Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

T Murai

Publications and source records attributed to T Murai.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Factors influencing the recurrence rate and metastatic rate of bladder cancer].

Preservation surgeries have been applied for cancer of the urinary bladder in 202 cases during the past twenty years. We herein report the result of a statistical analysis on the background factors which determine the tumor recurrence rates and metastatic rates. The background factors analysed were as follows: size of tumors, number of tumors, histological staging, grading, lymph vessel permeation (ly) and vessel invasion (v). Each factor was analysed by Kaplan-Meier method and multiple regression analysis. By Kaplan-Meier method, tumor size, stage, grade, ly and v were closely related to the tumor recurrence and metastasis. By multiple regression analysis, tumor size, stage and ly were important for recurrence, while tumor size, stage and v were important for metastasis. In this study, histological grading was not so closely related to tumor recurrence and metastasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effect of beraprost sodium on peripheral circulation insufficiency in rats and rabbits.

Beraprost sodium (sodium (+/-)-(1R*,2R*,3aS*,8bS*)-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-2- hydroxy-1-[(E)-(3S*)-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-1-octen-6-ynyl]-1H- cyclopenta[b]benzofuran-5-butyrate, TRK-100) is a chemically and biologically stable epoprostenol analogue which possesses both potent antiplatelet and peripheral vasodilating actions. Its effect on obstruction of the peripheral artery was studied in three different models: 1. acute thrombosis induced by electrical-stimulation of the femoral artery in rabbits, 2. occlusion induced by intra-arterial injection of sodium laurate in rats and 3. tail gangrene induced by subcutaneous injections of both ergotamine and epinephrine in rats. Oral administration of beraprost sodium resulted in suppression of thrombus formation in the acute thrombosis model, marked improvement of macroscopic and histological observations in the laurate-occlusion model and inhibition of tail gangrene extension. In contrast, ticlopidine improved thrombus formation in the acute thrombosis model and slightly improved histological observation in the laurate-occlusion model, but not in the tail gangrene model. Cilostazol suppressed lesions in the acute thrombosis model, but not in the tail gangrene model. These findings suggest that beraprost sodium may be very useful clinically for the therapy of peripheral circulation insufficiency diseases such as Buerger's disease and Raynaud's disease.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

General pharmacology of beraprost sodium. 2nd communication: effect on the autonomic, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems, and other effects.

Beraprost sodium (sodium (+/-)-(1R*,2R*,3as*,8bS*)-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-2- hydroxy-1-[(E)-(3S*)-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-1-octen-6-ynyl]-1H- cyclopenta[b]benzofuran-5-butyrate, TRK-100) is an orally active epoprostenol (prostaglandin I2, PGI2) analogue. Its general pharmacological effects on peripheral organs were studied. 1. In isolated organs, beraprost sodium relaxed the trachea and increased atrial beating rate (2.4 x 10(-5) mol/l). It also dose-dependently contracted the stomach, aorta, ileum and uterus (2.4 x 10(-7)-2.4 x 10(-4) mol/l). These effects of beraprost sodium were similar, but inferior to those of PGI2 and PGE1. 2. Intravenous administration of beraprost sodium produced a dose-related decrease in blood pressure (BP), its potency being about 1/3 times that of PGI2 in anesthetized rats and dogs. Beraprost sodium and PGI2 had no effects on heart rate (HR), and enhanced respiration in conjugation with a decrease in BP. Oral administration of beraprost sodium in high doses (1-3 mg/kg in rats and 0.3 mg/kg in dogs) caused a decrease in BP. A compensatory tachycardia and an elevated plasma renin activity (PRA) occurred after low doses (0.1-0.3 mg/kg) in rats. In contrast, a change of HR and PRA in rabbits and dogs was mild. 3. Beraprost sodium produced suppression of digestive organs: markedly, gastric motility and secretion and intestinal transport; slightly, but significantly, biliary secretion. On the other hand, it enhanced ileal motility at a high dose (300 micrograms/kg i.v.). 4. Oral administration of beraprost sodium caused a decrease in urinary volume and electrolyte excretion in rats. 5. Oral administration of beraprost sodium prolonged bleeding time in mice, while it had no effect on the blood coagulation system in vitro. In addition, beraprost sodium had no hemolytic action. 6. The other effects of beraprost sodium were weak. Beraprost sodium had no local anesthetic activity and no effect on salivation, pupil size and neuromuscular transmission in the skeletal muscle. Beraprost sodium slightly contracted the uterus of non-pregnant rats in situ and dose-independently inhibited carrageenin-induced paw edema. In conclusion, beraprost sodium produced various effects on the autonomic, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal systems. Probably, these effects may be based on its own action like PGI2.

