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T Miyahara

Publications and source records attributed to T Miyahara.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

[A case of cardiac myxoma with multiple brain hemorrhage].

A case of cardiac myxoma with multiple brain hemorrhage is reported. A 57-year-old male had complained of lower abdominal pain, diarrhea and fever for 3 days. On admission, he was in a condition of disseminated intravascular coagulation and sepsis. An abdominal CT scan showed infarction in the right kidney and spleen and an echocardiogram also showed myxoma in the left atrium. Although he presented no neurological symptoms, the brain CT showed multiple brain hemorrhage in the bilateral brain hemispheres. Total resection of the tumor was carried out for the improvement of the patient's general condition. Vimentin, S-100 protein and neuron specific enolase was positive in immunological staining and the pathological diagnosis was myxoma. Postoperative recovery of consciousness was poor and left hemiparesis developed. CT showed the increase of hematoma but angiography showed no cerebral aneurysm. The symptoms improved with conservative therapy. However the enhanced lesion remained in the right parietal lobe and an operation was performed 5 months later. The myxoma cell could not be found in the pathological examination, so tumor embolism, cerebral infarction, hemorrhagic infarction due to DIC, hematoma enlargement caused by heparinization during operation were suspected to have occurred in this order without tumor growth.

Brain↗
PubMed2000

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and hepatic stellate cell activation.

The present study examined the roles of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) in activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC), a pivotal event in liver fibrogenesis. RNase protection assay detected mRNA for PPARgamma1 but not that for the adipocyte-specific gamma2 isoform in HSC isolated from sham-operated rats, whereas the transcripts for neither isoforms were detectable in HSC from cholestatic liver fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation (BDL). Semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction confirmed a 70% reduction in PPARgamma mRNA level in HSC from BDL. Nuclear extracts from BDL cells showed an expected diminution of binding to PPAR-responsive element, whereas NF-kappaB and AP-1 binding were increased. Treatment of cultured-activated HSC with ligands for PPARgamma (10 microm 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-PGJ(2) (15dPGJ(2)); 0.1 approximately 10 microm BRL49653) inhibited DNA and collagen synthesis without affecting the cell viability. Suppression of HSC collagen by 15dPGJ(2) was abrogated 70% by the concomitant treatment with a PPARgamma antagonist (GW9662). HSC DNA and collagen synthesis were inhibited by WY14643 at the concentrations known to activate both PPARalpha and gamma (>100 microm) but not at those that only activate PPARalpha (<10 microm) or by a synthetic PPARalpha-selective agonist (GW9578). 15dPGJ(2) reduced alpha1(I) procollagen, smooth muscle alpha-actin, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 mRNA levels while inducing matrix metalloproteinase-3 and CD36. 15dPGJ(2) and BRL49653 inhibited alpha1(I) procollagen promoter activity. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (10 ng/ml) reduced PPARgamma mRNA, and this effect was prevented by the treatment with 15dPGJ(2). These results demonstrate that HSC activation is associated with the reductions in PPARgamma expression and PPAR-responsive element binding in vivo and is reversed by the treatment with PPARgamma ligands in vitro. These findings implicate diminished PPARgamma signaling in molecular mechanisms underlying activation of HSC in liver fibrogenesis and the potential therapeutic value of PPARgamma ligands for liver fibrosis.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Role of the vestibular system in sudden shutdown of renal sympathetic nerve activity during microgravity in rats.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of microgravity (muG) on renal sympathetic nerve activity (RNA) in rats. Additionally, we estimated the participation of the vestibular system in the response of RNA to muG. Eight normal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats and five chemically and bilaterally labyrinthectomied SD rats were used to measure RNA during free-drop examination (4.5-s duration of muG); arterial pressure (AP) and aortic flow velocity (AFV) were additionally monitored. Although AFV showed no particular change, AP tended to decrease during muG in the later phase. Prior to this AP fall-off, RNA was immediately and markedly attenuated by muG. This attenuation was transient and RNA returned to 1G level within the mu;muG condition. Interestingly, this phenomenon remained even in labyrinthectomied rats. In conclusion, cephalad shift of the body fluid by loading of muG may cause cardiopulmonary low-pressure receptor activation and consequent RNA attenuation, but the participation of the vestibulosympathetic reflex in this phenomenon is not obvious.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Hypoxia-induced pulmonary blood redistribution in subjects with a history of high-altitude pulmonary edema.

