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T Moulin

Publications and source records attributed to T Moulin.

52 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Arterial territories of human brain: brainstem and cerebellum.

The development of neuroimaging has allowed clinicians to improve clinicoanatomic correlations in patients with strokes. Brainstem and cerebellum structures are well delineated on MRI, but there is a lack of standardization in their arterial supply. We present a system of 12 brainstem and cerebellum axial sections, depicting the dominant arterial territories and the most important anatomic structures. These sections may be used as a practical tool to determine arterial territories on MRI, and may help establish consistent clinicoanatomic correlations in patients with brainstem and cerebellar ischemic strokes.

Brain Mapping↗
PubMed1996

[Unilateral asterixis and focal brain lesions. 12 cases].

Asterixis is a involuntary movement with spontaneous interruptions and intermittent muscle tone. It occurs during posture maintenance. It is usually bilateral and, in this case, is observed in metabolic encephalopathy. Unilateral asterixis is more uncommon. We report 12 cases which occurred in patients with focal brain lesions. In all cases asterixis involved the upper limb and the lower limb in only 2 cases. Asterixis was transient, discrete and always associated with other neurological signs. The causal lesions (7 infracts, 2 haematomas, 2 abscesses, 1 meningioma) were unique in 7 cases and multiple in 5. Asterixis was always contralateral to the unilateral lesions. Lesions mainly involved the thalamus (7 cases) and other structures (lenticular nucleus, frontal lobe, internal capsule, precentral regions and cerebellum). The frequency of thalamic involvement suggested dysfunction of the thalamo-cortical loop.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Vertebrobasilar infarcts in patients with dolichoectatic basilar artery.

We reported 18 patients who had stroke in the posterior circulation with dolichoectatic basilar artery. TIAs preceded posterior circulation infarct in 5 patients. Strokes involved medulla oblongata (3), pons (4), cerebellum (4), mesencephalon (4), thalamus or occipital lobe (3). Dolichoectatic basilar artery also produced hydrocephalus in one patient. The mechanism of stroke may be due to penetrating artery occlusion, basilar artery thrombosis or an embolism from the abnormal basilar artery. Short-term prognosis was poor seeing that 4 patients died within 12 days of stroke.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Vascular ataxic hemiparesis: a re-evaluation.

Ataxic hemiparesis is commonly considered as one of the "typical" lacunar syndromes. Using the prospective stroke registries from Lausanne and Besançon, 100 patients were selected consecutively (73% men, 27% women; age 64.7 (SD 13.6) years) with a first stroke and ataxic hemiparesis (hemiparesis or pyramidal signs and ipsilateral incoordination without sensory loss). Brain CT or MRI was performed on all patients. A primary haemorrhage was present in 5%, an infarct in 72%, isolated leukoaraiosis in 9%, and no apparent abnormality in 14%. The locations of lesions were the internal capsule (39%), pons (19%), thalamus (13%), corona radiata (13%), lentiform nucleus (8%), cerebellum (superior cerebellar artery territory) (4%), and frontal cortex (anterior cerebral artery territory) (4%). The clinical features of ataxic hemiparesis with different locations were almost identical. Only minor associated signs allowed the localisation of the lesions (paraesthesiae with a lesion in the thalamus; nystagmus or dysarthria with a cerebellar or pontine location). Crural paresis with homolateral ataxia was seen only with cortical paramedian frontal lesions. Presumed hypertensive small artery disease was not always found, but was still the leading cause of stroke, being present in 59% of the patients and in 62% of those with small deep infarcts. A potential source of embolism (arterial or cardiac) was found in one fourth of the patients. Therefore no definite association can be made between ataxic hemiparesis and lacunar infarction. In particular, so called uncommon lesion locations may not be rare. After extensive investigations a diagnosis of lacunar infarct can be retained in only slightly more than half of the cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Vertebral-artery dissection following a judo session: a case report.

A few days after a judo session, an 11-year-old boy presented with an ischemic stroke with dizziness, aphasia and ataxia. CCT scan revealed a left thalamic infarct. Angiography showed a fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) of the left vertebral artery probably complicated by dissection. Subsequent evolution was favorable. This observation points out the fact that the association of a cervical pain with neurological signs of vertebrobasilar stroke, especially occurring after a cervical trauma or rotatory motion, should alert to the possibility of vertebral-artery dissection. The diagnosis is mainly based on angiographic criteria. Accurate diagnosis has implications for prognosis and probably for acute medical treatment.