Anesthetics, Local↗
PubMed1989

[Reconsideration of organ weight in Japanese (1). Heart].

The heart weight measured at medicolegal autopsies in these days are usually heavier than the data of the mean value of Japanese in textbooks and papers which were surveyed around the Second World War. As it was supposed that some improvement of the nutrition and physique since the end of the war should make the heart weight heavier, the value on 1,399 cases of medicolegal autopsy was measured and analyzed. The results revealed that the heart weight in the late of teens reaches the old value of grown-ups and the mean values of men (360 g) and women (300 g) earned by the present study are far more than those described in the former reports. It was presumed that periodic researches for the standard heart weight are indispensable in the consequence of the present study.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

A case of suicide by drowning with hesitation marks on the back.

A case of a 78-year-old woman suspected of committing suicide is reported; an analysis of the evidence suggesting that she threw herself into the river after stabbing and cutting her neck, left forearm, abdomen and back. Hesitation marks on the back are relatively rare in cases of suicide. We discuss the manner of death and assume the mode in which her injuries were inflicted.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[CT findings of bone metastasis].

Computed tomograms of 150 cases with bone metastasis of various malignant neoplastic diseases are reviewed. According to CT findings bone metastasis is classified into six types, namely osteoblastic, mixed, osteolytic with sclerotic rim, osteolytic with sclerotic center, osteolytic, and infiltrative. Presumably many bone metastases show initially osteoblastic type on CT, and change progressively to mixed type or osteolytic type. If chemotherapy or radiotherapy is effective for bone metastasis, CT demonstrates changes of inverse direction. In detection of bone metastasis CT is superior to radionuclide bone scan. To find out the bone metastasis CT of cancer patients must be evaluated with bone window.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Multicenter evaluation of a specific pancreatic isoamylase assay based on a double monoclonal-antibody technique.

Eleven evaluators from nine laboratories in five countries evaluated a new immunoinhibition method for pancreatic isoamylase determination that is as simple to perform as that for total amylase. The precision at low and intermediate activity concentrations was superior, and at high concentrations it equalled that of the wheat-germ inhibitor method. The test was linear to approximately 2000 U/L, depending on the instrumentation used. The percentage salivary isoamylase activities remaining in specimens after reaction with two monoclonal antibodies ranged from 2 to 4.4%. Comparative studies showed good correlation with the wheat-germ inhibitor (r greater than 0.978) and electrophoresis methods (r = 0.920). Hemolysis, lipemia, and bilirubinemia have no effect on results. Interlaboratory studies demonstrated excellent transferability of the method, if instruments are calibrated with the same calibrator. Reference intervals for pancreatic isoamylase are 13 to 64 U/L (25 degrees C), 13 to 83 U/L (30 degrees C), and 17 to 115 U/L (37 degrees C). A clinical evaluation of patients with acute pancreatitis showed that pancreatic isoamylase has a greater clinical sensitivity than total amylase.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Pharmacological effects of urapidil on bronchospasm, myocardial hypoxia and postural hypotension in experimental animals.

We studied the effects of urapidil on bronchospasm, myocardial hypoxia and postural hypotension in experimental animals. Urapidil dose-dependently inhibited bronchospasm induced by histamine in anaesthetized guinea pigs and the contraction of isolated trachea induced by noradrenaline or phenylephrine. Urapidil markedly delayed the appearance of severe dyspnoea induced by histamine aerosol in guinea pigs. Further, urapidil inhibited isoproterenol-induced ST depression in rats and inhibited histamine-induced ST depression in rabbits. The postural hypotension induced by prazosin was greater than that induced by urapidil in equihypotensive doses in conscious rabbits. Urapidil induced a lesser alpha-blockade in the vein than in the artery compared with prazosin. These combined properties of urapidil suggest that the drug is worth investigation in hypertensive patients with bronchial asthma or ischaemic heart disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Natural history of aortic and coronary atherosclerosis in Tokyo.

