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Biomedical subjects

T Murakami

Publications and source records attributed to T Murakami.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Bone marrow cells differentiate into wound myofibroblasts and accelerate the healing of wounds with exposed bones when combined with an occlusive dressing.

BACKGROUND: The usefulness of bone marrow cells in accelerating wound healing has not been evaluated despite increasing evidence that bone marrow contains mesenchymal stem cells that have multipotentiality to differentiate into various types of cells after they enter the microenvironment of a specific tissue (niche). OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of bone marrow cells and occlusive dressings in promoting wound healing in rats. METHODS: We investigated by grafting, biopsy and immunohistochemistry whether various types of cells derived from green fluorescent protein (GFP)-transgenic rats would differentiate into wound component cells when administered topically on the wounds of rats. We also investigated whether topical application of bone marrow cells with an occlusive dressing would accelerate the healing of wounds with exposed bones, as measured by planimetry. RESULTS: GFP-labelled bone marrow cells contained multipotent stem cells that sufficiently differentiated into wound myofibroblasts presenting with alpha-smooth muscle actin in granulation tissue. Other types of cells, including myocytes, adipocytes, peripheral blood cells from buffy coat and dermal fibroblasts, did not express myofibroblast characteristics morphologically or immunohistochemically. Application of bone marrow cells and an occlusive dressing accelerated the repair of wounds with exposed bones, compared with an occlusive dressing only or with the topical administration of bone marrow cells plus a semidry to dry dressing. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that bone marrow cells accelerate the healing of wounds at least in part through their differentiation into wound myofibroblasts. Thus, treatment of wounds with bone marrow cells and a supportive occlusive dressing is effective in promoting the formation of healthy granulation tissue and also for the preparation of an ideal wound bed.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Transport of prostaglandin E1 across the blood-brain barrier in rats.

The transport of prostaglandin E(1) (PGE(1)) across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was characterized using an in-situ rat brain perfusion technique. The uptake of [(3)H]PGE(1) was not affected by shortchain monocarboxylic acids (butyric acid and valeric acid). On the other hand, uptake of [(3)H]PGE(1) was significantly inhibited by medium-chain monocarboxylic acids such as hexanoic acid, enanthic acid and octanoic acid. These medium-chain monocarboxylic acids showed a more potent inhibitory effect on [(3)H]PGE(1) uptake with increasing number of carbon atoms. In contrast, there was no decrease in [(3)H]PGE(1) transport by any dicarboxylic acids with 5-8 carbon atoms. Valproic acid decreased [(3)H]PGE(1) uptake, whereas p-aminohippuric acid, a substrate for the organic anion transporter family, did not inhibit [(3)H]PGE(1) transport. Bromocresol green, an inhibitor of prostaglandin transporter (PGT), strongly decreased [(3)H]PGE(1) transport across the BBB. In addition, digoxin and taurocholate, substrates for organic anion transporting polypeptide subtype 2 (Oatp2), significantly inhibited [(3)H]PGE(1) uptake. RT-PCR analysis revealed that PGT mRNA and Oatp2 mRNA are expressed in a capillary-rich fraction from rat brain. Thus, it is suggested that PGE(1) transport across the BBB is mediated by some specific transport systems, possibly by the members of the Oatp family.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed2005

Evaluation of MBR effluent characteristics for reuse purposes.

One of the advantages of MBR is its excellent effluent quality, which is suitable for a wide range of reuse purposes. We investigated the characteristics of MBR effluent and evaluated them based on the Japanese guideline for the reuse of treated wastewater. As the result, MBR effluent showed qualitative coaracteristics that satisfy the requirement except chromaticity for recreational purpose. Further treatment, such as by oxone or activated carbon, will be required to remove the remaining color. MBR shows high removal efficiency of bacteria and other hazardous microorganisms such as Cryptosporidium. We investigated the removal efficiency of virus by MBR using coliphage as an alternative index. The results showed that high removal efficiency for coliphage could be obtained by MBR. The removal mechanism appears to be that coliphage are attached to the activated sludge and thus rejected by the membrane together with activated sludge particles. With regard to the endocrine disrupters, no significant differences were observed between MBR and CAS in the removal of main endocrine disrupters.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Familial risk among Japanese patients with endometriosis.

OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to examine the prevalence of endometriosis among female siblings of patients with endometriosis in Japan. METHODS: A total of 339 patients with endometriosis were questioned about endometriosis in their sisters. The control group consisted of 284 Japanese healthy fertile women with no history of endometriosis. Similarly, the controls were interviewed about their sisters. RESULTS: We detected sisters with endometriosis in 8.8% of cases and 1.5% of the control population. The relative risk of endometriosis in female siblings was 5.7. However, a significant difference was not seen in age at diagnosis and clinical stage between patients with or without a family history of endometriosis. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate a familial tendency for endometriosis and suggest that endometriosis has a genetic factor in the pathogenesis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Molecular heterogeneity in two families with auditory pigmentary syndromes: the role of neuroimaging and genetic analysis in deafness.

We report two cases in which the probands presented with deafness and a family history of a dominantly inherited auditory pigmentary syndrome, yet the cause of deafness in each proband was not associated with the pigmentary abnormalities but was a result of mutations in SLC26A4, the gene mutated in Pendred's syndrome. The first case is a young woman with congenital sensorineural hearing loss and a family history of piebaldism. Despite showing no pigmentary abnormalities, the proband was found to harbor the same KIT mutation as her relatives affected by piebaldism, as well as two mutations in the SLC26A4 gene. In the second case, 2-year-old identical twin boys born to deaf parents presented with congenital sensorineural deafness and an extensive maternal family history of Waardenburg's syndrome type I (WSI). Their father had recessively inherited deafness associated with dilated vestibular aqueducts and a clinical diagnosis of Pendred's syndrome was made in him, which was confirmed molecularly. As the twin boys did not have features of WSI, both the mother and children were tested for mutations in SLC26A4 which showed the mother to be a carrier of a single mutation and both boys to be compound heterozygotes, illustrating pseudodominant inheritance of the condition.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Avulsion fracture of peroneus longus at the first metatarsal insertion: a case report.

Reports of isolated avulsion fracture at the planter lateral base of the first metatarsal without injury of the tarsometatarsal joint are very rare. A 24 year old man sustained an avulsion fracture at the plantar lateral base of the first metatarsal. Normal alignment of metatarsal bones and tarsometatarsal joint was maintained. In this paper, we describe internal fixation of the displaced fragment using x ray and minimally invasive surgery with good results.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Elasto-plastic contact analysis of an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene tibial component based on geometrical measurement from a retrieved knee prosthesis.

The wear phenomenon of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) in knee and hip prostheses is one of the major restriction factors on the longevity of these implants. Especially in retrieved knee prostheses with anatomical design, the predominant types of wear on UHMWPE tibial components are delamination and pitting. These fatigue wear patterns of UHMWPE are believed to result from repeated plastic deformation owing to high contact stresses. In this study, the elasto-plastic contact analysis of the UHWMPE tibial insert, based on geometrical measurement for retrieved knee prosthesis, was performed using the finite element method (FEM) to investigate the plastic deformation behaviour in the UHMWPE tibial component. The results suggest that the maximum plastic strain below the surface is closely related to subsurface crack initiation and delamination of the retrieved UHMWPE tibial component. The worn surface whose macroscopic geometrical congruity had been improved due to wear after joint replacement showed lower contact stress at macroscopic level.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

[Reusable imaging plate (IP) for swift and automatic measurement of X-ray CT dose profiles].

