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Biomedical subjects

T Moriya

Publications and source records attributed to T Moriya.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Importance of metabolic monitoring systems as an early prognostic indicator in severe head injured patients.

We have analyzed and evaluated what is the best metabolic monitoring system to determine the prognosis for maintenance of neurological function in severe head injured patients. Acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) was recognized in fifteen of 22 patients and cerebral contusion in seven in this series. Intracranial pressure (ICP), jugular venous pH and jugular bulb venous oxygen saturation (SjO2) were continuously monitored as soon as possible following stabilization. The measurement of cerebral blood flow (CBF) was carried out using a stable Xenon-computerized tomography (Xe-CT). After measuring CBF, 3% carbon dioxide (CO2) loading was conducted to determine CO2 responses (delta CBF/delta CO2). In patients who died (D), jugular venous pH showed evidence of acidosis (6.3-7.2) with delta CBF/delta CO2 < 1 and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) < 1.21 within several hours of the trauma. On the other hand, arterial pH was shown to be within the normal range. In vegetative state (VS) and severe disability (SD) patients, jugular venous pH was shown to be within normal range, with delta CBF/delta CO2 < 1 and 1.44 < CMRO2 < 1.79. In all of moderate disability (MD) and good recovery (GR) patients, jugular venous pH was shown to be within the normal range, with delta CBF/delta CO2 > 1 and 1.65 < CMRO2 < 1.85. These results suggest that jugular venous pH, CO2 response and CMRO2, were useful as early prognostic indicators in the maintenance of neurological function.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1999

Analysis and a long-term follow up of ketosis-onset Japanese NIDDM patients.

It has been reported that excessive intake of sugar-containing soft drinks results in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or ketosis (DK) in obese patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). We describe the clinical characteristics and results of long-term follow-up for 24 newly-diagnosed patients with acute-onset NIDDM presenting with DKA or DK. A history of excessive intake of sugar-containing soft drinks was found in 19 (Group A); serious non-diabetic illnesses were found in 5 (Group B). The range of patient ages in Group A was 16 to 57 years while all patients in Group B were 60 years or older. In Group A, no patient was positive for autoantibodies, specific HLAs for Japanese insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, or mutation of the beta-3-adrenergic receptor gene. The body mass indices (BMIs) at onset and admission and serum C-peptide immunoreactivities at admission and discharge were significantly higher in patients in Group A than in patients Group B. In conclusion, we reconfirmed that excessive intake of sugar-containing soft drinks is one of the contributing factors in DKA or DK-onset NIDDM patients. We found no autoimmune mechanism involved in the pathogenesis and that a polymorphism in the beta-3-adrenergic receptor gene could be associated with the development of soft-drink ketosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Modulation of mPer1 gene expression by anxiolytic drugs in mouse cerebellum.

1. The mPer1 and mPer2 genes are putative mouse clock genes that regulate circadian oscillator present in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) neuron. While they are also expressed in the granular cell layer in the cerebellum, their function is unknown. In a first step to verify the physiological roles of mPer1 and mPer2 genes in the cerebellum, we examined the effects of benzodiazepines on the expression of the mPer1 and mPer2 genes. 2. mPer2 mRNA expression was higher at ZT16 than ZT4 in the mouse cerebellum. 3. High-dose administration of diazepam (10 mg kg-1) or triazolam (1 mg kg-1) reduced mPer1 mRNA level 1 h after treatment in the cerebellum. 4. Reduced expression of mPer1 by diazepam treatment was transient. No difference of mPer1 mRNA level between diazepam (10 mg kg-1)- and vehicle-treated group was observed 6 h after treatment. 5. Administration of high doses of tandospirone (30 mg kg-1), a non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic also reduced mPer1 mRNA expression 1 h after treatment. 6. Administration of high doses of clozapine (5 mg kg-1) or haloperidol (1 mg kg-1) impaired the rota-rod performance without affecting on mPer1 mRNA level. 7. Diazepam and tandospirone inhibited the expression of mPer1 mRNA in the primary cultured cerebellum granule cells. 8. Transient reductions of mPer1 mRNA levels by various benzodiazepines and tandospirone is associated with impairment of coordinated movement, such as rota-rod performance and equilibrium.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Breast cancer with choriocarcinomatous features: A case report with cytopathologic details.

