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Biomedical subjects

T Morikawa

Publications and source records attributed to T Morikawa.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

A prospective WISC-R study in children with epilepsy.

A prospective intraindividual study of WISC-R testing in the 45 children with epilepsy revealed that: 1) antiepileptic drugs, phenobarbital in particular, resulted in a detrimental effect on the WISC-R scores, 2) of the WISC-R subtests, vocabulary tasks of the verbal test were the most susceptible indicators in children whose FSIQ scores either improved or deteriorated, and 3) in children whose antiepileptic drug dosage remained unchanged while the seizure frequency remained unchanged, both the VIQ and PIQ scores decreased. It was evident that either recurrent seizures or inappropriate medication may exert a detrimental effect on intelligence as expressed by the WISC-R testing. In addition, the possibility that the underlying cerebral pathology associated with the etiology of epilepsy may play a role in a progressive intellectual deterioration was suggested.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗
PubMed1988

An assessment of nasal functions in control of breathing.

Breathing pattern and steady-state CO2 ventilatory response during mouth breathing were compared with those during nose breathing in nine healthy adults. In addition, the effect of warming and humidification of the inspired air on the ventilatory response was observed during breathing through a mouthpiece. We found the following. 1) Dead space and airway resistance were significantly greater during nose than during mouth breathing. 2) The slope of CO2 ventilatory responses did not differ appreciably during the two types of breathing, but CO2 occlusion pressure response was significantly enhanced during nose breathing. 3) Inhalation of warm and humid air through a mouthpiece significantly depressed CO2 ventilation and occlusion pressure responses. These results fit our observation that end-tidal PCO2 was significantly higher during nose than during mouth breathing. It is suggested that a loss of nasal functions, such as during nasal obstruction, may result in lowering of CO2, fostering apneic spells during sleep.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Relationships among panic-fear personality, aging, and ventilatory activity.

We have studied 204 healthy male subjects ranging in age from 20 to 59 years. They were divided into four 10-year age groups. Each age group was further divided into 2 subgroups with high and low Panic-Fear scores. The ventilatory activities of all the groups were compared. In the younger generation (20-39 years), the low PF group revealed a higher slope in CO2 response curve than the high PF group (p less than 0.05). This result was considered to be related to the difference in CO2 production between the two groups. In the older age groups, however, the high PF subjects exhibited a tendency to increase the CO2 response slope with increasing ages. This contradictory result was thought to be due to the age dependent change in biogenic amine activity.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Respiratory and cardiac responses to dynamic exercise in man.

Ventilation (VE), cardiac output (Q), oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), and end tidal gas tensions (PETO2 and PETCO2) were measured in four healthy men during stepwise, steady state increases in work rate on a bicycle ergometer (25, 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 W). Both the ventilation equivalent (VE/VCO2) and the cardiac equivalent (Q/VCO2) for carbon dioxide, fell during a steady state exercise at 150 W to 2/3 and to 1/3 of the initial levels, respectively. This stepwise reduction in the carbon dioxide production with increasing work rate was compatible with a non-chemical stimulus increasing in proportion to work rate, and governing both ventilation and circulation. These observations do not support the cardio-dynamic hypothesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Brady- and tachycardia in light of the Valsalva and the Mueller maneuver (apnea).

With a computerized impedance cardiograph we measured stroke volume (sv), cardiac output and heart rate (HR) in four men, during apnea with positive or negative intrapulmonic pressure (i.e., Valsalva and Mueller maneuver) in air. During Valsalva maneuvers the sv was reduced, and the compensatory rise in HR failed to keep the cardiac output at the control level before apnea. During both types of apnea, the diastolic pressure was increased as was the total peripheral resistance (TPR). The vasoconstriction and tachycardia during Valsalva maneuvers can be explained as a sino-aortic baroreceptor phenomenon in man. The smaller changes occurring during Mueller maneuvers result in no change in the transmural arterial pressure in the thorax, compared to the control level. Thus, without a stimulus there is no change in heart rate. The alveolar oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide elimination during apnea at total lung capacity was much larger than in the control phase before both types of apnea. The arteriolar vasoconstriction with increased TPR during the Valsalva apnea, was accompanied by a reduction in the stroke work of the left ventricle to approximately 50% of the work in the control phase.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Two cases of IBL-like T-cell lymphoma showing helper/inducer characteristics].

