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Biomedical subjects

T Miwa

Publications and source records attributed to T Miwa.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Transection of the olfactory nerves induces expression of nerve growth factor receptor in mouse olfactory epithelium.

Expression of nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) was found in the mouse olfactory epithelium after olfactory nerve transection, although no immunoreactivity to NGFR was detectable in the olfactory epithelium in the control animals. After axotomy, however, NGFR-immunoreactive cells transiently appeared in the supporting cells, receptor neurons and basal cells between postoperative day 7 and 35, and thereafter disappeared by postoperative day 49. The results indicate that nerve growth factor may contribute to the regeneration of olfactory receptor neurons after olfactory nerve transection.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Immunohistochemical study of glutamine synthetase expression in early glial development.

Early glial development in the brains of rat embryos was immunohistochemically studied using antibodies to two kinds of glial-specific proteins, glutamine synthetase (GS) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The results showed that GS was first expressed in the ependymal lining of the ventral side of the neural tube in the cervical segment on Embryonic Day 14 and then in the radial glia radiating from the neural tube on Embryonic Day 16. Subsequently, GS-positive glia cells increased in number with time. On the other hand, GFAP was first expressed in the fimbria hippocampi and the pial surface on Embryonic Day 18, but no marked evidence of GFAP expression was noted in the GS-positive radial glia. These results suggested that a specific protein is expressed at each stage of early glial development. Since the radial glia was positive for GS, it was thought that GS-mediated neuronal-glial interactions may play an important role in the development of the central nervous system.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Proliferative potential of brain tumors. Analyses with Ki-67 and anti-DNA polymerase alpha monoclonal antibodies, bromodeoxyuridine labeling, and nuclear organizer region counts.

Histochemical analyses with Ki-67 and anti-DNA polymerase alpha monoclonal antibodies were done, and argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (Ag-NOR) were counted to estimate the proliferative potential of 200 brain tumors. The findings were compared with the bromodeoxyuridine labeling index (BrdU LI), or S-phase fraction. The proliferating cell indexes (PCI), determined by Ki-67 and anti-DNA polymerase alpha monoclonal antibodies were higher and Ag-NOR more numerous in medulloblastomas, glioblastomas, and metastatic carcinomas than in astrocytomas or meningiomas. The Ki-67 and DNA polymerase alpha PCI correlated with the BrdU LI (r = 0.87 and r = 0.84, respectively) and with each other (r = 0.94). The number of Ag-NOR correlated less strongly with these indexes in some tumors. These findings suggest that Ki-67 and anti-DNA polymerase alpha monoclonal antibodies may be useful for estimating the proliferative potential of individual tumors in routine clinical practice. The number of Ag-NOR, however, does not always reflect the growth potential of each tumor.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1993

Fifty sequenced-tagged sites on human chromosome 11.

Fifty novel sequenced-tagged sites (STSs) were identified from cosmid clones mapped to human chromosome 11. DNA sequences were determined for one or both cloning ends of 69 cosmid markers that had each been localized to 1 of 24 subchromosomal regions by means of hybridization to somatic cell hybrid panels. Proper primer sequences and appropriate conditions for a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were determined for each marker. Twenty-one of the cosmids were not suitable for generating STSs, mainly because both of their ends contained repetitive elements such as Alu and L1 sequences; however, some were inappropriate because the sizes of their PCR products from human DNA, used as template, were same as those from yeast DNA. Finally, 50 STSs were established from 48 clones: 20 were derived from markers localized on the short arm and 30 from the long arm. These STSs can serve as new reagents for investigating human DNA in somatic cell hybrids and for isolating yeast artificial chromosomes to anchor large DNA contigs and fine-scale physical maps of chromosome 11.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1993

Evaluation of rapid urease test for detection of Helicobacter pylori in gastric biopsy specimens.

Using 80 gastric biopsy specimens from patients with various gastroduodenal diseases, the isolation rate of H. pylori and urease activity of the biopsy specimens were examined. The sensitivity and specificity of the rapid urease test was 84.6% and 75.9%, respectively, for the cultivation of H. pylori. The mean number of H. pylori detected in urease-positive and negative biopsy specimens was 10(6.1 +/- 0.9) and 10(4.5 +/- 1.2) cfu/g specimens, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Accommodative hysteresis of refractive errors in light and dark fields.