The natural history of atherosclerosis in Tokyo was explored in 1,206 unselected consecutive hospital and forensic medicine autopsies performed on deceased persons of both sexes aged 0 to 89 yr. The extent of intimal atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta and coronary arteries was estimated visually after staining with Sudan IV and recorded as the percentage of intima with fatty streaks (FS) and raised lesions (RL). The extent of atherosclerosis by sex and age was compared in two sources of subjects and various broad disease categories associated with the terminal event causing death. Comparisons of hospital cases with forensic medicine cases, by sex, over five arterial segments and nine 10-yr age groups, did not show significant differences in the extent of atherosclerosis between the two sources of cases. However, RL at all age groups over 40 yr in general showed a tendency to be slightly more extensive in the hospital cases. As is commonly reported for certain other population groups, our results showed more extensive atherosclerosis in Japanese men than in Japanese women. The comparisons of the extent of atherosclerosis among five broad disease categories causing death--coronary heart disease (CHD), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), cases with evidence of both CHD and CVD (OVL), cases with CHD-related diseases such as diabetes and hypertension (CHD-rel), and all other diseases, accidents, homicides, and suicides (Basal)--showed more extensive atherosclerosis among CHD and OVL cases when compared with the basal group as control reference.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[A case of prostatic carcinoma with osteolytic bone metastases].

A 55-year-old man consulted us on December 3, 1986 with the chief complaints of left leg pain, disturbance in gait and dysuria. On digital rectal examination his prostate was found enlarged to a hen's egg size and increased in consistency. He was admitted to the hospital under the suspicion of prostatic cancer on December 8, 1986. Scout kidney-ureter-bladder X-ray revealed extensive osteolytic lesions in the left iliac and pubic bones as well as in the sacrum. Needle biopsy of the prostate demonstrated moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, leading to a diagnosis of prostatic cancer with osteolytic bone metastases. Bone scintigraphy showed increased radioactivity uptake by the left iliac and pubic bones. Pelvic CT disclosed large tumor masses in the left ilium and sacrum, which on bone biopsy were identified as poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Endocrine therapy with estramustinphosphate and castration was performed along with transurethral resection of prostate. At week 16 after initiating the therapeutic regimen the patient was entirely free from disturbance in gait and the tumor mass of the left iliac bone had disappeared almost completely on the computed tomogram at week 18, although osteolytic lesions still persisted on the x-ray. This case deserves special note because endocrine therapy markedly reduced the size of the bone tumors, in spite of osteolytic bone metastases of prostatic cancer with computed tomographic evidence of large metastatic tumor masses.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Rhizoxin binding to tubulin at the maytansine-binding site.

The binding of rhizoxin, a potent inhibitor of mitosis and in vitro microtubule assembly, to porcine brain tubulin was studied. Tubulin possesses one binding site for rhizoxin per molecule with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 1.7.10(-7) M. Ansamitocin P-3, a homologue of maytansine, was a competitive inhibitor of rhizoxin binding, with an inhibition constant of 1.3.10(-7) M. Vinblastine also inhibited rhizoxin binding, but was not fully competitive, and the inhibition constant was 2.9.10(-6) M. In contrast, both rhizoxin and ansamitocin P-3 were potent inhibitors of vinblastine binding. Rhizoxin inhibited tau-promoted tubulin assembly, but it, differing from vinblastine, did not induce tubulin aggregation into spirals, even at a concentration as high as 2.10(-5) M. In addition, rhizoxin strongly inhibited vinblastine-induced tau-dependent tubulin aggregation. Rhizoxin binding to tubulin was completely independent from colchicine binding. These effects resemble those of maytansine. The results suggested that rhizoxin binds to the maytansine-binding site and that the binding sites of rhizoxin and vinblastine are not the same.

Animals↗