosides A1 and C and acetyljujuboside B1 were isolated from Zizyphi Spinosi Semen, the seeds of Zizyphus jujuba MILL. var. spinosa Hu, together-with three known saponins. The structures of jujubosides A1 and C and acetyljujuboside B were determined on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. Jujubosides A1 and C and acetyljujuboside B were found to inhibit the histamine release from rat peritoneal exudate cells induced by antigen-antibody-reaction.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Medicinal foodstuffs. VII. On the saponin constituents with glucose and alcohol absorption-inhibitory activity from a food garnish "Tonburi", the fruit of Japanese Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad.: structures of scoparianosides A, B, and C.

The methanolic extract of a food garnish "Tonburi", the fruit of Japanese kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. (Chenopodiaceae), was found to inhibit the increase in serum glucose-loaded rats. Through bioassay-guided separation, momordin Ic and its 2'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside were isolated as the active principles from this medicinal foodstuff together with three new saponins named scoparianosides A, B, and C. The structures of scoparianosides A, B, and C were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence as 3 beta, 22 alpha-dihydroxyolean-12en-28-oic acid (22 alpha-hydroxyoleanolic acid), 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1 --> 3)-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid, 3 beta-hydroxyolean -18-en-28-oic acid (morolic acid), 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1 --> 3)-beta-D -glucopyranosiduronic acid, and 3 beta-hydroxyolean-13(18)-en-28-oic acid, 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranoxyl(1 --> 3) -beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid. Momordin Ic and its 2'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, both of which are the principal saponin constituents of this medicinal foodstuffs, were found to potently inhibit glucose and ethanol absorption in rats.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Bioactive constituents of Chinese natural medicines. IV. Rhodiolae radix. (2).: On the histamine release inhibitors from the underground part of Rhodiola sacra (Prain ex Hamet) S. H. Fu (Crassulaceae): chemical structures of rhodiocyanoside D and sacranosides A and B.

The methanolic extract of the underground part of Rhodiola sacra (PRAIN ex HAMET) S. H. Fu was found to show inhibitory activity on the histamine release from rat peritoneal exudate cells induced by an antigen-antibody reaction. From the methanolic extract with the inhibitory activity on histamine release, a new cyanoglycoside called rhodiocyanoside D and two new monoterpene glycosides called sacranosides A and B were isolated, together with eight known compounds, rhodiocyanoside A, heterodendrin, lotaustralin, rhodioloside, 2-phenylethyl alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, 2-methyl-3-buten-2-yl beta-D-glucopyranoside, kenposide A, and rhodiooctanoside. The structures of new compounds were determined on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence, which included the synthesis of sacranoside A from (-)-myrtenol. All major chemical constituents from R. sacra inhibited the histamine release and, among them, lotaustralin and rhodiooctanoside were found to show potent inhibitory activity.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Medicinal foodstuffs. IX. The inhibitors of glucose absorption from the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre R. BR. (Asclepiadaceae): structures of gymnemosides a and b.

Although the glycosidic fraction from the dried leaves of Gymnema sylvestre R. BR., gymnemic acid, was reported to be effective for diabetes, it showed little inhibitory activity on the increase of serum glucose level in oral glucose-loaded rats. From the glycosidic fraction, six triterpene glycosides, gymnemosides a, b, c, d, e, and f, were isolated together with nine known triterpene glycosides. The structures of gymnemosides a and b were determined on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence as 21-O-tigloyl-22-O-acetylgymnemagenin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid and 16-O-acetyl-21-O-tigloylgymnemagenin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid, respectively. In addition, an acetyl group linked to the 16- or 22-hydroxyl group in gymnemosides a and b was found to migrate easily to the primary 28-hydroxyl group, while the acyl migration from the 28-position was rarely observed. The inhibitory activity of each triterpene glycoside from gymnemic acid was examined to determine its impact on the increase of serum glucose level in oral glucose-loaded rats. Gymnemoside b and gymnemic acids III, V, and VII were found to exhibit a little inhibitory activity against glucose absorption, but the principal constituents, gymnemic acid I and gymnemasaponin V, lacked this activity.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Medicinal foodstuffs. X. Structures of new triterpene glycosides, gymnemosides-c, -d, -e, and -f, from the leaves of Gymnema sylvestre R. Br.: influence of gymnema glycosides on glucose uptake in rat small intestinal fragments.