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary hypertension has been suggested to play an important role in development of high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), and individual susceptibility has been suggested to be associated with enhanced pulmonary vascular response to hypoxia. We hypothesized that much greater pulmonary vasoconstriction would be induced by acute alveolar hypoxia in HAPE-susceptible (HAPE-s) subjects and that changes in pulmonary blood flow distribution could be demonstrated by radionuclide study. METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy in 8 HAPE-s subjects and 5 control subjects while each was in the supine position and acquired functional images of pulmonary blood flow and ventilation under separate normoxic and hypoxic (arterial oxygen saturation, 70%) conditions. We also measured acceleration time/right ventricular ejection time (AcT/RVET) with Doppler echocardiography under each condition in both groups. Moreover, we assayed human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles serologically in the HAPE-s group. Pulmonary blood flow was significantly shifted from the basal lung region to the apical lung region under hypoxia in HAPE-s subjects, although no significant change in regional ventilation was observed. With Doppler echocardiography, HAPE-s subjects showed increased pulmonary arterial pressure during hypoxia compared with control subjects. The magnitude of cephalad redistribution of lung blood flow was significantly higher in the HLA-DR6-positive than in HLA-DR6-negative HAPE-s subjects. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that acute hypoxia induces much greater cephalad redistribution of pulmonary blood flow that results from exaggerated vasoconstriction in the basal lung in HAPE-s subjects. Furthermore, pulmonary vascular hyperreactivity to hypoxia may be associated with HLA-DR6.

Altitude Sickness↗
PubMed2000

Acute responses of renal nerve activity to microgravity induced by free drop in anesthetized rats.

To examine acute cardiovascular and autonomic responses to microgravity (microG), arterial pressure (AP), aortic flow velocity (AFV), central venous pressure (CVP), and renal nerve activity (RNA) were measured in anesthetized rats during 4.5 s of microG produced by free drop. A smooth and immediate reduction in gravity occurred during free drop, microG being achieved 100 ms after the start of the drop. Acute microG elicited an immediate and striking, but transient, decrease in RNA with no significant change in AP and AFV, but a significant decrease in CVP. The decrease in RNA lasted 2 s, then RNA recovered to the control level despite the G value remaining at < 0.001 for 4.5 s. The RNA decrease was attenuated or completely abolished by sinoaortic denervation, vagotomy, or sinoaortic denervation plus vagotomy. These results suggest that acute microG conditions stimulate sinoaortic and cardiopulmonary mechanoreceptors and suppress RNA.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Role of inducible nitric oxide synthase in dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis.

BACKGROUND: Different authors have postulated both toxic and protective effects for nitric oxide (NO) in the pathophysiology of active inflammation. AIM: To examine the role of NO, especially that produced by the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), by investigating the effects of NOS inhibitors and NO donors on inflammation in experimental acute colitis. METHODS: Acute colitis was induced in rats by dextran sulphate sodium (DSS). White blood cell counts and levels of thiobarbituric acid reactants in the portal blood were determined, as were histological changes in the colonic mucosa. We then evaluated the effects of N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), aminoguanidine (AG) and an NO donor on DSS-induced changes in these inflammatory parameters. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Inhibition of NO production by either L-NAME or AG worsened DSS-induced inflammation, suggesting a protective role for NO in acute colitis. On the other hand, a NO donor also exaggerated DSS-induced inflammatory parameters, suggesting that acute colitis may be aggravated by either too much or too little NO. These results suggest that medical treatment of ulcerative colitis must aim for maintenance of appropriate NO levels in the intestinal mucosa.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Metabolism of 26,27-hexafluoro-1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 26,27-hexafluoro-1 alpha,23(S)25-trihydroxyvitamin D3 in ROS17/2.8 cells transfected with a plasmid expressing CYP24.