PURPOSE: In multi-slice CT, over beaming by penumbra effect has been reported, and measurements of X-ray CT beam profiles are very important for accurate performance assessment. This study was conducted in order to facilitate and economize on the measurement of CT dose profiles. METHODS: The imaging plate (IP: HR-V type, Fuji) was placed in its case, X-rayed, and then read with a digital IP reader, which then erased the data in preparation for reuse. The values were then compared with the values obtained with the standard one-use imaging film. The CT scanner used was a Toshiba Aquilion Multi (4 rows). RESULTS: The shape of the beam profile obtained using the IP method was for all practical purposes identical to that obtained using the film method. The FWHM values for 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 12.0, 16.0, 20.0 and 32-mm beam were 4.88, 6.61, 10.2, 14.9, 18.2, 22.4 and 35.0 mm for the IP method and 4.81, 6.66, 10.2, 14.7, 18.1, 22.3 and 34.8 mm for the film method. In addition, in the IP method, the results obtained for the shape of the beam profile and the FWHM were found to be extremely similar irrespective of the X-ray tube used or individual differences between IPs. CONCLUSION: We have developed a new X-ray CT beam profile measurement system using an IP. This IP method permits data processing to be performed entirely in the digital domain, allowing high-precision measurements to be obtained with ease.

Equipment Reuse↗
PubMed2004

[Sentinel node biopsy for staging of small peripheral lung cancer].

UNLABELLED: Is it possible to choose between limited lymph node sampling and systematic lymphadenectomy from the distribution of sentinel lymph nodes in patients with small lung cancer less than 2 cm in diameter? METHODS: Twenty-four patients with cN0M0 lung cancer less than 2 cm in diameter were enrolled. A radioisotope tracer (Tc-99 m tin colloid or phyphate) was injected in the vicinity of the tumor before surgery under computed tomography (CT) guidance. The radioactivity of each resected lymph node was measured separately with a hand-held gamma probe after complete tumor resection. Sentinel nodes were identified and the accuracy of sentinel node mapping was examined. RESULTS: Successful radionuclide migration occurred in 20 of the 24 patients (83.3%). There were 21 N0 patients and 3 N-positive patients. There was no false-negative case, so the sensitivity and the specificity was 100%. The lobar lymph nodes were identified as sentinel nodes more frequently than other lymph nodes. CONCLUSION: The sentinel node concept is valid in patients with small lung cancer less than 2 cm in diameter. We believe that, if sentinel nodes are identified, sentinel node mapping can allow the accurate intraoperative diagnosis of pathological N0 status in patients with small peripheral lung cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in a patient with a congenital solitary pelvic kidney. A case report.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is rarely associated witha congenital pelvic kidney. To date only 11 cases have been reported in the literature in which a solitary pelvic' kidney was associated in only 1 patient. Repair of thesaneurysm is technically demanding because the abnormal origin of the renal arteries presents the problem of renal ischemia duringaortic cross-clamping. We report a case of a 77-year-old man who was found to have an AAA associated with a congenital solitary pelvic kidney. An abdominal aortography dearly showed 2 aberrant renal arteries, one of which originated from the aortic wall just above the aortic bifurcation and the other from the left common iliac artery. At surgery, we found other associated anomalies including malrotation of the gut and a left undescended testis. The surgical procedure consisted of an aneurysmorrhaphy followed by a tube graft replacement with therenal arteries being left intact to the distal aortic wall or below. Renal preservation during aortic cross-clamping was achieved by direct perfusion of the upper renal artery with cold lactated Ringer's solution together with topical cooling with ice slush. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful. Urinary output was satisfactory and serum creatinine level remained unchanged throughout his hospital stay. The renal preservation method used in this case was simple and effective.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed2003