Following the characterization of gymnemosides-a and -b, new triterpene glycosides, gymnemosides-c, -d, -e, and -f, were isolated from the leaves of Gymnema (G.) sylvestre R. BR. Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence as follows: 21-O-benzoyl-28-O-acetylgymnemagenin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid (gymnemoside-c), 23-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl] gymnestrogenin (gymnemoside-d), 23-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->6)-beta-D- glucopyranosyl]-28-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl] 23-hydroxylongispinogenin (gymnemoside-e), 23-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-28-O-[beta-O-glucopyranosyl (1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl] 3 beta,16 beta,23,28-tetrahydroxyolean-18-ene (gymnemoside-f). The inhibitory effects of gymnemosides-c, -d, -e, and -f and principal triterpene glycosides from G. sylvestre on glucose uptake in rat small intestinal fragments were examined, and gymnemic acids II, III, and IV, gymnemasaponin V, and gymnemoside-f were found to exhibit the inhibitory activity.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Synthesis of some peptides corresponding to the active region of RANTES for chemotaxis and evaluation of their anti-human immunodeficiency virus-1 activity.

Five peptides corresponding to the amino-terminal sequence of RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted), which is known to be the critical region for chemotaxis, were synthesized, and their anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 activity was examined to obtain a lead compound useful for the development of chemokine receptor-directed anti-HIV-1 drugs. A decapeptide corresponding to positions 1-10 [Ac-(10Ala-RANTES 1-10)-NH2] showed significant anti-HIV-1 activity. Ac-(10Ala, 11Ala-RANTES 5-14)-NH2 was also active, but less potent than the former. Other peptides corresponding to the positions 6-14, 7-14, and 8-14 did not show anti-HIV-1 activity. These results indicate that the sequence 1-10 of RANTES is important for the anti-HIV-1 effect.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1997

Medicinal foodstuffs. IV. Fenugreek seed. (1): structures of trigoneosides Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb, IIIa, and IIIb, new furostanol saponins from the seeds of Indian Trigonella foenum-graecum L.

Six new furostanol saponins called trigoneosides Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb, IIIa, and IIIb were isolated from a medicinal foodstuff, fenugreek seed, the seed of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (Leguminosae) originating from India, together with two known saponins, glycoside D and trigofoenoside A. The structures of trigoneosides Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb, IIIa, and IIIb were determined on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence as 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(25S)-5 alpha-furostane-2 alpha,3 beta,22 zeta,26-tetraol 3-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1 --> 6)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside, 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(25R)- 5 alpha-furostane-2 alpha,3 beta,22 zeta,26-tetraol 3-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1-->6)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside, 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-5 beta-furostane-3 beta,22 zeta,26-triol 3-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1 --> 6)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside, 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-5 beta-furostane-3 beta,22 zeta,26-triol 3-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1-->6)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside, 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(25S)-5 alpha-furostane-3 beta,22 zeta,26-triol 3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1 --> 2)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-5 alpha-furostane-3 beta,22 zeta,26-triol 3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1 --> 2)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside, respectively.

India↗

PubMed1997

[Bioactive constituents of Chinese natural medicines. III. Absolute stereostructures of new dihydroflavonols, hovenitins I, II, and III, isolated from hoveniae semen seu fructus, the seed and fruit of Hovenia dulcis THUNB. (Rhamnaceae): inhibitory effect on alcohol-induced muscular relaxation and hepatoprotective activity].

The methanol-soluble fraction from a Chinese natural medicine Hoveniae Semen Seu Fructus, the seed and fruit of Hovenia dulcis THUNB. (Rhamnaceae) was found to show an inhibitory effect on the alcohol-induced muscular relaxation and a protective activity on the D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide or carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury. Through bioassay-guided separation using a traction performance test, three new dihydrofravonols named hovenitins I, II, and III were isolated from Hoveniae Semen Seu Fructus together with four known flavonoids, (+)-ampelopsin, laricetrin, myricetin, and (+)-gallocatechin. The absolute stereostructures of hovenitins I, II, and III were determined on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence to be (2R, 3R)-5,7,4',5'-tetrahydroxy-3'-methoxydihydroflavonol, (2R,3S)-5,7,4',5'-tetrahydroxy-3'-methoxy-dihydroflavonol, and (2R, 3S)-5,7,3',4',5'-pentahydroxydihydro-flavonol, respectively. Hovenitin I and (+)-ampelopsin, both of which were principal ingredients of the active fractions from this natural medicine, were found to show an inhibitory activity on the ethanol-induced muscle relaxation in rats. In addition, hovenitin I showed a protective activity on the liver injury induced by D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide or carbon tetrachloride in mice.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

The novel anti-rheumatic drug TA-383 has a macrophage migration enhancing activity.