1. To clarify the possibility that the metabolism of 26,27-hexafluoro-1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [F6-1,25(OH)2D3] to 26,27-hexafluoro-1 alpha,23(S),25-trihydroxyvitamin D3 [F6-1,23,25(OH)3D3 and that of F6-1,23,25(OH)3D3 to 26,27-hexafluoro-23-oxo-1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [F6-23-oxo-1,25(OH)2D3] are catalysed by 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 24-hydroxylase (CYP24), ROS17/2.8 cells transfected with a plasmid expressing CYP24 [pSVL-CYP24(+)] and a corresponding blank plasmid [pSLV-CYP24R(-)] were used. 2. Incubation of [1 beta-3H]-F6-1,25(OH)2D3 for 2 and 5 days with ROS17/2.8 cells transfected with pSVL-CYP24(+) generated a metabolite that co-migrated with authentic F6-1,23,25(OH)3D3 in both normal phase and reversed-phase HPLC systems. 3. Incubation of [1 beta-3H]-F6-1,23,25(OH)3D3 for 5 days with pSVL-CYP24(+)- transfected ROS 17/2.8 cells generated a metabolite that co-migrated with authentic F6-23-oxo-1,25(OH)2D3. In contrast, the metabolites F6-1,23,25(OH)3D3 or F6-23-oxo-1,25(OH)2D3 were not generated in the cells transfected with pSVL-CYP24R(-). 4. The results indicate that CYP24 catalyses the conversion of F6-1,25(OH)2D3 to F6-1,23,25(OH)3D3 and that of F6-1,23,25(OH)3D3 to F6-23-oxo-1,25(OH)2D3.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Detection of triazolam and its hydroxy metabolites in rat hair by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

A sensitive method using reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) for simultaneous determination of triazolam (TZ) and its hydroxy metabolites in hair has been developed. After the addition of deuterium-labeled 1 -hydroxymethyltriazolam (1-HT-d4) as an internal standard, analytes in hair shaft and hair root samples were extracted with a basic medium, CH2Cl2/MeOH/28% NH4OH (20:80:2), at room temperature overnight. The chromatographic separation of the analytes was achieved using a 3-microm micro HPLC column (100 x 2.0-mm i.d.) with a gradient of acetonitrile in water containing 1% acetic acid as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.15 mL/min. The mass spectrometer was operated in selected-ion monitoring mode at quasi molecular ions [M+H]+ of TZ and its metabolites. Under the proposed conditions, the ranges of quantitation of TZ, 1-HT, and 4-HT were 0.1-10 ng/0.2 mL. The method has been applied to determine the hair shaft and hair root incorporation of TZ and its metabolites into Dark Agouti rats administered with 3 mg/kg or 6 mg/kg intraperitoneally twice a day for five days. Judging from the retention behavior by the chromatography and the mass spectra of the peaks detected, TZ, 1-HT, and 4-HT were incorporated in the hair shaft and the hair root. The concentration of 4-HT was the highest of all compounds detected. An unknown substance thought to be 1,4-diHT also appeared in both hair shaft and hair root samples. This substance was obtained from in vitro metabolic studies of TZ using rat liver microsome fraction and was accompanied by the other two metabolites, 1-HT and 4-HT. Structural elucidation was performed with online high-performance liquid chromatography-MS after acetylation of the substance with acetic anhydride and pyridine. This is the first report of the detection of the hydroxy metabolites of TZ in hair. The method has been found to be useful as a screening procedure of TZ intake in humans.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Hepatoportal bumetanide-sensitive K(+)-sensor mechanism controls urinary K(+) excretion.