A case of breast cancer with choriocarcinomatous features (BCCF) is reported. The patient was a 38-year-old Japanese female with a long history of schizophrenia. Her nursing staff noticed a palpable mass in her right breast, which showed rapid growth. Following cytopathologic confirmation of a malignant breast tumor, she underwent mastectomy with ipsilateral axillary lymph node dissection. Histologic examination revealed BCCF, which was positive for placental alkaline phosphatase and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) by immunohistochemistry. The serum HCG level was high. She died 7 months postoperatively, with multiple metastases of BCCF to the chest wall, lung and liver.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Basement membrane material in ovarian clear cell carcinoma: correlation with growth pattern and nuclear grade.

Stromal hyalinization in ovarian clear cell carcinomas has been suggested to be caused by deposition of basement membrane (BM) material, but the biological and diagnostic significance of this finding remains unknown. The distribution of BM material in 17 primary ovarian clear cell carcinomas was examined semiquantitatively using hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections and immunohistochemistry with antibodies to laminin and type IV collagen. For comparison, other surface epithelial tumors, including 8 serous tumors of low malignant potential, 10 serous adenocarcinomas, 6 mucinous tumors of low malignant potential, 5 mucinous adenocarcinomas, 6 endometrioid carcinomas, 4 Brenner tumors, 1 transitional cell carcinoma, and 3 undifferentiated carcinomas, were examined. Stromal hyalinization was found in all 17 clear cell carcinomas and was immunoreactive for type IV collagen and laminin. Other types of surface epithelial tumor lacked these findings. In clear cell carcinoma, areas showing a papillary pattern tended to show abundant deposition regardless of nuclear grade, whereas in solid, tubular, or cystic areas, the deposition was more prominent in areas showing high-nuclear-grade features (grade 2 and 3) than in areas with low-nuclear-grade features (grade 1). Dense deposition of BM material recognized as stromal hyalinization on hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections in primary ovarian clear cell carcinoma is a characteristic feature that is not seen in other ovarian surface epithelial tumors. This matrix production correlates with high-nuclear-grade features and papillary growth pattern.

Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell↗
PubMed1999

Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus in japan.

Blood screening for hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies at Japanese Red Cross blood centers has indicated an age-dependent prevalence of HCV infection in the general population of Japan: the older the age, the higher the prevalence. The same pattern was corroborated by the sentinel study conducted in an HCV-endemic area. The high prevalence of HCV in the elderly is most likely due to a spread of HCV infection during the turmoil period just after World War II: in particular by illicit intravenous amphetamine abuse. Fortunately, however, since the rate of newly acquired infection is currently too low to influence HCV prevalence in each age group, the total number of HCV carriers (estimated to be 691,852 for the age group 20-64 years) would decrease spontaneously with generation takeover to approximately 50% of the current number during the decade to come.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Apoptosis of human endometrium mediated by perforin and granzyme B of NK cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes.

Endometrial stromal granulocytes (EGs) were found to be a major component of human endometrial stroma in the late secretory phase. However, the role of EGs in the mechanism of human endometrial menstruation has not been clarified. Immunohistochemistry of CD56, perforin, granzyme B, and vimentin, in situ detection of apoptosis by TUNEL (TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick and labeling) and electron microscopy were performed in endometrial tissue samples with normal menstrual cycles. We analyzed the number of immunostained cells in the functional layer of stroma and the number of apoptotic cells detected by TUNEL in the endometrial glandular cells. Double-staining revealed that CD56-positive endometrial stromal cells were simultaneously positive for both perforin and granzyme B, and negative for vimentin, which recognized stromal tissue. Vimentin was positive for the predecidual cells and negative for EGs. CD56-positive EGs involving perforin and granzyme B were progressively recruited during the secretory phases before menstruation. Apoptosis in endometrial glandular cells increased from the late secretory phase, which maximized at the menstrual period. This finding suggests that the cytotoxic granules released from EGs, which are derived from cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells, are initiators of the apoptotic pathway that induces endometrial menstruation.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Methylcobalamin amplifies melatonin-induced circadian phase shifts by facilitation of melatonin synthesis in the rat pineal gland.