We have investigated the effect of a novel anti-rheumatic drug, cis-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5-diphenyl-2-imidazoline hydrochloride (TA-383), on macrophages. TA-383 (> or = 10(-9) M) significantly stimulated rabbit alveolar macrophage (AM) migration, and its migration-stimulatory activity was more potent than those of L-fucose (5 x 10(-3) M), lobenzarit disodium, bucillamine (SA-96) and salazosulfapyridine. In addition, TA-383 enhanced the production and/or release of macrophage migration enhancement factor by rabbit spleen cells. In vivo, TA-383 (0.4 mg/kg, p.o.) has suppressive effects on picryl chloride-induced delayed type hypersensitivity and type II collagen-induced arthritis in mice. These results suggest that the anti-rheumatic activity of TA-383 may be exerted through the dispersion of macrophages from inflammatory sites.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Substitutions of alanine for cysteine at a reactive thiol site and for lysine at a pyridoxal phosphate binding site of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase.

1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase catalyzes the cyclopropane ring fragmentation and deamination of ACC. Replacement of cysteine with alanine at a reactive thiol site, Cys-162, of ACC deaminase did not affect the enzyme activity, in spite of the previous result that modification of Cys-162 caused complete loss of the enzyme activity. Substitution of glycine or valine for the cysteine residue gave a higher Km for ACC without a significant change of the K0, indicating that changes of the amino acid side chain had structural effects on substrate binding. Replacement of lysine with alanine at the pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) binding site of the ACC deaminase caused a lower content of PLP and loss of detectable activity of ACC deamination. This mutant enzyme, K51A, showed absorption peaks at 330 nm and 405 nm. The peak at 405 nm was shifted to about 425 nm by the addition of ACC, D-, L-alanine, and D-, L-serine. The formation of aldimine complexes indicated by the spectral shift was reversible. It is suggested that lysine 51 affects the formation of holoenzyme and is important in catalysis.

Absorption↗

PubMed1997

Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of Akabane virus nucleoprotein gene.

The nucleoprotein genes of Akabane virus S RNA segment from 21 Japanese and two Australian isolates were amplified by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using a primer set containing the initiation and termination codon of the gene. The RT-PCR products were sufficiently produced from the purified virion RNAs of all the isolates, and then analyzed by enzymatic digestion with 11 restriction endonucleases. Digestion with the eight restriction enzymes revealed sequence variation of the isolates. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) profiles obtained by digestion revealed the existence of four major groups (genogroups) among the isolates. The two Australian isolates had extremely different RFLP profiles than the Japanese isolates. The data demonstrate the usefulness of analyzing the RFLP patterns to understand the genetic variability of AKA virus isolated in Japan and Australia.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Dark and light neurons in the human brain, with special reference to their reactions to Golgi's silver nitrate, luxol fast blue MBS and azocarmine G.

Sections from the human somatosensory cortex were observed with a light microscope. The neurons were classified into light and dark ones. The light neurons were slightly stained with thionin, luxol fast blue MBS and azocarmine G (80% of all neurons). The dark neurons were more or less shrunken, and stained intensely with these dyes (20% of all neurons). Double staining with luxol fast blue MBS and azocarmine G was especially useful to demonstrate the dark neurons, since it clearly stained even their fine processes. Neither light nor dark neurons were reactive to nick end labeling for detection of DNA fragmentation. Triple staining with Golgi's silver nitrate (or Gallyas's ammoniacal silver carbonate), luxol fast blue MBS and azocarmine G show that the majority of the dark neurons were argyrophilic (argyrophilic dark neurons, 15% of all neurons), while some of them were not argyrophilic (non-argyrophilic dark neurons, 5% of all neurons). Triple staining also showed that the light neurons were only occasionally argyrophilic (argyrophilic light neurons, 5% of all neurons); usually, the light neurons were not argyrophilic (non-argyrophilic light neurons, 75% of all neurons). The results confirm that dark neurons usually represent certain populations of neurons in the human brain, and that they are basically identical to the argyrophilic neurons. The discussion suggests that the argyrophilic light and dark neurons are excited cells, the non-argyrophilic dark neurons are exhausted cells, and the non-argyrophilic light neurons are resting cells. Triple staining further demonstrated that some glial cells were darkened and stained with Golgi's silver nitrate or Gallyas's silver carbonate. Additional Golgi's silver block staining showed that the argyrophilic neurons stained by the conventional block staining method usually possessed a shrunken cell body, which was characteristic of the dark neurons.

