Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

T Miyauchi

Publications and source records attributed to T Miyauchi.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Three subtypes of chronic schizophrenia identified using 11C-glucose positron emission tomography.

The authors used positron computed tomography (CT) and 11C-labeled glucose to measure brain glucose utilization in 20 chronic schizophrenic patients (18 men, 2 women, mean age 38) and 5 male control subjects (mean age 38). Positron emission tomography (PET) revealed at least three subtypes: hypofrontal (type A), hypoparietal (right-sided disturbance in right-handed and left-sided disturbance in left-handed patients) (type B), and normal (type C). The significant count reduction in the frontal lobe (Brodmann's area 10) in type A patients was 38%, while that in the parietal lobe (Brodmann's area 40) in type B patients was 26% in each lobe of the brain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Effects of capsaicin on nonadrenergic noncholinergic nerves in the guinea pig atria: role of calcitonin gene-related peptide as cardiac neurotransmitter.

Transmural nerve stimulation (TNS) in vitro produced positive chronotropic and inotropic responses in the spontaneously beating right atria and electrically driven left atria of guinea pigs, respectively. Both the positive responses of the atria were mediated not only by adrenergic but also by nonadrenergic noncholinergic (NANC) nerves. Numerous calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-like immunoreactive nerves were found in the sinus node and the muscle layers of both atria of guinea pigs. Exogenously applied CGRP produced positive chronotropic and inotropic responses in a dose-dependent manner. In both the right and left atria, capsaicin (10(-5) M) induced positive chronotropic and inotropic responses. The second application of capsaicin did not cause any responses in the atria, indicating a rapid development of tachyphylaxis. When the tissues developed tachyphylaxis to capsaicin, the intensity of CGRP-like immunoreactivity greatly decreased in the sinus node and in both atria. In the atria that developed tachyphylaxis to capsaicin, the positive chronotropic and inotropic responses to NANC nerve stimulation diminished markedly, but the responses to exogenous CGRP and those attributed to adrenergic nerves were not affected. These results suggest that CGRP is the neurotransmitter of intracardiac NANC nerves and that capsaicin produces positive chronotropic and inotropic responses through the release of CGRP from NANC nerves in the guinea pig atria. It is also suggested that capsaicin depletes endogenous CGRP, thereby accounting for the rapid development of tachyphylaxis to capsaicin and the marked and selective diminution of TNS-induced NANC responses following application of capsaicin.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Preferential expression of glycolipids reacting with Ricinus communis agglutinin-I in human colorectal adenocarcinomas.

Tumor-associated glycosphingolipids expressed on human colorectal adenocarcinomas were surveyed by staining of glycolipid bands on thin layer chromatogram with several horse radish peroxidase-labeled lectins. Glycolipids reacting with Ricinus communis agglutinin-I were found in all of the tumors from 9 patients with various types of colorectal adenocarcinomas, but only very weakly in the normal mucosa. Susceptibility to glycosidases and chromatographic mobilities indicated that these glycolipids were lactosylceramide, paragloboside and probably higher homologues of neolactoseries glycolipids.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

[Clinical trial of CSF-HU (colony-stimulating factor derived from human urine: P-100) on granulocytopenia induced by anticancer therapy in urogenital cancer patients].

We examined the value of the CSF-HU preparation (colony-stimulating factor derived from human urine: P-100) to prevent or treat granulocytopenia induced by anticancer chemotherapy. Subjects were urogenital cancer patients who underwent two courses of the same chemotherapy regimen. Among these patients, we selected the subjects whose leucocyte counts were decreased to less than 2000/mm3 after the first course of anticancer chemotherapy. P-100 was administered from the following day of the end of the second course of chemotherapy at a dose of 8,000,000 units/day by intravenous drip infusion for 7 successive days. According to the global evaluation by consideration of changes in leucocyte and granulocyte counts, the utility rate by physicians was 52.4% (22/42), and that by a committee was 50.0% (18/36). No difference was seen in utility rate and efficacy rate according to P.S., cancer types and antineoplastic drugs used. Side effects were noted only in 2.3% (1/44) which was mild and transient fever. These findings suggest that P-100 is a very useful drug for prevention and/or treatment of granulocytopenia following cancer chemotherapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[The development of radiation necrosis of the brain after radiation therapy].

