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Biomedical subjects

T Miyazaki

Publications and source records attributed to T Miyazaki.

At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Direct evidence for the contribution of the unique I-ANOD to the development of insulitis in non-obese diabetic mice.

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is characterized by the infiltration of lymphocytes into the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas (insulitis) followed by destruction of insulin-secreting beta-cells leading to overt diabetes. The best model for the disease is the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse. Two unusual features of the class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of the NOD mouse are the absence of I-E and the presence of unique I-A molecules (I-ANOD), in which aspartic acid at position 57 of the beta-chain is replaced by serine. This feature is also found in the HLA-DQ chain of many Caucasians with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. We have previously reported that the expression of I-E prevents the development of insulitis in NOD mouse. Here we report that the expression of I-Ak (A alpha kA beta k) in transgenic NOD mice can also prevent insulitis, and that this protection is seen not only when the I-A beta-chain has aspartic acid as residue 57, but also when this residue is serine. These results show that the single amino-acid substitution at position 57 of the I-A beta-chain from aspartic acid to serine is not sufficient for the development of the disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Analysis of inflammable substances to determine whether death has occurred before or after burning.

In two murder cases involving burning, both victims had been set on fire in the open air after being drenched with kerosene. In the first case, carbon monoxide hemoglobin (COHb) saturation was found to be 2.1% in the left heart blood and 0.8% in the right heart blood, a ratio of 2.6 for left to right heart blood. Paraffin hydrocarbons were also detected in the left heart blood. It was determined that the victim had been set on fire before death and that burning had been the cause of death. In the second case, the COHb saturation was 0.21% in the left heart blood and 0.24% in the right heart blood, giving a left-to-right ratio of 0.9. Paraffin hydrocarbons were detected in the hair sample, but not in the left heart blood. It was determined that the victim had been set on fire after death, and the cause of death was suspected to be asphyxia due to compression of the neck.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

The endogenous induction of tumor necrosis factor serum (TNS) for the adjuvant postoperative immunotherapy of cancer--changes in immunological markers of the blood.

The endogenous induction of tumor necrosis factor serum (TNS) for cancer immunotherapy was undertaken in the immediate postoperative period using Lentinan as the primer and OK-432 as the inducer. The changes in several immunological markers of the blood were assayed and compared with a control group to clarify the effects of this treatment. Plasma TNF-alpha levels were elevated two to three hours after eliciting treatment. The neutrophil count was elevated on the 7th postoperative day (POD) and the natural killer (NK) cell activity was transiently suppressed on the 1st POD, but NK cells possessing a high activity (Leu7-CD16+) were preserved until the 7th POD. Helper/inducer (CD4+) and killer cells (CD8+ CD11-) tended to increase, and suppressor (CD8 bright+ CD11+) cells tended to decrease in the induction group. There was no difference in the levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) between the groups, but a marked elevation of interferon-gamma was evident on the 1st POD in the induction group. This treatment may be useful as postoperative adjuvant immunotherapy for cancer due to its ability to induce cytokines and activate host immune mechanisms.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Dipyridamole potentiates the anti-aggregating effect of endothelium-derived relaxing factor.

One effector of the anti-aggregatory property of endothelium is thought to be endothelium-derived relaxing factor. The best characterized of these, nitric oxide, inhibits platelet aggregation by increasing cyclic GMP levels. The effects of nitric oxide and dipyridamole (a cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor), alone and in combination, on in vitro platelet aggregation were evaluated. Dipyridamole had no effect per se on platelet aggregation but potentiated the inhibition of aggregation due to nitric oxide. This was concomitant with an increase in platelet cyclic GMP concentration. The author suggests an alternative mechanism for the clinical efficacy of dipyridamole as an antiplatelet agent.

Cyclic AMP↗
PubMed1990

Determination of disulfoton and its metabolites in the body fluids of a Di-Syston intoxication case.

Disulfoton and its metabolites, two sulfoxides and two sulfones, in the body fluids of a patient who had ingested Di-Syston were analyzed by FPD-GC and GC/MS. After the chemicals in the extract (Fraction 1) obtained by Extrelut column extraction were analyzed, disulfoton and sulfoxides in Fraction 1 were oxidized into sulfones. The sulfones in the extract (Fraction 2) obtained by Extrelut column extraction were analyzed and the estimated concentrations of metabolite were calculated. The concentrations of disulfoton and the sum of the metabolites in the blood collected on admission were 0.093 nmol/g (25.4 ng/g) and 4.92 nmol/g (corresponding to 1.35 micrograms/g of disulfoton), respectively. These concentrations appear to indicate a severe level of disulfoton intoxication.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Correlation between 'on admission' blood toluene concentrations and the presence or absence of signs and symptoms in solvent abusers.