Effects of methylcobalamin (methyl-B12), a putative drug for treating human circadian rhythm disorders, on the melatonin-induced circadian phase shifts were examined in the rat. An intraperitoneal injection of 1-100 microg/kg melatonin 2-h before the activity onset time (CT 10) induced phase advances of free-running activity rhythms in a dose-dependent manner (ED50=1.3 microg/kg). Injection of methyl-B12 (500 microg/kg) prior to melatonin (1 microg/kg) injection induced larger phase advances than saline preinjected controls, while the injection of methyl-B12 in combination with saline did not induce a phase advance. These results indicate amplification of melatonin-induced phase advances by methyl-B12. Pinealectomy abolished the phase alternating effect of methyl-B12, suggesting a site of action within the pineal gland. In fact, methyl-B12 significantly increased the content of melatonin in the pineal collected 2-h after activity onset (CT 14). In contrast, no difference in melatonin content was found at CT 10, indicating that the effect of methyl-B12 may be gated after the activity onset time when endogenous melatonin synthesis is known to increase. These results suggest that methyl-B12 amplifies melatonin-induced phase advances via an increase in melatonin synthesis during the early subjective night at a point downstream from the clock regulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Vasoconstriction induced by zooxanthellatoxin-B, a polyoxygenated long-chain product from a marine alga.

We found that zooxanthellatoxin-B from a symbiotic marine alga, Symbiodinium sp., caused a concentration-dependent contraction of the rabbit isolated aorta at concentrations of 10(-7)-10(-5) M. Verapamil (10(-6) M) and mefenamic acid (10(-5) M) significantly attenuated the contractile response to zooxanthellatoxin-B at lower concentrations (10(-7)-10(-6) M) but not at higher concentrations (3 X 10(-6)-10(-5) M). The response to zooxanthellatoxin-B was partly inhibited by phentolamine (10(-6) M), whereas it was potentiated by ouabain (10(-5) M). Tetrodotoxin (10(-6) M), methysergide (10(-6) M), chlorpheniramine (10(-6) M) or indomethacin (3 X 10(-6) M), however, did not affect it. The zooxanthellatoxin-B-induced contraction was abolished by incubation in Ca2+-free solution. The contractile response increased in a concentration-dependent fashion with Ca2+ (0.03 and 10 mM) or Sr2 + (0.10 and 10 mM). After treatment with verapamil (10(-6) or 5 X 10(-6) M), the concentration-contractile response curves for Ca2+ and Sr2+ in the presence of zooxanthellatoxin-B were shifted to the right in parallel. MgCl2 (10 mM) shifted the concentration-response curve for Ca2+ more markedly than did verapamil. Zooxanthellatoxin-B increased tissue Na+ and reduced tissue K+ contents in the aorta, suggesting that zooxanthellatoxin-B increases Na+ and K+ permeability across the plasma membrane. These results suggest that the zooxanthellatoxin-B-induced contraction of the aorta is caused mainly by a direct action on smooth muscle, i.e., an increase in Ca2+ permeability that occurs at least partly through voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels as well as through nonselective cation channels in the cell membrane of smooth muscle.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Mother-to-infant transmission occurs more frequently with GB virus C than hepatitis C virus.

