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T Moriya

Publications and source records attributed to T Moriya.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

The effects of listening comprehension of various genres of literature on response in the linguistic area: an fMRI study.

Using fMRI at a static magnetic field strength of 1.5T, we investigated how comprehension and humor of sentences would correlate to activation of the language areas in listening comprehension of a native language. Sentences with a high comprehension score augmented activation in the left inferior parietal lobule and posterior part of the left superior temporal gyrus, which may be related to semantic processing. Sentences with a high humor score induced activation in Broca's area, which may be associated with syntactic processing and auditory working memory. Furthermore, sentences with a high humor factor and/or a low comprehension score activated the middle frontal gyrus, which may be attributed to auditory working memory.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Involvement of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expressed in astroglial cells in circadian rhythm under constant lighting conditions in mice.

To clarify the role of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-expressed glial cells in the circadian clock, we examined GFAP expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and the intergeniculate leaflet (IGL) under various lighting conditions in mice. We demonstrated that GFAP expression did not show daily change in the SCN under a light-dark cycle; however, long-term housing under constant lighting conditions led to dramatic changes in GFAP expression, i.e., a decrease in the SCN and an increase in the IGL. Furthermore, mice that had a targeted deletion in the GFAP gene (GFAP mutant mice) showed longer and more arrhythmic circadian activity rhythms in constant lighting conditions than wild-type mice, while GFAP mutant mice exhibited stable circadian rhythms both in a light-dark cycle and constant darkness, and showed normal entrainment to environmental light stimuli. These results suggest that the GFAP-expressed astroglial cells in the SCN and the IGL may have some role in circadian oscillation under constant lighting conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

PLC beta 4-independent Ca2+ rise via muscarinic receptors in the mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus.

Cholinergic regulation of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) has been extensively studied although the intracellular signaling mechanisms are not well understood. We examined immunostaining for phospholipase C-beta (PLC-beta) families that couple to muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) and demonstrated the expression of PLC-beta 1 and beta 4 in the mouse SCN. Ca2+ imaging analysis indicated that the MI-mAChR antagonist, pirenzepine blocked carbachol-induced Ca2+ elevation in the SCN and the response was equivalent between the wild type and the PLC-beta 4-knockout mice. In addition, the knockout mice displayed locomotor and temperature rhythms coupling to 24 h light/dark cycles. Therefore, it was proposed that PLC-beta 1 but not PLC-beta 4 was involved in the mAChR-mediated Ca2+ signaling in the SCN.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Mutant mice lacking ryanodine receptor type 3 exhibit deficits of contextual fear conditioning and activation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in the hippocampus.

As it is known that ryanodine receptor type 3 is expressed in the hippocampus, we examined the contribution of this receptor to contextual fear conditioning behavior and to the activation of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II using mice lacking the receptor. Ryanodine receptor type 3-deficient mice exhibited impairments of performance in the contextual fear conditioning test, passive avoidance test, and Y-maze learning test. Both the activities of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIbeta and Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIalpha were significantly increased in the experimental group compared to the control group in the hippocampus, but not in the cingulate cortex on the testing day 24 h after contextual fear training. However, the activities of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIbeta and alpha were almost the same in the experimental and control groups in the hippocampus on the training day. Ryanodine receptor type 3-deficient mice did not show the increment of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIbeta and alpha activities in the hippocampus on the testing day. In addition, these mutant mice showed the reduction of fear response in the elevated plus-maze test. The present results suggest that calcium-induced calcium release through the activation of ryanodine receptor type 3 in the hippocampus is important to the expression of the performance of contextual learning through the elevation of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIbeta and alpha activities.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Estrogen receptors in human myeloma cells.

It has recently been reported that the human myeloma cell line U266 proceeds to undergo apoptosis after cultivation with the antiestrogen tamoxifen, thus raising the possibility that antiestrogens may be candidates for use in myeloma therapy. To obtain basic information on the effects of antiestrogens on myeloma cells, we investigated the mRNA expression levels of estrogen receptor (ER)-alpha, ER-beta, and coactivators and corepressors in nine human myeloma cell lines and compared them with those of seven human breast cancer cell lines including four ER-positive and three ER-negative lines. The alterations in cell growth and mRNA expression of the target genes of ER or those of cytokines in the myeloma lines by estradiol or antiestrogens (tamoxifen and toremifene) were also investigated. In addition, effects on membrane Fas expression, appearance of apoptosis, and cell cycle perturbation were analyzed. It was revealed that ER-beta and corepressors were dominantly expressed in myeloma cells, and antiestrogens induced growth inhibition through apoptosis mediated by a Fas-related pathway and G1 arrest of the cell cycle in myeloma cell lines.

Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal↗
PubMed2000

Temperature mapping using the water proton chemical shift: self-referenced method with echo-planar spectroscopic imaging.

An echo-planar spectroscopic imaging method of temperature mapping is proposed. This method is sufficiently faster than the so-called 3D magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (3D-MRSI) method and does not require image subtractions, unlike the conventional phase mapping method when an internal reference signal is detectable. The water proton chemical shift measured by using the tissue lipid as an internal reference clearly visualized the temperature change in a porcine liver sample in vitro. It was also demonstrated that the internally referenced echo-planar spectroscopic imaging method could markedly reduce a temperature error caused by a simple, translational motion between scans compared with the phase-mapping method.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

A proposal for the histopathological diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast.

BACKGROUND: As the incidence of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is increasing, it is necessary to make a guideline for the pathological examination and diagnosis of DCIS, by creating criteria based on clinical and biological aspects of the disease. METHOD: We collected biopsy specimens originally diagnosed as benign lesions, from patients who subsequently developed invasive carcinoma in the ipsilateral breast. The histology of the biopsy specimens was re-evaluated principally according to the 1995 Philadelphia Consensus on DCIS. Histopathological agreement on each biopsy specimen was made by the JBCS Study Group members under a multiviewer microscope. In the course of making conclusive agreements among the pathologists, we developed a consensus for the histopathological diagnosis of DCIS, especially non-comedo types. RESULTS: DCIS is defined as a carcinoma of ductal epithelial origin, without any evidence of stromal invasion. It is necessary to note the methods of pathologic examination required to diagnose DCIS. Stromal invasion is an important prognostic factor, and should be diagnosed with caution. Classification of proliferative ductal lesions as benign or malignant (DCIS), the subtype of DCIS (nuclear grade, architecture, and necrosis), and the histological grading of DCIS are proposed and recommended. CONCLUSION: Although we have made a new proposal according to current concepts, there are still several unresolved problems. Thus further examination and modification will be necessary in the future.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2000

Glomerular structural changes and structural-functional relationships at early stage of diabetic nephropathy in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients.

Details of renal structural changes and structural-functional relationships at the early stage of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in type 2 diabetes are not well known. The present review focuses on these topics from previous studies using light and electron microscopic morphometric analysis. Glomerular hypertrophy, one of the histological changes in DN, is present in type 2 as well as in type 1 diabetic patients. However, mechanisms of increased glomerular size might be different from those in type 1 diabetes. Other typical glomerular changes, glomerular basement membrane thickening and mesangial expansion, are present in normoalbuminuric type 2 diabetic patients as a group. However, these parameters are similar between normo- and microalbuminuric patients. Renal structural-functional relationships cannot be seen in type 2 diabetic patients and therefore urinary albumin might not be a reliable indicator for glomerular structural changes in type 2 diabetic patients. Although previous reports showed reversibility of advanced diabetic glomerulosclerosis in type 1 diabetes by 10 years of strict glycemic control, there is no report regarding histological reversibility by therapeutic interventions in type 2 diabetic patients. In addition, it is unclear whether DN lesions are concordant or discordant with diabetic retinopathy grade in type 2 diabetes. From this information, renal structural changes or structural-functional relationships in type 2 diabetic patients might be heterogeneous and different from those in type 1 diabetic patients. Careful longitudinal study of renal structure and function including serial renal biopsy at the early stage of DN in type 2 diabetes is necessary.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2↗
PubMed2000

Immunohistochemical distribution of chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor II in human tissues.

Chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor II (COUP-TFII) is an orphan member of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily. The present study examines the immunohistochemical distribution of COUP-TFII in human adult tissues. In the reproductive and endocrine systems, COUP-TFII immunoreactivity was detected in the stroma, vascular endothelium and smooth muscle, while it was less frequent in adrenal 4 binding protein (Ad4BP) positive steroidogenic cells. In lung, COUP-TFII immunoreactivity was detected in the vascular endothelium of alveolar septae. In kidney, the glomerular endothelium and Bowman's capsule were immunopositive for COUP-TFII. COUP-TFII immunoreactivity in the gastro-intestinal tract, liver and spleen were detected in mesenchymal cells, sinusoid endothelium and reticuloendothelium, respectively. Results from this study demonstrated the detection of COUP-TFII immunoreactivity in all human tissues examined, especially in mesenchymal cells. The widespread expression of COUP-TFII suggests that COUP-TFII may play an important role in the function and homeostasis of various human tissues and organs.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Post-stimulus response in hemodynamics observed by functional magnetic resonance imaging--difference between the primary sensorimotor area and the supplementary motor area.