Examination by questionnaire of 102 institutions utilizing radiation therapy throughout the country revealed 97 cases of radiation necrosis of the brain, 41 cases of which have received only one course of radiation therapy with either high energy x-rays or 60Co gamma-rays and that have been histologically confirmed for necrosis. The dose fractionation relationship causing necrosis presumed by Strandquvist's diagram proved to be located along the line with the slope of 0.44 from the interception of 9.9 Gy with a single irradiation. Our own experience of brain tumor and cancer of the paranasal sinus told 2 with developed necrosis (incidence, 0.6%) of 325 cases on radiation therapy at a dose of 50-60 Gy and 5 (incidence, 2.0%) of 253 cases on radiation therapy at a dose of more than 60 Gy.

Brain↗
PubMed1986

Proliferation of Dunning R-3327 rat prostatic adenocarcinoma and of its sublines (CUA and CUB).

Proliferating cells in tumors of the androgen-dependent R-3327 and its partially dependent and autonomous sublines, CUA and CUB, were examined. Two types of cells, myoepithelial cells and large stromal cells, in the R-3327 have a high proliferating ability, as estimated by thymidine uptake. These cells were also observed in the normal dorsolateral prostate of rats, the lobes from which R-3327 originated. CUA is a squamous carcinoma, which proliferates at the border of the epithelial layer and large stromal cells. The tumor cells of CUB appear as clusters of large stromal cells which have a strong potential for dividing. Therefore, R-3327 contains two types of dividing cells, and their uncoordinated proliferation may be responsible for causing the different features seen in the sublines.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

The significance of beta-adrenoceptor down regulation in the desipramine action in the forced swimming test.

The present studies were undertaken to clarify whether central beta-adrenoceptor down regulation is responsible for the greater effect of chronic treatment with desipramine (DMI) compared with acute treatment in the forced swimming test in rats. Repetitive administration of DMI activated the rat behaviour pattern and consequently reduced the duration of immobility. The degree of activation depended on the length of treatment, i.e. no effect when given in a single dose, moderate effect when given subchronically (3 doses) and marked activation after chronic (31 doses) treatment. Chronic treatment with DMI also produced a decrease in 3H-dihydroalprenolol (3H-DHA) binding site in the cerebral cortex. Acute stimulation of brain beta-adrenoceptors by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) isoprenaline significantly, though partially, attenuated the behavioural effect of chronic DMI by beta 1-adrenoceptor-related mechanisms. Similarly, chronic i.c.v. co-administration of atenolol or practolol, beta 1-adrenoceptor antagonists, together with DMI attenuated both beta-adrenoceptor down regulation and the behavioural activation by chronic DMI. On the other hand, chronic i.c.v. administration of isoprenaline, supposedly leading to down regulation of beta-adrenoceptors, facilitated the activating behavioural effect of DMI, as a single dose became effective. Changes, however, in 3H-DHA binding parameters in the cerebral cortex were not observed after chronic isoprenaline. These results suggest that down regulation of beta-adrenoceptors in brain is responsible, at least in part, for the marked activatory effect of chronic DMI in the forced swimming test, possibly by reducing an inhibitory function of beta 1-adrenoceptor mediated mechanisms.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1986

Effect of androgen on ornithine decarboxylase activity in androgen-dependent mouse mammary tumor (Shionogi Carcinoma 115) and its androgen-independent subline (CS 2).

The activity of ornithine decarboxylase in androgen-dependent mouse mammary tumor (Shionogi Carcinoma 115) was reduced to 25% by castration of tumor-bearing mice and restored to the normal level 12 h after administration of testosterone or 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone. Administration of estradiol-17 beta to the tumor-bearing castrated mice also stimulated the enzyme activity while progesterone and cortisol had little effect. On the other hand, the enzyme activity was affected by neither castration nor androgen injection to CS 2, which is a subline of SC 115 and completely independent of androgen for growth. The inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase activity in SC 115 by injecting alpha-difluoromethylornithine did not affect the enhancement of RNA polymerase I activity by androgen, showing independent elevation of the levels of the two enzymes by androgen.

Androgens↗