Two cases of an IBL-like T-cell lymphoma are reported, in one case of which the histological changes could be observed throughout its course. Although both cases were difficult to differentiate from true IBL in their early stage, focal proliferation of pale cells appeared in their first specimens and gradually, the characteristics of lymphoma grew manifest. Immunohistochemical studies of both cases revealed lymphoma cells having the characteristics of helper/inducer T lymphocytes. Electron-Microscopic examination showed no particular differences in the morphology of the tumor cells between our case and the case previously reported as being an IBL-like T-cell lymphoma of a suppressor/cytotoxic character.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

[An autopsy case of parotid clear cell carcinoma with cerebellar invasion and metastasis to the lung].

An autopsy case of a clear cell carcinoma of the salivary gland with a cerebellum invasion and a metastasis to the lung is reported. This case has been classified as a monomorphic variant, although we were unable to demonstrate the presence of glycogens in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells. Ultrastructurally, most of the proliferating cells were immature cells with few organelles. The tumor cells were unable to be differentiated into ductal cells and myoepithelial cells. Recently, the tumor has been determined to be a low grade malignancy. Obviously, this tumor had a malignant character, with a cerebellum invasion and a metastasis to the lung.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

[A case of eosinophilic granuloma of the lymph nodes].

A case of eosinophilic granuloma of the lymph nodes is reported. Two finger-tip-sized masses were recognized in the left postauricular region in a 4-month-old female. Both masses had distended peripheral sinuses occupied by proliferating cells with nuclear indentation. These foci were accompanied with a central necrosis and eosinophils that had infiltrated into the dermis, and were observed also in the efferent lymph duct. Immunohistochemically these cells were positive for S 100 beta, OKT 4, and OKT 6, and were weakly positive for S 100 alpha. These findings suggest that proliferating cells in the T-zone histiocyte lineage might have been somewhat different in this case from usual cases of eosinophilic granuloma.

Eosinophilic Granuloma↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of two synthetic progesterones on ventilation in normal males: CMA vs. MPA.

We administered chlormadinone acetate (CMA), medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), and placebo to 16 normal male subjects using a randomized double-blind crossover study. After CMA administration, minute alveolar ventilation increased by +1.04 +/- 0.22 (SE) 1/min (P less than 0.05) accompanied by decrements of arterial PCO2 (-4.0 +/- 1.0 Torr) (P less than 0.01) and [HCO3-] (-2.1 +/- 0.05 mM/l) (P less than 0.01). On the other hand, in the MPA runs the corresponding changes of the above parameters were +0.71 +/- 0.21 l/min (P less than 0.05), -2.9 +/- 0.6 Torr (P less than 0.01), and -1.3 +/- 0.3 mM/l (P less than 0.01), respectively. The slopes of hypoxic ventilatory and occlusion pressure response lines remained unchanged in hypocapnia after CMA or MPA ingestion, but they increased when entidal PCO2 was adjusted to the predrug level. The hypercapnic ventilatory and occlusion pressure response lines merely shifted to the left without changing their slopes with these agents. No significant differences in all the above parameters were found between CMA and MPA runs. We concluded that in the normal males the effect of CMA on ventilation was similar to that of MPA, despite the fact that the luteinizing activity of CMA was reported to be approximately 10 times higher than the latter.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Functional partial epilepsies in childhood.

Out of the 314 children with partial epilepsies below the age of 15 who had been followed for more than 5 years, 122 children with functional partial epilepsies (FPE) were the subjects of this study. The specific modality of interictal EEG findings reminiscent of that of the Rolandic spikes (Dalla Bernardina, 1982, 1984) was compared between functional and organic partial epilepsies. The results were: 1) One hundred and twenty-two patients were found to have FPE out of a total of 314 patients (39%). 2) Fifty-five patients were diagnosed as typical benign epilepsy of children with centro-temporal EEG foci (BECCT) of the 122 functional cases (45%). The remaining 67 patients who defied the diagnostic criteria of BECCT were; 9 cases with frontal EEG focus (7%), 11 cases with central and/or midtemporal EEG foci (9%), 10 cases with occipital EEG focus (8%) and 14 cases with multiple foci (11%). 3) Unfavorable seizure control was observed in cases with frontal foci (44%) and with multiple EEG foci (64%) compared with those whose EEG focus was located in the centro-midtemporal area, (including BECCT; 98%) and in the occipital region (80%). 4) It was noteworthy that the recurrent interictal spikes similar to those of the Rolandic spikes (Dalla Bernardina) were found in more than 50% of the patients not only with functional but with organic partial epilepsies. Our results, at least at the present time, appear to indicate that the recurrent spikes never did signify the benignancy of the seizure prognosis. The importance of differential diagnosis of BECCT from FPE was specifically stressed.