To determine whether a K(+)-sensor mechanism exists in the hepatoportal region, periarterial hepatic afferent nerve activity responses to intraportal injection of KCl were examined in anesthetized rats. Hepatic afferent nerve activity increased in response to intraportal injection in a K(+) concentration-dependent manner, and the increase was attenuated by inhibition of the Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter by bumetanide in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that a bumetanide-sensitive K(+)-sensor mechanism exists in the hepatoportal region. Stimulation of this mechanism by intraportal KCl infusion elicited an immediate and powerful kaliuresis with no significant change in the plasma K(+) concentration; this was significantly greater than the kaliuresis induced by intravenous KCl infusion and was attenuated by severing the periarterial hepatic nervous plexus. These results indicate that a hepatoportal bumetanide-sensitive K(+)-sensor mechanism senses the portal venous K(+) concentration and that stimulation of this sensor mechanism causes kaliuresis, which is mainly mediated by the periarterial hepatic nervous plexus.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed2000

Modulation of H reflex of pretibial muscles and reciprocal Ia inhibition of soleus muscle during voluntary teeth clenching in humans.

A previous study has demonstrated that the soleus H reflex is facilitated in association with voluntary teeth clenching in proportion with biting force in humans. The present study tried to elucidate the functional significance of this facilitation of the soleus H reflex, by examining 1) whether the facilitation of the H reflex is reciprocal or nonreciprocal between the ankle extensors and flexors and 2) whether the reciprocal Ia inhibition of crural muscles is facilitated or depressed in association with voluntary teeth clenching. The H reflex of the pretibial muscles was evoked by stimulation of the common peroneal nerve in seven healthy subjects with no oral dysfunction. The pretibial H reflex was facilitated in association with voluntary teeth clenching in a force-dependent manner. The facilitation started preceding the onset of electromyographic activity of the masseter muscle. Stimulation of the common peroneal nerve at low intensities subthreshold for evoking the M wave of the pretibial muscles inhibited the soleus H reflex after a short latency corresponding with a disynaptic inhibition, indicating that the reciprocal Ia inhibition was depressed in association with voluntary teeth clenching. Thus, the present study has shown that voluntary teeth clenching evokes a nonreciprocal facilitation of ankle extensor and flexor muscles and attenuated reciprocal Ia inhibition from the pretibial muscles to the soleus muscle. It is concluded that voluntary teeth clenching contributes to improve stability of stance rather than smoothness of movements.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Growth factor usage patterns and outcomes in the community setting: collection through a practice-based computerized clinical information system.

PURPOSE: Although use of colony-stimulating factor (CSF) is widespread and guidelines for use have been disseminated, actual practice patterns of medical oncologists are unknown. The purpose of this study was to collect these data using an office-based computerized clinical information system. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data were collected on patients at 10 community-based oncology practices. Information regarding CSF use was captured at the time of prescribing through a computerized clinical support tool and stored in a data warehouse, and an analysis was carried out retrospectively. RESULTS: A total of 6,813 cancer regimens administered to 5,034 patients were evaluated for growth factor use. Overall, CSFs were used in 14% of regimens, with breast, lymphoma, lung, and ovarian being the most common cancers for which CSFs were used. In 49.4% of regimens, CSF was initiated during cycle 1, with an average duration of 1 week, and was used in two or three cycles per regimen. Afebrile neutropenia is rarely followed by CSF initiation. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is associated with fewer dose adjustments, delays, and hospitalizations when compared with granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). There is wide variation among oncologists in CSF use, and several substantial differences were noted between the prescribing behavior of American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) survey-reported oncologists and actual clinical practice, as captured by the computerized clinical information system. CONCLUSION: Computerized clinical information systems can collect detailed information regarding practice patterns of medical oncologists. ASCO physician practice survey data do not accurately reflect actual practice patterns and must be interpreted with caution. Substantial deviations from ASCO growth factor guidelines remain, and oncologists' use of CSFs demonstrates wide variation. There may be important clinical differences between G-CSF and GM-CSF, but definitive phase III trials are needed for confirmation.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed2000

Amelioration of murine experimental colitis by inhibition of mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1.

Mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) is an adhesion molecule that mediates recruitment of lymphocytes into the gut mucosa. Attenuation of excessive expression of MAdCAM-1 in the inflamed mucosa could be useful for treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate whether anti-MAdCAM-1 antibody has a prophylactic effect on experimental colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Colitis was induced by orally feeding BALB/c mice 5% DSS (mol. wt. 5000). Mice were sacrificed at intervals up to 21 days after administration to evaluate the changes over time in intestinal damage. The infiltrating lymphocytes and their subpopulations, and the expression of cell adhesion molecules were determined by immunohistochemistry. In another set of experiments, the attenuating effect of i.p.-injected anti-MAdCAM-1 antibody on colonic lesions was evaluated on day 14. Significant histological damage with shortening of crypts was observed on day 14 in colonic mucosa of DSS-treated mice. Before mucosal inflammation had become significant, expression of MAdCAM-1 was already increased in the microvessels of lamina propria on day 7. Significant infiltration of beta7-integrin-positive T and B cells in the mucosa was then noted on day 14. Administration of anti-MAdCAM-1 antibody significantly reduced colonic injury as well as the infiltration of beta7-integrin-positive lymphocytes in the colonic mucosa. This antibody also was effective when given 7 days after the start of DSS treatment. In the present study, we demonstrated that anti-MAdCAM-1 antibody significantly ameliorates DSS-induced colitis, suggesting that MAdCAM-1 may be useful for control of inflammatory bowel diseases.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[A case of limited Wegener granulomatosis with hypereosinophilia].

A 51-year-old female was admitted to Nagano Matsushiro General Hospital because of fever, cough and dyspnea on exertion. Her laboratory data revealed leukocytosis with hypereosinophilia, a high erythrocyte sedimentation rate and c-reactive protein. Chest radiography revealed an infiltration shadow with a cavity in the right upper lobe. A lung abscess was diagnosed and antibiotics were administered. Laboratory results showed improvement, but chest radiography continued to show cavities. She was admitted to our hospital because of fever, left pleural effusion and progression of cavities on chest radiographs. She showed no abnormalities of the upper airway or kidney, and was negative for c-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (c-ANCA). Because a positive c-ANCA was seen on day 8 of hospitalization, L-type limited Wegener granulomatosis (WG) was diagnosed according to Gross et al. Prednisolone (PSL) was administered, which improved the anemia, eosinophilia and the cavities. On day 7 of PSL administration, of the left pneumothorax occurred as a complication caused by perforation of the left chest cavity, but her clinical course was good after a cavernectomy was performed. Some studies have reported that limited WG shows a negative c-ANCA, and that antibiotic therapy improves inflammation. The L-type of limited WG revealed a low-grade positive ratio and titer of c-ANCA. Moreover, L-type limited WG responds well to therapy. We therefore selected PSL administration only against L-type limited WG. We have reported L-type limited WG with eosinophilia and the negative effects of c-ANCA at an early clinical stage.

Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic↗
PubMed2000

Effect of moisture content on anaerobic digestion of dewatered sludge: ammonia inhibition to carbohydrate removal and methane production.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of moisture content on anaerobic digestion of dewatered sewage sludge under mesophilic condition. The moisture contents of sludge fed to reactors were 97.0%, 94.6%, 92.9%, 91.1% and 89.0%. The VS removal efficiency changed from 45.6% to 33.8%, as the moisture content of sludge fed to digester decreased from 97.0% to 89.0%. The carbohydrate removal efficiency also decreased from 71.1% to 27.8%. Methane production decreased when the moisture content of sludge was lower than 91.1%. The number of glucose consuming acidogenic bacteria was decreased from 3.1 x 10(6) to 3.1 x 10(8) (MPN/mL) as the moisture content decreased from 91.1% to 89.0%. The numbers of hydrogenotrophic and acetoclastic methanogenic bacteria decreased by one order of magnitude when the moisture content was lower than 91.1%. The decrease in numbers of glucose consuming acidogenic bacteria and methanogenic bacteria was found to correspond to the decrease in the carbohydrate removal efficiency and the accumulation of propionic acid. Batch experiments showed that acetoclastic methanogenic bacteria were acclimated to high ammonia concentration, on the other hand, glucose consuming acidogenic bacteria were inhibited.

