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Biomedical subjects

T Munakata

Publications and source records attributed to T Munakata.

86 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Syntheses and structure-activity relationships of 6-aryl-4H-s-triazolo[3,4-c]thieno[2,3-e] [1,4]diazepines.

A variety of 6-aryl-4H-s-triazolo[3,4-c]thieno-[2,3-e][1,4]diazepines was synthesized and tested for antipentylenetetrazole activity and inhibition of fighting episodes. The structure-activity relationships are discussed. Some compounds were more active than diazepam in the two assays. Among them, 6-(o-chlorophenyl)-8-ethyl-1-methyl-4H-s-triazolo[3,4-c]thieno[2,3-e][1,4]diazepine was found to have favourable properties as an anxiolytic drug with very low toxicity. Clinical studies of this compound (Y-7131) are under way.

Aggression↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An in vivo 31P MRS study of patients with liver cirrhosis: progress towards a non-invasive assessment of disease severity.

Fourteen patients with liver cirrhosis of differing severity participated in a one-dimensional chemical shift imaging 31P MRS study of the liver. Patients were divided into two groups according to the severity of their liver disease using Child's classification and the aminopyrine breath test (AB test). Seven normal volunteers without liver disease acted as controls. The phosphomonester (PME) peak in normal subjects was 4.77% (95% confidence interval, CI: 4.11-5.42) of total phosphorus. The PME peak was significantly elevated in both mild cirrhosis [5.80% (95% CI: 5.46-6.14), p = 0.0051, vs normal subjects] and severe cirrhosis [9.64% (95% CI: 8.71-10.57), p = 0.0002, vs normal subjects and p = 0.001, vs mild cirrhosis]. There was a significant negative linear correlation (r = 0.88, p < 0.01) of PME with the percentage dose of 14CO2 excreted over 2 h in the AB test. pH values in patients with mild cirrhosis [7.45 (95% CI: 7.35-7.55)] but not severe cirrhosis [7.36 (95% CI: 7.25-7.47)] were significantly elevated (p = 0.04) compared to normal subjects [7.29 (95% CI: 7.17-7.41)]. Comparison of the peak area of PME at TR = 0.5 s against that using TR = 5.0 s in cirrhotic liver suggested no reduction in T1 of phosphorus metabolites in cirrhosis. A relationship between the severity of liver cirrhosis and a relative increase in PME was demonstrated and this was not due to a reduction of T1. This study highlights the clinical potential of 31P MRS as a non-invasive means of assessing the severity of liver cirrhosis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A comparison of motivational intervention and knowledge-supplied intervention for weight control in female students living alone: focus on self-efficacy].

The purpose of this study was: 1) to verify if motivational intervention enhances self-efficacy and desire for weight control; and 2) to compare the performance of weight control, desire, and self-efficacy among subjects in the motivational intervention group with those in the knowledge-supplied intervention group. Subjects included twenty-two female students living alone. The participants were divided into two groups of motivational-intervention (experimental group) and knowledge-supplied intervention (control group), consisting of eleven subjects in each group selected at random. A pre-test/post-test control design was used. Intervention in the experimental group consisted of a confirmation of individual reasons for weight control, connecting weight control with a life worth living for, and self-monitoring. Intervention in the control group however, involved instructions, on physiological and biochemical basis of proper weight control. As the result, these are suggested that the motivational intervention associated with enhancement of self-efficacy in weight control and dietary behavior. Compared to knowledge-based intervention, motivational intervention was associated with higher chewing method performance ratios, longer terms of continuing the chewing method, self-efficacy of weight control, self-efficacy of dietary behavior, and desire to weight control.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Interferon induction by SMANCS: a polymer-conjugated derivative of neocarzinostatin.

Poly (styrene-co-maleic acid)-conjugated neocarzinostatin, SMANCS, induced antiviral activities in the circulation of mice. The maximum titer of the activity (240 U/ml) was observed 20 h after administration an 8 mg/kg iv dose of SMANCS. Various experiments showed that this antiviral substance induced by SMANCS was an interferon (IFN). Sixty percent of the IFN response stimulated by SMANCS was impaired in mice pretreated with anti-IFN gamma antiserum. This suggests that the serum IFN induced by the agent contained about 60% of IFN gamma. When Thy 1+ or Lyt 2+ T-cells were depleted from mice by administration of anti-Thy 1.2 or anti-Lyt 2.2 monoclonal antibody (mAb), this IFN response was eliminated. However, when natural killer cells were depleted from mice by treatment with antiasialo GM1 antiserum, no alteration in the IFN response was observed. The SMANCS-stimulated IFN response was also abrogated in mice treated with macrophage blockers (carrageenan and trypan blue), whereas administration of anti-Lyt 1.2 mAb had no effect on the IFN response. These results suggest that macrophage and T-cells w Lyt 1-2+ phenotype may have an important role in the IFN response stimulated by SMANCS.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mycoplasma interaction with lymphocytes and phagocytes: role of hydrogen peroxide released from M. pneumoniae.

Interferon (IFN) production by human peripheral lymphocytes stimulated with M. pneumoniae was investigated. The hydrogen peroxide released from M. pneumoniae was responsible for the induction of IFN from lymphocytes, since horseradish peroxidase inhibited the IFN production and abrogated the activity of IFN production in the supernatant of M. pneumoniae. The antiserum neutralizing IFN alpha and IFN beta failed to neutralize partially interferon produced by lymphocytes. Treatment either with pH 2.0 or antiserum neutralizing human IFN gamma resulted in a partial reduction of interferon. These results indicate that interferon produced by human lymphocytes stimulated with M. pneumoniae includes both types of IFN gamma and IFN beta.

Adult↗