Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

T Morishima

Publications and source records attributed to T Morishima.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Human papillomavirus type 60-associated plantar wart. Ridged wart.

BACKGROUND: We had recently cloned a new cutaneous human papillomavirus type 60 (HPV-60) from a plantar cyst with characteristic pathologic changes and identified it in additional cysts. However, it is not known whether or not HPV-60 infection causes the other cutaneous lesions. OBSERVATIONS: Six plantar warts were found in five patients. These warts were found either with concomitant plantar cysts (four patients) or without an accompanying cyst (one patient). All warts showed a similar clinical appearance, including a smooth and slightly elevated surface and the retained appearance of the dermal ridges. Their histopathologic features were identical to those found in the wall of the cysts reported previously, namely hyperkeratosis with vacuolated structure with or without nuclei in the horny layer and amorphous eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions in the cells with peripherally located nuclei in the granular and prickle cell layers. By Southern blot analysis, all warts were found to harbor HPV-60 DNA. In addition, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization analysis revealed the presence of viral capsid antigen and viral genome in these lesions, respectively. CONCLUSION: We conclude that HPV-60 infection on the plantar skin causes the warty lesion, designated as ridged wart, distinct from those infected with other cutaneous human papillomaviruses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

An AP-1 enhancer mediates TPA-induced transcriptional activation of the chicken insulin-like growth factor I gene.

As a step to elucidate a role of protein kinase C(PKC) pathways in the regulation of insulin-like growth factor I(IGF-I) gene, we sought to determine whether the IGF-I gene promoter of chicken can be a target of regulation by PKC. An initial gene transfer study showed that, in a human cell line HepG2, the IGF-I gene promoter directs accurate transcription of IGF-I-luciferase fusion gene and enhances luciferase activity. Treatment of transfected cells with 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate(TPA) increased promoter activity of 2100 and 600bp 5'-flanking sequence 4.9- and 3.6-fold, respectively. Site-directed mutagenesis in the AP-1-like sequence located within the 600bp resulted in 91% loss of its TPA-induced promoter activity, and a gel mobility-shift analysis revealed that TPA-stimulation of HepG2 cells caused a dramatic increase in specific protein-binding to the AP-1-like sequence, suggesting that the sequence functions as an AP-1 enhancer. These observations support a direct role for PKC pathways in activating the IGF-I gene promoter in chicken.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Quantitative analysis of herpes simplex virus DNA in cerebrospinal fluid of children with herpes simplex encephalitis.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of children with herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) was quantified and typed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. During the acute phase, HSV-DNA was detected in the CSF of 13 patients with HSE, including 5 neonates. A restriction profile of the PCR products cleaved with the restriction enzymes XhoI and BglII showed that 2 neonatal samples were HSV-2, and the remainder were HSV-1. The amount of HSV-DNA in the initial CSF ranged from 10(2)-10(5) copies/ml. A significantly greater number of HSV-DNA copies was detected in neonates than in older children (mean 3.9 vs. 2.5, log 10 copies/ml p < .05). Except for one patient, the amount of HSV-DNA decreased gradually with acyclovir therapy. These results show that a quantitative PCR assay is applicable not only to the diagnosis of HSE but also for monitoring the response to antiviral drugs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

T-cell receptor V alpha region usage in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with mumps meningitis.

To investigate clonality of local T cells in viral infections of the central nervous system, the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire was evaluated in T cells from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of nine patients with mumps meningitis, using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The usage of the variable region of TCR alpha chain gene (V alpha gene) in the CSF was widespread, and an average of 13 out of the 18 V alpha families were expressed. Quantitative PCR analyses showed that the V alpha gene expression was biased toward three or less V alpha families in the CSF of each patient. When compared with peripheral blood T cells, the average percentages of V alpha 11 and V alpha 12 gene expression were significantly higher in the CSF than in the peripheral blood. These results suggested that mumps-specific T lymphocytes with a restricted TCR repertoire are selectively recruited to the central nervous system in mumps meningitis, although polyclonal, probably nonspecific, T-cell populations are present in the CSF.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Preoperative diagnosis of malignant melanoma using the touch-fluorescence method.