For 1 year, from June 1987 to June 1988, toluene concentrations in blood samples of patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital after inhaling solvent vapor, collected on admission and 4 h later, were analyzed by gas chromatograph. Toluene levels in the first urine samples collected after admission were also analyzed and case histories were kept listing age, sex and physical and psychiatric effects. In all, 51 cases were studied--34 males and 17 females. (1) The average age of the males was 21.4 years and of the female 16.2 years. (2) The toluene concentrations in the blood collected on admission ranged from 0.3 to 22.8 micrograms/g. (3) Physical signs were observed in 9 patients with an "on admission" blood toluene concentrations of more than 3.0 micrograms/g; twice as many subjects (18), however, with blood toluene concentration greater than 3.0 micrograms/g were without physical signs. (4) The blood toluene concentrations of three cases in the condition known as twilight state were more than 10.0 micrograms/g. (5) In 24 cases with blood toluene concentrations below 3.0 micrograms/g, there were no physical signs. (6) Five subjects with blood toluene concentrations in the 0.8-5.2 micrograms/g range showed neuropsychiatric effects; however, 23 subjects in the same blood toluene concentration range did not exhibit psychiatric effects, and none of the subjects with blood toluene concentrations greater than 5.2 micrograms/g, 15 in all, had such effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Determination of dimethoate in blood and hemoperfusion cartridge following ingestion of formothion: a case study.

A 57-year-old male who had ingested not more than 22 g of formothion was semicomatose on admission to hospital, approximately 1.5 h after ingestion. Dimethoate, a hydrolyzed formothion, was found in blood samples collected from the patient and in the charcoal column in the direct hemoperfusion cartridge which was used 6 to 7.5 h after ingestion. It was extracted and purified by Extrelut column extraction. A gas chromatograph, equipped with a flame photometric detector and a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer, were used to detect and confirm the presence of dimethoate. The blood dimethoate concentrations which were taken approximately 1.5 and 6 h after ingestion were 21.4 and 12.7 micrograms/g, respectively. A blood dimethoate concentration of 21.4 micrograms/g would appear to indicate a high level of formothion intoxication. The total amount of dimethoate found in the charcoal column used was 15 mg.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1990

Gas chromatographic determination of cresols in the biological fluids of a non-fatal case of cresol intoxication.

A simple and rapid method for analysis of free and conjugated cresols in biological fluids was developed. Prior to and following freeing of the conjugated cresols by acid hydrolysis in a sealed ampoule, free cresols were extracted by Extrelut column extraction, determined by gas chromatography, and confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In a non-fatal case of cresol intoxication a 46-year-old male had ingested about 100 ml of a saponated cresol soap solution. The concentrations of xylenol (2,4- and/or 2,5-dimethylphenol) and p- and m-cresol in the serum sample collected on admission were 15.8 micrograms/g, 43.3 micrograms/g and 73.8 micrograms/g, respectively. The total cresol concentration of 117 micrograms/g in the serum is within the range of fatal concentrations, and it is suspected therefore that the patient's recovery was due to adequate therapy alone.

Chromatography, Gas↗
PubMed1990

Traumatic rupture of intracranial vertebral artery due to hyperextension of the head: reports on three cases.

In three cases of fatal basal subarachnoid hemorrhage due to rupture of the normal intracranial vertebral artery, the ruptures appeared to have been caused by overstretching of the vertebral artery from traumatic hyperextension of the head. In the first case, that of a 31-year-old male pedestrian who, while intoxicated, had been hit from behind by a car, symmetrically located bilateral complete and incomplete tearing of the vertebral arteries was found. In both of the other two cases, involving women aged 37 and 51 found dead after receiving fist blows to the face while intoxicated, complete rupture of the vertebral artery was found. The blood alcohol concentrations of the three cases ranged from 1.6 to 1.7 mg/g at autopsy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Prostaglandin modulation of early afterdepolarizations and ventricular tachyarrhythmias induced by cesium chloride combined with efferent cardiac sympathetic stimulation in dogs.