A total of 107 hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected pregnant women were screened for GB virus C (GBV-C) RNA in their sera, and 11 (10.3%) were positive. Among 11 infants born to these HCV/GBV-C co-infected mothers, GBV-C RNA was detected in 7 (63.6%) while HCV RNA was found in 1 (9.1%) within 1 year after birth: this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.023). The mothers of infected infants had significantly higher serum titers of GBV-C RNA than those of uninfected infants: 10(6.7 +/- 0.5) vs 10(4.0 +/- 1.0) copies/ml in average (p = 0.001). The baby in whom HCV RNA was found was also positive for GBV-C RNA, and had an elevation in serum transaminase levels, whereas all the other GBV-C infected infants showed no evidence for hepatitis. A family study, performed on 2 of the 7 infected cases, revealed that all the elder siblings of the index infants were also GBV-C RNA-positive. Nucleotide sequence of GBV-C RNA, amplified by PCR from an NS3 region, was completely identical between the mother and the infant within each family, but varied significantly across different families. These results suggest that GBV-C is more easily transmitted from mother to infant than HCV, although hepatitis is not caused thereby.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1998

Potentiating action of MKC-242, a selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist, on the photic entrainment of the circadian activity rhythm in hamsters.

Serotonergic projections from the midbrain raphe nuclei to the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) are known to regulate the photic entrainment of circadian clocks. However, it is not known which 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor subtypes are involved in the circadian regulation. In order to verify the role of 5-HT1A receptors, we examined the effects of 5-¿3-[((2S)-1,4-benzodioxan-2-ylmethyl)amino]-propoxy¿-1,3-b enzodioxole HCl (MKC-242), a selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist, on photic entrainment of wheel-running circadian rhythms of hamsters. MKC-242 (3 mg kg(-1), i.p.) significantly accelerated the re-entrainment of wheel-running rhythms to a new 8 h delayed or advanced light-dark cycle. MKC-242 (3 mg kg(-1), i.p.) also potentiated the phase advance of the wheel-running rhythm produced by low (5 lux) or high (60 lux) intensity light pulses. In contrast, 8-hydroxydipropylaminotetralin (8-OH-DPAT)(5 mg kg(-1), i.p.), a well known 5-HT1A/5-HT7 receptor agonist, only suppressed low intensity (5 lux) light-induced phase advances. The potentiating actions of MKC-242 on light pulse-induced phase advances were observed even when injected 20 or 60 min after the light exposure. The potentiating action of MKC-242 was antagonized by WAY100635, a selective 5-HT1A receptor blocker, but not by ritanserin, a 5-HT2/5-HT7 receptor blocker, indicating that MKC-242 is activating 5-HT1A receptors. Light pulse-induced c-fos expression in the SCN and the intergeniculate leaflet (IGL) were unaffected by MKC-242 (3 mg kg(-1), i.p.). HPLC analysis demonstrated that MKC-242 (3 mg kg(-1), i.p.) decreased the 5-HIAA content in the SCN. The present results suggest that presynaptic 5-HT1A receptor activation may be involved in the potentiation of photic entrainment by MKC-242 in hamsters.

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin↗
PubMed1998

Matrix-producing carcinoma of the breast: case report with radiographical and cytopathological features.

A case of matrix-producing carcinoma (MPC), which is a unique variant of breast cancer, is described with cytopathological and radiographical findings. A 75-year-old female presented with a palpable mass in her right breast. After confirmation of the cytopathological diagnosis, the patient received a right mastectomy with ipsilateral axillary lymph node dissection. The histopathological examination revealed MPC. The Union Internationalis Contra Cancrum postoperative clinical stage was IIB. The patient is well and without disease 18 months after the surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Synthesis of new peptides with prolactin-releasing activity by a combination of recombinant DNA technology and a cysteine-specific cyanylation reaction.

A newly isolated peptide from bovine hypothalamus with prolactin-releasing activity (prolactin-releasing peptide; PrRP) was synthesized by a combination of recombinant DNA technology and a cysteine-specific cyanylation reaction, together with rat and human homologs. The peptides were expressed in the form of fusion proteins with basic fibroblast growth factor mutein, which were purified by heparin-affinity chromatography. The fusion proteins were cleaved at the cysteine residues of the junction site by cyanylation, followed by treatment with ammonia for C-terminal amidation. Purification of the resulting crude peptides was performed using chromatography on a gel-filtration column, a cation-exchange column, and a reversed-phase column. As an example, about 90 mg of bovine PrRP (bPrRP) was obtained from 201 of culture bloth. The purified b PrRP showed full biological activities in binding to its receptor expressed on CHO cells and releasing arachidonic acid metabolite from the same cells, while the C-terminal acid form of bPrRP had little of these activities. These results indicate that the C-terminal amide structure is very important for expressing biological activity. The peptides obtained here might be very useful for studies on their biological significance and roles in vivo.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1998

[Physiological, pharmacological and molecular aspects of mammalian biological clocks].