We have developed a touch-fluorescence method using preparations from the outer surface of elevated and ulcerative malignant melanoma lesions. This method allows the demonstration of the melanogenic activity of melanoma cells within 30 min and has made it possible to definitively diagnose a lesion as malignant melanoma at the initial examination. In 21 cases clinically diagnosed as typical melanoma, 17 were definitively diagnosed as melanoma from the touch-fluorescence microscopic findings. Of the four cases in which no fluorescent tumor cells were found, two proved not to be melanoma. There was some correlation between the morbid types of primary melanoma and the configuration of fluorescent melanoma cells, the main cellular configuration of superficial spreading melanoma being round whereas that of nodular melanoma and acral lentigenous melanoma was pleomorphic. Based on the above results, this method was concluded to be extremely reliable for the preoperative diagnosis of elevated and ulcerative lesions of malignant melanomas, which are sometimes difficult to diagnose.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Effects of interferon-alpha on serum hepatitis C virus in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

Interferon is beneficial in some patients with chronic hepatitis C. To assess the efficacy of interferon, we used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to measure HCV RNA in serial serum samples from 13 chronic hepatitis C patients who were treated with interferon-alpha. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values normalized in association with the disappearance of serum HCV RNA in nine cases during the therapy. Serum HCV remained negative after the therapy in the three patients who had no relapse, while serum HCV RNA reappeared in the six patients with elevation of ALT values. The persistence of normal ALT levels appears to be correlated with the clearance of the serum HCV. There were two patients whose ALT became normal immediately after the cessation of interferon. Serum HCV was detectable at the end of treatment when serum ALT was elevated, and thereafter serum HCV disappeared. This result suggests an immunomodulatory effect of interferon in the clearance of HCV in some cases. Furthermore, the semiquantitative PCR assay showed that all five patients in whom ALT values were normal at the end of follow-up without detectable serum HCV genome had lower HCV titers in the pretreatment sera than the other eight patients. The detection of HCV RNA by the PCR assay is useful in determining the efficacy of interferon and its mechanisms.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Clinical usefulness of a non-wiping type glucose meter in diabetic patients.

A non-wiping type glucose meter using electrochemistry was developed. The glucose sensor strip has a sophisticated micro-structure for aspirating blood automatically. The meter compensates for drift of sensor output due to temperature change of the atmosphere. Mounting blood on the sensing site and wiping blood and precise time are no longer required. Range of measurement is 40-500 mg/dl. Reading of the meter for standard solutions of 90 or 360 mg/dl glucose showed negligible drift of measurement from 10.5 degrees C to 38.5 degrees C. The correlation between plasma glucose concentrations as determined by the meter and that by a Glucose Analyzer 2 was 0.995 with a slope of 1.00 and intercept of -0.65 (n = 48). In the case of blood glucose concentration (Y), the values were Y = 1.06X-0.91, r = 0.987, n = 62. This meter is quite easy to use and is highly accurate for glucose monitoring in patients regardless of operation skill. It should thus be readily applicable to diabetic patients.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1993

Patterns of hepatitis B virus DNA integration in liver tissue of children with chronic infections.

Although an integration of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in children with chronic HBV infection has been documented at early phases of the disease, the incidence of this process is not known. Therefore we examined nine liver DNA specimens from chronic HBV carriers ages 5-14 years and one sample from a neonate delivered of a carrier mother, in order to determine the HBV DNA patterns of these patients at different ages and phases of chronic infection. The integrated HBV DNA was detected by Southern blot hybridization and analyzed by molecular cloning. Southern blot showed a smear pattern of HBV DNA integration in four of six chronic hepatitis patients (ages 5-14), as well as in one asymptomatic carrier (age 12). Multiple and random integrations occurred during chronic infections in childhood. The neonate did not, however, show signs of any integrations, suggesting that integration starts after HBV multiplication. A band pattern that suggested clonal growth of integrated liver cells was found in a chronic active hepatitis patient (age 9) and in one of two hepatocellular carcinoma patients (age 11). Molecular cloning in two cases with chronic active hepatitis showed that the HBV genome structure was preserved in five of six HBV DNA inserts. Our findings confirm that HBV DNA integration can occur at early stages of chronic HBV infection. In Japanese children, the process of integration seems to be common regardless of HBeAg/anti-HBe status.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Serum amyloid A protein in acute viral infections.

Concentrations of serum amyloid A protein (SAA) were measured in 254 children with viral diseases, including measles, varicella, rubella, mumps, echo-30 meningitis, chronic hepatitis B and C, and in eight with Kawasaki disease. Latex agglutination nephelometric immunoassay was used for assaying SAA. In 191 out of 195 patients (98%), SAA concentrations became markedly raised in the acute phase of the viral disease: measles (97%), varicella (100%), mumps (95%), and echo-30 meningitis (99%) with mean titres of 82.4, 80.5, 60.2, 75.2, and 101.1 micrograms/ml respectively. This increase in SAA was followed by a rapid return to normal concentrations (< 5 micrograms/ml) during convalescence. Remarkably higher concentrations of SAA (mean 1630 micrograms/ml) were detected in the acute phase of patients with Kawasaki disease, but in most of the children with chronic hepatitis B or C, the titres of SAA remained normal. There was no close correlation between SAA and serum concentrations for alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, beta 2-microglobulin, transferrin, and IgG. There was a clear correlation between SAA and C reactive protein concentrations, although SAA showed a greater incremental change than C reactive protein in the acute phase. In the acute phase of these viral diseases, 56% of the patients had raised SAA concentrations (> or = 5 micrograms/ml) with normal C reactive protein concentrations (< 5 micrograms/ml). These results indicate that SAA could be useful as an inflammatory marker in children with acute viral infections.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

[Herpes simplex encephalitis].

Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is a severe disease with high mortality and morbidity. As effective antiviral therapy improves the outcome of younger patients, the early diagnosis of the disease has become important, especially in children. The annual incidence of HSE in Japan among children is estimated to be about 100-200 cases, and the mortality is 10-20%. Instead of brain biopsy, we applied the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to the early diagnosis. The DNA of herpes simplex virus was detectable in CSF of all HSE patients in the acute phase. Serial quantitation of viral genome by PCR also revealed that the amount of DNA decreased gradually corresponding to antiviral therapy, and it turned to be negative 3 to 18 days after the onset of neurological signs and symptoms (mean 10.1 days). These results show the PCR assay is a useful diagnostic tool for the early and non-invasive diagnosis of HSE.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1992

Hepatitis C virus infection in hepatocellular carcinoma. Detection of plus-strand and minus-strand viral RNA.

BACKGROUND: Although serum antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) is found in many patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, the actual roles of HCV in carcinogenesis are unknown. METHODS: With reverse transcription followed by the polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), HCV RNA was examined in the sera and liver tissues of 16 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who did not have hepatitis B virus markers, 13 of whom had anti-HCV. RESULTS: In the 13 patients with anti-HCV, the HCV genomic plus-strand RNA was detected more frequently in noncancerous tissues (8 patients, 61.5%) and in sera (6 patients, 46.2%) than in cancerous tissues (3 patients, 23.1%). No viral RNA was found in either sera or tissues in the three patients without anti-HCV. By using a sense primer for the RT in the RT-PCR assay, amplification was attempted of a putative complementary minus-strand RNA that is believed to reflect viral replication in the eight patients with the plus-strand RNA. The minus-strand RNA was found in the noncancerous tissues of six patients; it was not detected in the cancerous tissues. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that HCV can infect and replicate predominantly in noncancerous cells but rarely in tumor cells.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Detection of hepatitis C virus by polymerase chain reaction and response to interferon-alpha therapy: relationship to genotypes of hepatitis C virus.

To investigate the relationship between genotypes of hepatitis C virus and response to interferon-alpha therapy, hepatitis C virus RNA was assayed by polymerase chain reaction with three sets of primers and probes in 70 patients with non-A, non-B chronic hepatitis who received interferon-alpha. Twenty-four patients sustained long-term remissions (complete responders). Polymerase chain reaction for 5'-terminal noncoding region detected hepatitis C virus RNA in 94.3% (66 of 70) of the patients. Polymerase chain reaction for nonstructural region 3, in which primers and a probe were synthesized to be identical to hepatitis C virus-J, detected hepatitis C virus RNA in 40 patients. Polymerase chain reaction for nonstructural region 5-in which sequences of primers and a probe were derived from hepatitis C virus-K2, a genotype different from hepatitis C virus-J--detected hepatitis C virus RNA in 17 patients. Only one patient was positive on both nonstructural region 3 and nonstructural region 5 polymerase chain reaction. Nucleotide sequence of clones obtained from 5' terminal noncoding region polymerase chain reaction products of two patients positive on polymerase chain reaction for nonstructural region 3 and negative on polymerase chain reaction for nonstructural region 5 (group 1) corresponded to that of the hepatitis C virus-J group, and those of clones from two patients negative on polymerase chain reaction for nonstructural region 3 and positive on polymerase chain reaction for nonstructural region 5 (group 2) corresponded to that of hepatitis C virus-K2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Correlation between detection of anti-viral antibody and histopathological disease activity in an epidemic of hepatitis C.