Prostaglandins inhibit efferent cardiac sympathetic nerve effects by acting at presynaptic sites and may act to suppress some arrhythmias. In the present study, the effects of intravenous administration of prostacyclin (PGI2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on early afterdepolarizations and ventricular tachycardia induced by cesium chloride (0.5 mmol/liter per kg body weight intravenously) combined with stimulation of bilateral ansae subclaviae in anesthetized dogs were examined. The right atrium was paced at a constant cycle length of 600 ms. A left ventricular endocardial monophasic action potential catheter was used to detect early afterdepolarizations. Prostacyclin (0.2 microgram/kg per min) reduced the amplitude of the early afterdepolarizations (39.2 +/- 8.4% of the monophasic action potential amplitude during control study to 28.7 +/- 5.5%, n = 10; p less than 0.001) as well as the prevalence of ventricular tachycardia (11 of 14 dogs during control study to 5 of 14 dogs; p = 0.031). Prostaglandin E2 (0.2 to 0.6 microgram/kg per min) did not significantly reduce the early afterdepolarization amplitude (34.7 +/- 8.9% to 25.1 +/- 10.7%, n = 8; p = 0.085) or the prevalence of ventricular tachycardia (8 of 10 versus 6 of 10 dogs; p = 0.50). Alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blockade with combined intravenous administration of propranolol (0.5 mg/kg) and phentolamine (0.3 mg/kg) decreased the amplitude of the early afterdepolarizations induced by cesium chloride and bilateral ansae subclaviae stimulation from 38.6 +/- 11.2% to 18.8 +/- 3.3% (n = 6; p = 0.005). Additional administration of PGI2 further reduced the early afterdepolarization amplitude from 18.8 +/- 3.3% to 9.8 +/- 4.8% (n = 6; p = 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

In vivo administration of cytokine in allogeneic bone marrow chimeras.

When we analyzed the in vivo efficacy of cytokine administration in murine allogeneic bone marrow chimeras, mitogen-induced responses to ConA, PHA, LPS, or PWM were increased by the in vivo administration of human recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rG-CSF), human recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2), or WEHI-3B conditioned medium (CM). Furthermore, we found increased alloreactive mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLRs) against donor and/or host type alloantigens in spleen cells from (BALB/c----C3H/He) chimeras, although cytotoxic activity against BALB/c or C3H/He target cells was not detected in spleen cells from these chimeras. Since no significant increase of T cells or Ia positive cells was observed, some functional activation, rather than changes in the cell count, appeared to relate to increase immunoreactivity. An increased IL-2 production in spleen cells from chimeras injected with cytokine was observed shortly after the cessation of cytokine administration. Thereafter, an IL-2 production in these chimeras decreased around 45 days after bone marrow transplantation and then recovered nearly to the control level. An increased IL-2 responsiveness was also observed in spleen cells from these chimeras. These findings suggest that the in vivo administration of rG-CSF as well as rIL-2 or WEHI-3B CM (IL-3) can modulate the immunoreactivity in chimeras via the network of immune systems.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Serum aldolase isozyme levels in patients with cerebrovascular diseases.

A subunit specific radioimmunoassay was developed for the quantification of human aldolase A, B, and C. The method used was a double antibody radioimmunoassay using radioiodinated purified aldolase A, B, or C subunits as the ligand, specific chicken antibodies to aldolase isozymes and rabbit antibodies to chicken IgG. The Iodogen method was used for iodination of the purified isozyme subunits in this study. Human brain tissue contained similar concentrations of aldolase A and aldolase C, and a smaller amount of aldolase B, which was the main isozyme of liver tissue. Levels of serum aldolase A were greater than 203 ng/ml, the upper limit of normal, in six of 24 patients with cerebral infarction and in 11 of 31 patients with cerebral hemorrhage. Nine of 24 patients with cerebral infarction and 16 of 31 patients with cerebral hemorrhage had serum aldolase C levels greater than 4.1 ng/ml, the upper limit in normal sera. These data suggest that serum aldolase C may be a more specific and sensitive marker of cerebrovascular diseases than aldolase A. We also demonstrated that serial measurement of serum aldolase C in patients with cerebrovascular diseases might be useful in estimating prognosis, since serially increasing serum aldolase C levels during the course of these diseases were correlated with a high mortality rate.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Dermal nerve sheath myxoma.

A case of dermal nerve sheath myxoma on the left palm of 26-year-old Japanese man is presented. We examined this tumor by light and electron microscopies. On light microscopic examination, this tumor was characterized by a multilobulated myxoid tumor composed of stellate cells in an abundant mucous matrix. This histological feature resembled previously reported cases of dermal nerve sheath myxoma. On electron microscopic examination, the findings of these tumor cells were similar to those of the perineurial cells. These microscopical examinations have provided evidence for an origin from perineurial cells rather than Schwann cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Enhancement of cytotoxicity of active macrophages by mycoplasma: role of mycoplasma-associated induction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in macrophages.