Ammonia↗
PubMed2000

Biological hydrogen potential of materials characteristic of the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the biological hydrogen production potential of individual organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (OFMSW) by batch experiments. Seven varieties of typical organic solid wastes including rice, cabbage, carrot, egg, lean meat, fat and chicken skin were selected to estimate the hydrogen production potential. Among the OFMSW, carbohydrate produced the most hydrogen through biological hydrogen fermentation compared with proteins or lipids. Subsequently, the biological hydrogen production potentials of some individual carbohydrate were measured: cabbage, 26.3-61.7 mL/g-VS; carrot, 44.9-70.7 mL/g-VS; and rice, 19.3-96.0 mL/g-VS. The hydrogen percentages of the total biogas produced from cabbage, carrot and rice were 33.9-55.1%, 27.7-46.8% and 44.0-45.6%, respectively.

Bacteria, Anaerobic↗
PubMed2000

Afferent mechanisms of acute responses of renal sympathetic nerve activity to microgravity.

Exposure to microgravity is thought to induce an alteration of autonomic function through several afferent pathways. First, a removal of all hydrostatic gradients, which results in a large cephalad fluid shift. The fluid shift may induce an increase in transmural pressure in the cardiopulmonary region, which stimulates cardiopulmonary mechanoreceptors and baroreceptors, and elicits neurogenic responses. Secondly, an alteration of the vestibular input may modify sympathetic output via the vestibulosympathetic reflex. However, there is a lack of direct evidence for the role of cardiopulmonary mechanoreceptors, baroreceptors, and vestibular system in autonomic responses to microgravity. Accordingly, responses of renal sympathetic nerve activity (RNA) to microgravity, produced by free drop, were examined in anesthetized rats. To examine the afferent pathways of the RNA responses, the same experiment was performed in rats that had undergone labyrinthectomy, sinoaortic baroreceptor denervation (SAD), vagotomy, or SAD plus vagotomy.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1999

Endothelin receptor blockade attenuates air embolization-induced pulmonary hypertension in sheep.

We investigated the effects of two types of endothelin receptor antagonists on pulmonary hypertension induced by pulmonary air embolization in awake sheep. We prepared awake sheep with indwelling catheters inserted in blood vessels for continuous monitoring of pulmonary artery pressure, left atrial pressure and systemic arterial pressure. Cardiac output was measured every 30 min. The study consisted of two experiments, one with FR139317 (100 microg/kg/min; (R)2-[(R)-2-[(S)-2-[1-(hexahydro-1H-azepinyl)]-carbonyl]amino-4-++ +methy l-pentanoyl]amino-3-[3-(1-methyl-1H-indolyl)]propionyl)amino-3-(2-pyr idyl)propionic acid), a selective endothelin ET(A) receptor antagonist, and the other with TAK-044 (100 microg/kg/h; cyclo[D-alpha-aspartyl-3-[(4-phenylpiperazin-yl)carbonyl]-L-alanyl -L- alpha- aspartyl-D-2-(2-thienyl) glycyl-L-leucyl-D-tryptophyl] disodium salt), an endothelin ET(A) and ET(B) receptor antagonist. In the paired experiments, air was continuously (4.06 ml/min) infused into the main pulmonary artery for 3 h after the baseline pressures were stabilized. Sheep were treated or not treated with FR139317 or TAK-044. Pulmonary artery pressure was significantly higher than the baseline pressure after the start of air infusion. Both FR139317 and TAK-044 significantly attenuated the increase in pulmonary artery pressure during air embolization. Plasma endothelin -1 levels in both pulmonary and systemic arteries were equally and significantly increased after the start of air infusion. The results indicate that endothelin-1 release is attributable to the development of pulmonary hypertension during the course of air embolization in awake sheep.

Animals↗