Brain↗
PubMed1986

H1 action of histamine on aldosterone and cortisol secretion by perfused dog adrenal.

The left adrenal of hypophysectomized-nephrectomized dogs was perfused in situ with artificial medium equilibrated with 95% O2-5% CO2. Repeated secretory responses of aldosterone to ACTH and histamine were almost reproducible during 2 h of perfusion, but those of cortisol and corticosterone gradually reduced. The secretion of aldosterone in response to histamine markedly increased at 1 microM and those of cortisol and corticosterone significantly increased at 1 and 10 microM, respectively. The secretory response of aldosterone to 10 microM histamine was comparable with that to 300 microU/ml ACTH, but the secretory responses of cortisol and corticosterone to 10 microM histamine were very much lower than those to 1 microU/ml ACTH. The secretory responses of these three steroids to 10 microM histamine were almost completely depressed by continuous administration of 10 microM pyrilamine maleate, but not abolished by that of 100 microM metiamide. The secretory responses of these three steroids to 10 microM histamine were slightly depressed by continuous infusion of 10 microM methysergide maleate. These results suggest that histamine at pathophysiological concentrations stimulates the secretion of aldosterone markedly, and those of cortisol and corticosterone slightly, via an H1 receptor of adrenocortical cells in the dog.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1986

Effect of airway anaesthesia on the ventilatory and heart rate responses to isocapnic progressive hypoxia.

The effect of airway anaesthesia by lidocaine inhalation on the hypoxic ventilatory response was examined together with the heart rate response by the isocapnic progressive hypoxia test in human subjects. During the test, end-tidal PCO2 (PETCO2) was maintained at the resting level. However, because resting PETCO2 tends to decrease by airway anaesthesia, we conducted the test at the resting PETCO2 determined both before (normocapnic) and after lidocaine (hypocapnic). Ventilatory and heart rate response were evaluated as a linear function of oxygen saturation of the arterial blood (SaO2). In the "hypocapnic" runs, ventilatory responses tended to be depressed, while the slope of heart rate response-PETCO2 relationship increased after lidocaine. However, when PETCO2 was restored to the normocapnic level, ventilation apparently increased from the control, and the augmented slope in the heart rate response disappeared. Although the elevated ventilation in normocapnic hypoxia might be due simply to the increased ventilatory response to CO2, we suggested that the augmented slope in the heart rate response in hypocapnic hypoxia might be related not only to PETCO2 level itself but also to the direct effect of airway anaesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Augmented ventilatory activities after airway anaesthesia in humans.

The effect of airway anaesthesia by nebulization of 4% lidocaine was studied in 14 healthy human subjects. After airway anaesthesia, a small but significant increase in forced vital capacity and a decrease in expiratory peak flow rate were observed in the pulmonary function test. Blood gas analysis revealed the appreciable depression in arterial oxygen tension. This change was accompanied by the increased alveolar/arterial oxygen tension difference (p less than 0.01) and increased oxygen uptake (p less than 0.01). Resting respiratory rate increased. Although minute ventilation was not changed, mouth occlusion pressure (P0.2) was significantly elevated. Hypercapnic ventilatory responses were augmented, both in terms of VE/PETCO2 and P0.2/PETCO2 slopes. The load compensation ratio, expressed as P0.2 loaded/P0.2 unloaded at rest, was reduced. These results suggested that preferential blockade of vagally mediated pulmonary stretch receptors by airway anaesthesia rather than the irritant receptors may have resulted in augmentation in ventilatory activities.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Novel peptides with orally active and long-lasting antihypertensive activity.

A series of N-(P-substituted phosphinoyl)peptides were synthesized and their antihypertensive activities were tested in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Among them, N-(dibenzyloxyphosphinoyl)-L-Ala-L-Pro-L-Pro-OH showed the most potent and long-lasting antihypertensive activity in SHR when administered orally. Although the inhibitory activity of this peptide against the angiotensin-converting enzyme was about one-hundredth of that of Captopril, the antihypertensive activity in SHR was significantly higher and longer-lasting than that of Enalapril which has been reported to be the most potent agent among similar converting enzyme inhibitors.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