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-inducing activity of several mycoplasmas including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, a causative agent in human respiratory infectious diseases, was investigated. Purified peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c mice markedly enhanced their cytotoxic activity to Meth A cells, when cultured with either viable or non-viable mycoplasmas. The supernatants of the macrophage culture with mycoplasmas, M. pneumoniae and Acholeplasma laidlawii, showed the potent cytotoxic activity to TNF-alpha-sensitive L cells but not to TNF-alpha-insensitive L cells. Addition of anti-TNF-alpha antiserum inhibited completely the cytotoxic activity of these supernatants, indicating that a major part of the cytotoxic activity might be due to TNF-alpha. Various other mycoplasmas, either glucose- or arginine-utilizing species, as far as tested showed also the potent activity to produce TNF-alpha. These results strongly suggest the possibility that mycoplasmas possess the activity of TNF-alpha induction which might be responsible for a part of enhancement of cytotoxic activity of macrophages and resistance to infection with mycoplasmas in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Effectiveness of push/pull hemodiafiltration using large-pore membrane for shoulder joint pain in long-term dialysis patients.

Long-term hemodialysis (HD) patients complaining of shoulder joint pain were treated by HD and by push/pull HDF using high-flux synthetic membranes with large pores (Asahi PAN 20CX2) for 2 weeks. The results showed no significant difference in Kt/Vurea between HD and push/pull HDF. Nevertheless, reduction of the plasma beta 2-microglobulin was greater during push/pull HDF than during HD. These findings can be explained by far more convective flux in push/pull HDF than in HD: nearly 30 L during push/pull HDF vs. 3 L during HD. In the present study, there was no alleviation of the shoulder joint pain during HD treatment, whereas marked relief of the symptom was found during push/pull HDF treatment. Since the two treatment modalities differ simply in their efficiency in removing larger molecular weight substances, the joint pain alleviation effected by push/pull HDF could well be ascribed to elimination of an unknown larger molecular weight substance causing this symptom. However, a considerable amount of beta 2-microglobulin was removed both by HD and push/pull HDF. Therefore, the substance causing the joint pain might be larger than beta 2-microglobulin.

Female↗
PubMed1990

[Therapeutic evaluation of combination therapy using C-425, human native immunoglobulin liquid preparation for i.v. administration, with antibiotics in severe infections in the field of internal medicine].

A novel human native immunoglobulin liquid preparation for intravenous injection, C-425, was used in combination with antibiotics to study its efficacy, safety, and usefulness in 262 patients with severe infections which had not responded to antibiotic therapy of 3-day or more duration. As a result of the Committee judgement, 12 of the 262 patients were excluded from this study; 87 were included only in safety analysis; 163 (62.2%) were included in efficacy, safety, and usefulness analyses (complete inclusion). The complete analysis of 163 patients consisted of 93 patients (57.1%) with suspected septicemia, 33 (20.2%) with pneumonia, and 18 (11.0%) with septicemia. Eighty percent or more of the patients had severe underlying diseases such as leukemia and malignant lymphoma. Clinical efficacy of C-425 was judged by the doctors in charge to be "excellent" or "good" in 49.1% of the total cases. The rate of effectiveness was calculated at 74.8% when "excellent", "good" and "fair" cases were all included. Similarly, the rate of effectiveness calculated from the results of Committee judgment was 53.4% when "excellent" and "good" cases were included, and 68.7% when "excellent", "good" and "fair" cases were included. Microbiological assessment was conducted in 19 patients. Causative organisms were eliminated in 11 patients, decreased in number in 1, persisted in 5, and replaced in 2. The rate of elimination was 57.9%. Side effects appeared in 6 of 250 patients (2.4%). It was judged that 3 patients (1.2%) of the 6 were affected by the drug or suspected to be affected, but they were not considered clinically important. Hepatic disfunction was found in 4 patients (1.6%) of the 250; but it was not clarified whether this was related to the drug. From these results, C-425 was considered to be an effective and very safe drug for treating severe internal infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Comparison of D-arabinitol, candida antigen, and beta-glucan, measured by the chromogenic limulus assay, in the rabbit model of systemic candidiasis].

In this study, we measured D-arabinitol, candida antigen and beta-glucan in the rabbit model of systemic candidiasis. It was recently reported that the factor G, one of the coagulation enzymes from the horseshoe crad amebocyte lysate, reacts with beta-glucan or polysaccharide from fungus, and not with endotoxin. The newly developed endotoxin specific chromogenic Limulus assay (endospecy test), which is devoid of factor G, did not react with any rabbit serum. But the beta-glucan measured by the conventional Limulus assay (toxicolor test), which contains the factor G, was elevated (from 10 pg/ml to 100 pg/ml) in all cases of rabbit model of system candidiasis. Serum D-arabinitol, measured by Sone's enzymatic fluorometric method, increased in all cases, but Cand-Tec (candida detection system by latex agglutination) showed only one positive case in five innoculated rabbits.

Animals↗