The blood oxygen level dependency (BOLD) contrast is a useful tool for functional neuroimaging based on the hemodynamic response to neuronal activation. We observed different hemodynamic responses in the BOLD signal between the primary sensorimotor area (SM1) and the supplementary motor area (SMA) in the sequential finger movement task. In the SMA, a stronger initial overshoot and a post-stimulus overshoot were observed. It was hypothesized from the time course analysis that the stronger initial overshoot reflected the activation of the SMA for motor control programming in the initial phase. Although the post-stimulus overshoot may be partially explained by cerebral blood flow (CBF) cerebral blood volume (CBV) uncoupling, its mechanism remained unknown. In the SM1, only the initial overshoot was observed and the level of BOLD signal was almost constant after the initial overshoot during the task period. These observations suggested that the BOLD signal is characterized by both CBF-CBV uncoupling and the neuronal activation characteristics in each region.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Recent advances in surgical pathology of adrenal incidentaloma.

Adrenal incidentaloma has recently increased in number because of the advances in radiologic diagnostic means. The clinical management and histopathological diagnosis of the resected adrenal mass has therefore become increasingly important. When evaluating the resected adrenal mass of the patients with adrenal incidentaloma, it is very important to evaluate the following aspects: 1) is the mass functional or not? 2) is the mass malignant or not? and 3) is the mass of adrenocortical origin or not? In this mini review, the recent advances in endocrine pathology of adrenal incidentaloma are briefly summarized, with emphasis on the three aspects above,

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed2000

Dissociation of writing processes: functional magnetic resonance imaging during writing of Japanese ideographic characters.

Dissociation between copying letters and writing to dictation has been reported in the clinical neuropsychological literature. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was conducted in normal volunteers to detect the neurofunctional differences between 'copying Kanji', the Japanese ideographic characters, and 'writing Kanji corresponding to phonological information'. Four tasks were conducted: the copying-Kanji task, the writing-Kanji-corresponding-to-phonogram task, the Kanji-grapheme-puzzle task, and the control task. The right superior parietal lobule was extensively activated during the copying-Kanji task (a model of the copying letters process) and the Kanji-grapheme-puzzle task. These observations suggested that this area was involved in referring the visual stimuli closely related to the ongoing handwriting movements. On the other hand, Broca's area, which is crucial for language production, was extensively activated during the writing-Kanji-corresponding-to-phonogram task (a model of the writing-to-dictation process). The Kanji-grapheme-puzzle task activated the bilateral border portions between the inferior parietal lobule and the occipital lobe, the left premotor area, and the bilateral supplementary motor area (SMA). Since the Kanji-grapheme-puzzle task involved manipulospatial characteristics, these results suggested cooperation between visuospatial and motor executive functions, which may be extensively utilized in demanding visual language processing. The neurofunctional difference between 'copying Kanji' and 'writing Kanji corresponding to phonogram' was efficiently demonstrated by this fMRI experiment.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Immunohistochemical analysis of Ki-67, p53, p21, and p27 in benign and malignant apocrine lesions of the breast: its correlation to histologic findings in 43 cases.

We examined Ki-67, p53, p21, and p27 immunolocalization in 43 cases of apocrine lesions of the breast and correlated these findings with histologic parameters to understand their biologic significance. Twenty cases were benign, 1 case was borderline, and 22 cases were diagnosed as malignant, including 9 intraductal and 13 invasive apocrine carcinomas. Both the ratio of Ki-67-positive cases (17 of 21 [88.9%] versus 1 of 19 [5.3%]; P < .001) and the Ki-67 labeling index of positive cases examined (15.0% versus 2.7%; P < .005) were significantly higher in malignant than in benign apocrine lesions. None of the benign or borderline cases was immunohistochemically positive for p53, but 15 of 22 malignant cases (68.2%) demonstrated p53 (P < .001). In addition, the ratio of p53-positive cases was significantly higher in high nuclear grade cases (11 of 13 [84.6%]) than in intermediate nuclear grade cases (4 of 9 [44.4%]; P < .05). P53 immunoreactivity was also positively correlated with the nuclear grade of carcinoma cases examined in this study. Neither p21 nor p27 demonstrated any correlation with histologic parameters or findings of the apocrine lesions. Results of these studies suggest that Ki-67 and p53 may be good markers for differentiation between benign and malignant breast apocrine lesions.