Aortic Dissection↗
PubMed1994

Hemorrhagic infarcts.

A review of hemorrhagic transformation after brain ischemia is presented. The pathological, clinical and radiological aspects are discussed with respect to recent studies. The different pathophysiological mechanisms (reperfusion, vascular rupture, size of infarction, timing of constitution) are reviewed. The role of the utilization of antithrombotic (anticoagulant and thrombolytic) agents in the production of hemorrhagic infarct is presented, and we propose a new classification of hemorrhagic infarct, based on the CT scan patterns.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed1994

[Cutaneous tertiary syphilis with neurological symptoms].

INTRODUCTION: The tertiary cutaneous syphilis is now extremely rare. We report a case of tubercular cutaneous syphilis associated with neurological dysfunction. We emphasize the difficulties to interpret serologic and CSF tests for the diagnosis of neurosyphilis. CASE REPORT: A 63 year-old-woman had nodular, purplish and painless cutaneous lesions on forehead and forearm for 6 months. The biopsy showed a dermohypodermic lymphoplasmocytic granuloma, without necrosis, with endothelitis. Syphilis serologic tests were positive: VDRL = 512 U; TPHA = 40,960 U; FTA abs: IgG = 72,000 U; IgM = 1,350 U; Nelson test = 100 p. 100 (1,200 U). HIV test was negative. There was a past history of a positive syphilis serologic test when the patient was 20-year-old. The patient complained of shaking and her family spoke of gradual mental deterioration and behaviour troubles. The neurological examination showed a major frontal syndrome, cerebellar dysfunction with dysarthria and a major labial and lingual tremor. There is no lymphocytosis nor increased protein in the CSF; VDRL test was negative, TPHA test was positive, FTA abs = 4,000 U (IgG), and TPHA was increased. Penicillin G 16 millions units/day was given intravenously for 20 days; a slow increase was made in association with steroids at the beginning. The cutaneous lesions regressed in 14 days, but the neurologic state did not change. Six months later, there was still no IgM, TPHA decreased and VDRL was unchanged. DISCUSSION: While the diagnosis of tertiary cutaneous syphilis was correct, the neurological abnormalities are difficult to classify. The symptoms were those of general paresis, but there is no argument favouring biological CSF activity (no increase in protein or lymphocytosis, negative VDRL). Nevertheless, in the context of very positive serologic tests and tertiary cutaneous syphilis, we treated this case as a neurological syphilis. The treatment regimen and the need of current cures are still under discussion.

Facial Dermatoses↗
PubMed1992

Thalamic ataxia.

Seventeen patients with hemiataxia as a manifestation of thalamic infarction were studied. Hemiataxia had the main clinical characteristics of a "cerebellar type" of ataxia, though it never occurred in isolation, being associated with ipsilateral sensory disturbance (hemiataxia-hypaesthesia) in 7 patients, with ipsilateral sensory disturbance and hemiparesis (hypaesthetic ataxic hemiparesis) in 8 patients, and with hemiparesis (ataxic hemiparesis) in 2 patients. Recovery was good, and in all patients the sensory and motor disturbances improved or cleared before the hemiataxia. All patients had an infarct involving the lateral part of the thalamus (thalamogeniculate territory in 16, tuberothalamic territory in 1), also affecting the posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC) in 7 patients. Hemiataxia seemed linked to involvement of the caudal part of the ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus or the immediately adjacent medial part of the PLIC. These structures are near the corticospinal pathways and the ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus, explaining why hemiataxia is associated with hemiparesis or hypaesthesia in this type of infarct.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Homolateral ataxia and crural paresis: a syndrome of anterior cerebral artery territory infarction.

Five patients with superficial anterior cerebral artery territory infarcts in the paracentral area are reported, who developed a hemiparesis which was predominant in the leg, and with homolateral ataxia in the arm. A similar neurological picture was not observed in 1736 patients who were admitted over an eight year period to a primary care stroke centre with their first stroke. Involvement of corticopontine fibres at their origin, together with damage to the lower limb motor strip or underlying white matter, appears to have been the cause of a clinical syndrome (homolateral ataxia and crural paresis) which has been ascribed to lacunar infarction.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Free-floating thrombus of the extracranial internal carotid artery.