Circadian rhythm is an endogenous rhythm that persists in constant conditions with a period of nearly but not identical to 24 hr. Under natural conditions, the circadian clock is precisely entrained to the daily (24 hr) cycle, because environmental stimulus (especially light) induces a phase shift of the clock. In mammals, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus has been shown to be the primary pacemaker that drives daily rhythms of behavioral and physiological activity. Photic information is conveyed from the retina to the SCN directly by the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT) and indirectly by the geniculo-hypothalamic tract (GHT). The transmitter of the RHT is glutamate, while the GHT is GABA and neuropeptide Y. Serotonergic innervation from the median raphe and melatonin from the pineal body are likely to provide non-photic information to the SCN. Single gene mutations that dramatically alter circadian phenotype were found in the hamster (tau) and mouse (clock). Moreover, the homologous genes of the Drosophila clock gene, per, were found in mammals and the homologue of the mammalian clock was found in Drosophila. These data suggest that the some constitutes of the biological clock may be conserved between Drosophila and mammals, and a transcription-translation feedback loop involving some clock gene products may be a oscillator itself.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Acute terminal pancreatitis occurring in jejunal heterotopic pancreas.

CONCLUSION: We report a unique case of acute terminal pancreatitis occurring in the jejunal heterotopic pancreas. Unlike previously reported cases, acute pancreatitis was not found histologically in the ordinary pancreas. BACKGROUND: Heterotopic pancreas may show the same inflammatory or neoplastic changes, such as acute pancreatitis and adenocarcinoma, as those that occur in the ordinary pancreas. However, histologically proven acute pancreatitis occurring in heterotopic pancreas is very rare and only three reports have been described. METHODS: A 53-yr-old Japanese man died of hepatic failure, and autopsy was performed. RESULTS: Autopsy incidentally revealed heterotopic pancreas of the jejunum. Microscopically, focal acute pancreatitis was observed in the jejunal heterotopic pancreas, whereas the pancreas of the normal location showed no abnormality. In addition, no clinical evidence of pancreatic disease was noted before death. Therefore, we diagnosed this case as acute terminal pancreatitis occurring in the jejunal heterotopic pancreas.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

[A longitudinal cohort study on the relation between physical condition and masticatory ability in the elderly].

The present study was conducted to determine the relation between physical condition and masticatory ability. The subjects were residents over 65 years old living in three different areas in Sagae City. The physical conditions assessed were height, weight, rate of body fat, grip strength, and bone mineral density. Masticatory ability was evaluated by the test jelly method. The results were as follows: 1) There was a difference in physical condition among subjects from the three residential areas. 2) For males, the group who maintained their masticatory ability exhibited better physical condition than those who did not. As for females, however, the physical condition was more strongly affected by age than masticatory ability.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Light-induced resetting of a mammalian circadian clock is associated with rapid induction of the mPer1 transcript.

To understand how light might entrain a mammalian circadian clock, we examined the effects of light on mPer1, a sequence homolog of Drosophila per, that exhibits robust rhythmic expression in the SCN. mPer1 is rapidly induced by short duration exposure to light at levels sufficient to reset the clock, and dose-response curves reveal that mPer1 induction shows both reciprocity and a strong correlation with phase shifting of the overt rhythm. Thus, in both the phasing of dark expression and the response to light mPer1 is most similar to the Neurospora clock gene frq. Within the SCN there appears to be localization of the induction phenomenon, consistent with the localization of both light-sensitive and light-insensitive oscillators in this circadian center.

Animals↗