Aged↗

PubMed1997

Perineuronal sulfated proteoglycans and cell surface glycoproteins in adult and newborn mouse brains, with special reference to their postnatal developments.

Sections of the retrosplenial cortex from adult and newborn mouse brains were observed with a light microscope. The retrosplenial cortex of the adult animals contained many neurons (10% of the total), including some dark neurons, with perineuronal sulfated proteoglycans detectable with cationic iron colloid and aldehyde fuchsin. The retrosplenial cortex of the adult animals also contained many neurons (10% of the total) with cell surface glycoproteins reactive to lectin Vicia villosa, soybean or Wisteria floribunda agglutinin. Double staining showed that the majority (75%) of the neurons labeled with lectins were stained with cationic iron colloid, and that some (25%) of them were not stained with this colloid. Double staining also showed that some (25%) of the neurons stained with cationic iron colloid were not labeled with lectins. These findings indicate that the perineuronal sulfated proteoglycans are, at least partly, independent from the cell surface glycoproteins. Observations of the sections from the newborn animals revealed that the perineuronal sulfated proteoglycans were produced by the associated satellite astrocytes 3-4 weeks after birth, and that the cell surface glycoproteins were produced by the associated nerve cells at earlier stages, or 2-3 weeks after birth. Dark neurons began to appear 3-4 weeks after birth. These dark neurons or their Golgi complexes were also reactive to lectins, suggesting the production of cell surface glycoproteins.

Aging↗

PubMed1997

Negative charges bound to collagen fibrils in the rabbit articular cartilage: a light and electron microscopic study using cationic colloidal iron.

Negative charged sites in the normal rabbit articular cartilage were investigated using cationic colloidal iron methods. In light microscopy of the cartilage stained with the colloidal iron at pH 1.5, a distinct Prussian blue reaction was observed in the pericellular matrix, and a weak blue reaction in the territorial and interterritorial matrices. At pH 7.0, a diffuse Prussian blue reaction was observed in the pericellular and interterritorial matrices. Digestion with chondroitinase ABC, hyaluronidase and keratanase could not erase the Prussian blue reaction. However, the sections digested with collagenase followed by chondroitinase ABC showed significant elimination of the Prussian blue reaction. Electron microscopy of ultrathin sections stained with the colloidal iron at pH 1.5 revealed that the cationic colloid particles were deposited abundantly in the pericellular matrix and dotted along collagen fibrils in the territorial and interterritorial matrices. The present results suggest that negatively charged sites in the articular cartilage derive mostly from chondroitin sulfate, whose proteoglycans firmly bind to collagen fibrils. Such an ultrastructure may maintain the electrostatic microenvironment in the collagen plexus, holding much water in the cartilage matrix, and also producing biomechanical properties such as tensile strength and elasticity of the cartilage.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Perineuronal sulfated proteoglycans and cell surface glycoproteins in the visual cortex of adult and newborn cats.

Sections of the visual cortex of newborn (1-4 weeks after birth) and adult cats were stained with cationic iron colloid, aldehyde fuchsin or lectins (lectin Vicia villosa, soybean and Wisteria floribunda agglutinins). Many neurons in the adult cat visual cortex contained perineuronal sulfated proteoglycans detectable with cationic iron colloid and aldehyde fuchsin, or cell surface glycoproteins reactive to lectins. Double staining indicated that some of the lectin-labeled neurons were not stained with cationic iron colloid, and also that some of the cationic iron colloid-stained neurons were not labeled with lectins. The perineuronal sulfated proteoglycans and cell surface glycoproteins developed 3 weeks after birth. In the newborn cats 1-2 weeks after birth, no neurons were reactive to cationic iron colloid, aldehyde fuchsin or lectins. In the newborn cats 3-4 weeks after birth, it was clearly observed that the cytoplasm of the glial cells closely associated with the neurons containing the perineuronal sulfated proteoglycans showed an intense reaction to cationic iron colloid and aldehyde fuchsin, and that the Golgi complexes of the neurons with cell surface glycoproteins were intensely labeled with lectins. These findings suggest that the perineuronal sulfated proteoglycans are derived from the associated glial cells, and that the cell surface glycoproteins are produced by the associated nerve cells.

Animals↗