Apocrine Glands↗
PubMed2000

Inhibitory action of brotizolam on circadian and light-induced per1 and per2 expression in the hamster suprachiasmatic nucleus.

Triazolam reportedly causes phase advances in hamster wheel-running rhythm after injection during subjective daytime. However, it is unclear whether benzodiazepine affects the PER: gene expression accompanying a behavioural phase shift. Brotizolam (0.5 - 10 mg kg(-1)) induced large phase advances in hamster rhythm when injected during mid-subjective daytime (circadian time 6 or 9), but not at circadian time 0, 3 or 15. Brotizolam (5 mg kg(-1)) significantly reduced the expression of PER:1 and PER:2 in the suprachiasmatic nucleus 1 and 2 h after injection at circadian time 6, and slightly reduced them at circadian time 20. Injection of 8-OH-DPAT (5 mg kg(-1)) at subjective daytime induced similar phase advances with a reduction of PER:1 and PER:2 expression. Co-administration of brotizolam with 8-OH DPAT failed to potentiate the 8-OH DPAT-induced phase advances and reduced PER: expression. Both phase advance and rapid induction of PER:1 and PER:2 in the suprachiasmatic nucleus after light exposure (5 lux, 15 min) at circadian time 20 was strongly attenuated by co-treatment with brotizolam 5 mg kg(-1). The present results strongly suggest that reduction of PER:1 and/or PER:2 expression during subjective daytime by brotizolam may be an important step in causing a behavioural phase advance. The co-administration experiment suggests that common mechanism(s) are involved in brotizolam- or 8-OH DPAT-induced phase advances and the reduction of PER: gene expression. These results suggest that brotizolam is not only a good drug for insomnia but also a drug capable of facilitating re-entrainment like melatonin.

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin↗
PubMed2000

Endomyometriosis arising in the uterosacral ligament: a case report including a literature review and immunohistochemical analysis.

We report a case of endomyometriosis arising in the left uterosacral ligament of a 29-year-old woman. The central cavity of the uterine-like mass was lined by pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium and endometrial stroma. The wall of the cyst consisted of bundles of smooth muscle cells. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated both alpha-estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor immunoreactivities in the epithelial, stromal and smooth muscle cells. A relatively high proliferating activity was also demonstrated in these cells by Ki-67 immunostaining. These findings suggest that the mass was hormone dependent and had a relatively rapid evolution.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

An autopsy case of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome with massive pulmonary edema and pleural effusion.

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is the most serious complication of ovulation induction with exogenous gonadotropins, such as human menopausal gonadotropin and follicle-stimulating hormone. These hormones are considered to increase capillary permeability and cause third space fluid shift. We report an autopsy case of severe OHSS in a 28-year-old Japanese female. The patient developed bilateral chest pain and progressive dyspnea during the course of administration of human gonadotropins. Pleural effusion and hypouresis clinically disappeared 4 days after the onset of the symptoms, but the patient died suddenly of rapid respiratory insufficiency. Autopsy examination revealed massive pulmonary edema, intra-alveolar hemorrhage and pleural effusion without any evidence of pulmonary thromboembolism. Histopathological examination of the ovary demonstrated multiple well-developed follicle formations, consistent with OHSS. It is very important to recognize that massive pulmonary edema can occur in a patient with OHSS. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first autopsy report of a patient with severe OHSS.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Close linkage between calcium/calmodulin kinase II alpha/beta and NMDA-2A receptors in the lateral amygdala and significance for retrieval of auditory fear conditioning.

The general mechanism underlying memory and learning is an area under intense investigation and debate, yet this mechanism still remains elusive. Auditory fear conditioning (when a tone is paired with a foot shock) is a simple associative form of learning for which many mechanistic details are known. Lesions of the lateral/basolateral nuclei of the amygdala result in the selective impairment of fear conditioning, indicating that this is a key region for this type of learning. Fear conditioning induces a lasting synaptic potentiation in the lateral nuclei of the amygdala. In addition, recent results from several laboratories suggest that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation in the amygdala is required for the acquisition and expression of cue-conditioned fear responses using several kinds of antagonists. Little is known, however, about the signal transduction pathway and molecular substrate underlying fear conditioning. Here we use NMDA receptor-deficient mice to demonstrate that calmodulin-dependent kinase II, CaMKIIbeta, and CaMKIIalpha activation involves the NR2A subunit in the lateral/basolateral amygdala during memory retrieval following auditory fear conditioning. These results suggest that auditory fear conditioning involves a close linkage between NMDA2A receptors and the CaMKII cascade.

Acoustic Stimulation↗