Free-floating clots of the extracranial internal carotid artery are generally considered as surgical emergencies. This retrospective study analyzes six free-floating clots diagnosed by arteriography. Three of these patients had a fixed stroke while the other three had an evolving stroke. Three patients had antecedent ocular or hemispheric transient ischemic attacks. The causes of free-floating clots in the internal carotid artery were atheromatous stenosis in two cases, ulcerated plaque in three cases, and carotid artery dissection in one. All six patients were seen late, approximately 15 hours after their neurologic accident. They were treated with intravenous heparin over a two to five week period. Repeat arteriograms demonstrated complete clot lysis in four instances, while partial lysis was seen in one case. Moderate extension of thrombus occurred in one case only. No further neurologic complications were noted during the treatment by heparin. As indicated by follow-up arteriographic findings, secondary surgery was performed for major carotid lesions and residual clots in five cases. The free-floating thrombus syndrome of the carotid artery should not be considered as a surgical emergency when discovered late in the wake of an acute neurologic accident.

Carotid Artery Thrombosis↗
PubMed1988

Wallerian degeneration of the descending tracts. CT and MRI features of the brain stem.

The authors have studied by CT brain infarcts of different ages in 16 patients, two of whom were also examined by MRI. The early and CT signs of wallerian degeneration of the descending tracts within the brain stem are described. Three cases of crossed cerebellar atrophy are reported; in one of them, the cerebral lesion had been present for less than 8 years. The physiopathology of pontine hemiatrophy and crossed cerebellar atrophy is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Role of a stroke data bank in evaluating cerebral infarction subtypes: patterns and outcome of 1,776 consecutive patients from the Besançon stroke registry.

UNLABELLED: The purpose of this study was to estimate the frequency of various risk factors, courses and outcome of infarct subtypes in a large hospital-based stroke registry. METHODS: From 1987 to 1994, 1,776 stroke patients with a first-ever infarction were included in the Besançon Stroke Registry. All patients were evaluated by a standard protocol (risk factors, stroke onset, stroke courses, clinical characteristics, neuroimaging, Doppler ultrasonography and cardiac investigations). Outcome was evaluated at 30 days using the Rankin scale. RESULTS: There were 1,012 men (mean age 67.2 +/- 13.7 years) and 764 women (mean age 71.4 +/- 15.6 years). At least two neuroimaging examinations were performed in 81.4% (n = 1,446) of the patients and an infarct was visible in 80.9% (n = 1,436). The second neuroimaging examination (CT or MRI) was performed after 8.2 +/- 1.6 days. 85.4% of patients were admitted on the first day of the stroke: 28.3% within 3 h and 48.4% within 6 h. In addition, stroke severity was well correlated with the short time interval between stroke onset and admission. Past medical history of hypertension was the major risk factor occurring in 57.5% of all types of infarction. While diabetes was more frequently found in small deep infarct, atrial fibrillation and history of heart failure were found in anterior circulation infarcts. The distribution of clinical presentations was conventional. Hemorrhagic transformation was found in 14.9% of the patients, especially in MCA and PCA infarcts. In all patients, logistic regression analysis determined independent predictive factors for death: clinical deterioration at the 48th hour (OR 7.5, 95% CI 4.9-11.3), initial loss of consciousness (OR 3. 3, 95% CI 2.1-4.9), age (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.03-1.06), complete motor deficit (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.7-3.8), history of heart failure (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.3-3.0), lacunar syndrome (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.10-0.60) and regressive stroke onset (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.10-0.52). However, the outcome was clearly correlated with the infarct location. The in-hospital mortality rate was lowest in patients with small deep infarct (2.9%) or border zone infarcts (3.4%) and the highest in patients with total middle cerebral artery infarct (47.4%) or multiple infarcts (27.6%). CONCLUSION: Our registry appears to be a useful tool to understand the course and outcome of a large group of nonselected patients with subtypes of infarction. It can also help to analyze the influence of specific stroke management in the different categories of stroke types.

Aged↗