There was an epidemic of non-A non-B hepatitis in a small area of a town in the central part of Japan, which began with an outbreak of several patients in 1981 and then spread extensively with the result that about one third of the inhabitants showed abnormality in serum liver function tests at the health check performed in 1985. We determined histological diagnoses on that occasion for 167 individuals of the abnormal population and recently assayed antibodies against hepatitis C virus (HCV) for most of their sera left available. Histologically, chronic active hepatitis (CAH) was the major pattern, accounting for 59.3% (99 cases) of the total. Others were chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) (13.2%), chronic lobular hepatitis (CLH) (16.2%), liver cirrhosis (LC) (6.6%) and fatty liver (4.8%). In the serological studies, the newly developed system to detect antibodies against the viral core protein p 22 was found to be much more sensitive than the conventional system to detect anti C 100-3 antibodies. By using these two methods in combination, we found that 82% were antibody-positive, indicating strong implication of HCV in this epidemic. This was further supported by direct detection of the viral genome in patients' sera by polymerase chain reaction following reverse transcription. We further found a strong correlation between the histological inflammatory activity and the antibody prevalence, since nearly all (97.6%) of the CAH cases were antibody-positive by at least either of the antibody assays, while only about 50% were positive in the less active cases such as CPH and CLH.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Quantitation of cytomegalovirus DNA in lung tissue of bone marrow transplant recipients.

Five bone marrow transplant recipients who died of respiratory failure were retrospectively analyzed with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for pulmonary cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Two patients had CMV interstitial pneumonitis according to the virus isolation and the histologic and immunofluorescent examinations of the lungs, while the other three patients had non-CMV diseases (ie, idiopathic interstitial pneumonitis, pulmonary aspergillosis, or Streptococcus mitis septicemia). Cytomegalovirus DNA was amplified from the postmortem lung tissue with PCR. The PCR assay showed apparent PCR signals specific to CMV DNA in the two patients with CMV pneumonitis. In contrast, CMV DNA was hardly detectable or undetectable in the three patients without CMV disease. With quantitative PCR assay the initial CMV copy number in the lung tissue of the two patients with CMV pneumonitis was more than 10(4) copies/micrograms DNA and was over 1,000-fold more than that of the three patients without CMV pneumonitis. These results show that quantitative PCR assay could be useful as a diagnostic measure for pulmonary CMV infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

5-S-cysteinyldopa in urine and tumors.

1) The urinary 5-S-CD contents in malignant melanoma subjects (n = 135) and non-melanoma subjects (n = 204) were measured by HPLC. These results suggest that, as a biochemical marker, periodic measurement of urinary 5-S-CD is quite useful for evaluating the determinations of stage classification (UICC, 1987), and the detection of metastases, the therapeutic efficacy of operation or immunochemotherapy against malignant melanoma. 2) Quantitative analyses of 5-S-CD values in tissues from primary malignant melanoma lesions (n = 24) and pigmentary tumors other than melanomas (n = 136) showed 80.6-821.4 ng/mg and N.D.-55.0 ng/mg respectively. In view of the above findings, it was suggested that the pigmentary tumors can be diagnosed as malignant melanoma if the 5-S-CD value in the tissues is higher than 100 ng/mg.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1992

Transfer of specific IgG and IgG subclasses to herpes simplex virus across the blood-brain barrier and placenta in preterm and term newborns.

The kinetics of virus-specific IgG subclasses (IgG 1-4) among newborns and their mothers has not yet been determined. In this report, we examined anti-herpes simplex virus IgG activities (HSV-IgG) and its subclasses in CSF and serum of premature or term newborns without HSV infection and in the serum of their mothers using ELISA. We found that CSF/serum ratios of HSV-IgG and IgG subclasses (IgG 1-4) in newborns with a gestational age less than 38 weeks were higher than those of term newborns. These findings indicate that the blood-brain barrier against HSV-IgG and IgG subclasses is insufficient in newborns. Furthermore, we found that HSV-IgG subclasses, which were transferred across the placenta and later transferred across the blood-brain barrier had a tendency to be proportional to each of the maternal HSV-IgG subclasses.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1992

Posthepatic rate of appearance of insulin: measurement and validation in the nonsteady state.

To assess the accuracy with which insulin appearance rates in the peripheral circulation can be measured out of steady state, seven conscious dogs were simultaneously infused with somatostatin and insulin at known variable rates. Tritiated insulin was infused concurrently at a constant rate. Insulin rates of appearance were estimated continuously on the basis of a two-compartment model for systemic insulin kinetics. The calculations were performed assuming that insulin kinetics were linear (tracer data not used) and nonlinear or time varying (tracer data used to assess the variation). The average error in areas under the curve was -3.5 +/- 2.5 and 27.0 +/- 14.2% when nonlinear or linear kinetics were assumed. The maximal errors when linearity was assumed was 39.9 +/- 11.3% and decreased to 16.3 +/- 2.6% when the tracer data was used to account for changes in the fractional removal rate of insulin. The accuracy of the linear estimates improved as the fractional removal rate remained closer to constant. These data suggest that a priori assumptions should not be made on the linearity of the insulin system in a given experimental situation.

Animals↗