Laparoscopic lymph node dissection for gastric cancer with intraoperative navigation using three-dimensional angio computed tomography images reconstructed as laparoscopic view.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic extended lymph node dissection for gastric cancer is difficult to perform because it requires dissection with preservation of vessels. Therefore, an intraoperative navigation system for the angioarchitecture would be helpful. Recent enhanced volume-rendering computed tomography (CT) can produce clear intraluminal three-dimensional (3D) images. This advanced radiological technology can provide 3D angiographic images reconstructed in the same view as would be observed from a laparoscope inserted into the abdominal cavity. We report our experience with laparoscopic gastrectomy with radical lymph node dissection using this advanced radiological technology. METHODS: 3D CT angiographic images from the celiac axis to the proper hepatic artery were reconstructed in two ways preoperatively. The first was only 3D angiographic images that were reconstructed as the laparoscopic view (LapView 3D CT angiography). The second was LapView 3D CT angiography with images of the body of the pancreas, which was more useful for intraoperative navigation in comprehensing anatomy. Two monitors were placed over the shoulder of the patient during surgery. One monitor, which was controlled by the image mixer, projected the laparoscopic images with picture in picture of 3D CT angiographic images. The surgeon performed the surgery with reference to this monitor during lymph node dissection. RESULTS: 3D angiographic CT clearly showed all vessels of interest in laparoscopic lymph node dissection for gastric cancer in 10 cases. The anatomy of vessels appeared as if looking beyond visible surface. LapView 3D CT angiography was useful for laparoscopic navigation surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Ventral root avulsion leads to downregulation of GluR2 subunit in spinal motoneurons in adult rats.

It has been observed that motor neuron death is induced in adult rats by ventral root avulsion which involves pulling out the spinal cord root. Since motor neurons are reported to be selectively vulnerable to alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate receptor-mediated injury in vitro, we investigated changes in the expression of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate-receptor subunits in rat spinal motor neurons after ventral root avulsion. The L4-L5 ventral roots of adult Sprague-Dawley rats were avulsed by an extravertebral extraction procedure. After an appropriate survival time, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate-receptor subunits were detected immunohistochemically in the L4-L5 segments. Ventral root avulsion resulted in a 60% loss of motor neurons by 14 days after surgery. GluR2 labeling in motor neurons was markedly decreased after avulsion, but before the onset of motor neuron death, while the GluR1 and GluR4 labeling of motor neurons remained unchanged. Intrathecal administration of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate-receptor antagonists rescued a significant number of injured motor neurons from cell death. In contrast, N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor antagonists did not prevent motor neuron death. Since the presence of GluR2 subunit renders heteromeric alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate receptors Ca(2+)-impermeable, the downregulation of GluR2 may result in increased formation of GluR2-lacking, Ca(2+)-permeable alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate receptors in motor neurons and could contribute to motor neuron death after ventral root avulsion.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Association of SPINK5 gene polymorphisms with atopic dermatitis in the Japanese population.

BACKGROUND: Netherton's syndrome (NS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by trichorrhexis invaginata ('bamboo hair'), congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma and an atopic diathesis. NS has recently been shown to be due to a defect in the SPINK5 gene, encoding LEKTI, a 15-domain serine protease inhibitor. SPINK5 maps to chromosome 5q31-q32, and has been suggested to be a locus predisposing to atopy in general. Recently, coding polymorphisms in SPINK5 exons 13 and 14 have been reported to be associated with atopy, asthma and atopic dermatitis (AD). OBJECTIVES: To examine whether these polymorphisms are also associated with AD in Japan. METHODS: We characterized eight polymorphisms in SPINK5 exons 13 and 14 in 124 Japanese patients with AD and 110 healthy controls. The polymorphisms we examined were IVS12-26C-->T, IVS12-10A-->G, 1103A-->G (Asn368Ser, in exon 13), 1156G-->A (Asp386Asn, in exon 13), 1188T-->C (His396His, in exon 13), IVS13-50G-->A, 1258G-->A (Glu420Lys, in exon 14) and IVS14+19G-->A. RESULTS: We found significant associations between seven of these polymorphisms and AD in Japanese patients. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the previous suggestion of an association between SPINK5 and AD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Complete remission of metastatic clear cell sarcoma with DAV chemotherapy.

We report the first case of metastatic clear cell sarcoma with dramatic response to DAV treatment (DTIC + ACNU + VCR). Clear cell sarcoma of tendons and aponeuroses, or malignant melanoma of soft parts, is a rare tumour that occurs predominantly in the extremities of young adults. It tends to recur locally or metastasize and the prognosis is poor. Although the importance of surgery has been established, the role of adjuvant chemotherapy has yet to be determined. DAV should be considered as a first-line palliative treatment in disseminated disease as well as adjuvant therapy after surgery of primary clear cell sarcoma.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