We investigated the accommodative hysteresis of the refractive error in the light and also in the dark in 19 healthy young women. We measured refractive error under light and dark conditions using the Nidek Autorefractometer AR 1600 with its target light on or off. Then we measured refractive error in the light and in the dark again after they performed nearwork. Post-task refractive error was measured after reading a magazine for 15 min wearing glasses -3.0 D over their distance correction. Nearwork produced a myopic shift of 0.21 D in the refractive error in the light but no shift in the refractive error in the dark. Refractive error in the dark increased significantly by the near task in eyes with more than 2.0 D of myopia, but it did not increase in eyes with less than 2.0 D of myopia. These apparent differences in the accommodative hysteresis are due to the different pre-task baseline values. If the post-task refractive error is evaluated with the same pre-task baseline value, the accommodative hysteresis does not differ among different refractive errors whether measured in the light or in the dark.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1993

Relation between the dark focus of accommodation and refractive error--a cycloplegic study.

We measured distance refractive error (Dist R), dark refractive error (Dark R), and cycloplegic refractive error (Cyclo R) in 196 subjects whose ages ranged from 4 to 17 years, using the Canon Autoref R-1. We defined the values of (Dark R--Dist R) as DFcus (Dist R) and those of (Dark R--Cyclo R) as DFcus (Cyclo R) in this study. Although DFcus (Dist R) was larger in less myopic and more hyperopic eyes similar to DFcus (Cyclo R), it was zero or plus in high hyperopic eyes, unlike DFcus (Cyclo R). We found Dist R was more strongly influenced by Cyclo R than was Dark R. It is not adequate to use Dist R as the far point for precise evaluation of the dark focus. We should use the difference between Dark R vs. Cyclo R as the true value of the dark focus of accommodation.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1993

Dark focus of accommodation and uncorrected visual acuity.

We compared the dark focus of accommodation in 33 healthy children, 19 eyes with good uncorrected visual acuity (1.0 or more) vs. 14 with poor uncorrected visual acuity (below 1.0). The two groups were matched for age and cycloplegic refractive error. Cycloplegic refractive error ranged from +0.15 to +1.75 D in the good visual acuity group and from +0.25 to +1.87 D in the poor visual acuity group. The dark focus was defined as the difference between the refractive error in the dark and the refractive error under cycloplegia. Initially, visual acuity was measured subjectively. Next, refractive error in the dark was measured using the Nidek Autorefractometer AR1600 with its optical target light off. Refractive error under cycloplegia was measured 40 min after the instillation of cyclopentolate hydrochloride using the same autorefractometer. There was a significant correlation between the dark focus and the cycloplegic refractive error (r = -0.53, p < 0.01). Despite an equal refractive error under cycloplegia the dark focus was significantly larger in the eyes with good uncorrected visual acuity than in those with poor uncorrected visual acuity (p < 0.01). Tonic accommodation may influence uncorrected visual acuity.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1993

Dark focus of accommodation in children with accommodative esotropia and hyperopic anisometropia.

We evaluated the dark focus of accommodation, referred to as tonic accommodation, in 60 young hyperopic subjects, 20 with and 20 without accommodative esotropia, and 20 with hyperopic anisometropia. We measured the distance, dark, and cycloplegic refractive errors by the Nidek Autorefractometer AR1600. The difference between dark and cycloplegic refractive errors was defined as the dark focus. The dark focus was significantly larger in esotropic eyes than in non-esotropic eyes, despite similar cycloplegic refractive errors in both types of eyes, suggesting that tonic accommodation may be associated with ocular position. The dark focus was similar in eyes of the same subjects with hyperopic anisometropia and also in normal and amblyopic eyes, suggesting that tonic accommodation is similar in both eyes in subjects with anisometropia and amblyopia.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1993

Unusual case of plasma cell tumor with monoclonal gammopathy of the sino-nasal cavity and clavicular bone.

A rare case of extramedullary plasmacytoma in the sino-nasal cavity is presented. During a prolonged clinical course, the tumor has recurred several times after irradiation, chemotherapy and surgery, and presented in the clavicular bone as well. Immunohistochemical staining of each tumor showed IgA kappa phenotype, and immunoelectrophoresis of the serum showed overproduction of IgA with kappa light chains. Although an elevation of serum IgA persists, the patient has remained well without evidence of overt multiple myeloma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Modulation of morphine action by lauric acid.

Intraperitoneal administration of lauric acid (C12) at the high doses, 100-1000 mumol/kg, showed weak but dose-dependent antinociceptive effect in mice. Pretreatment of the animals with 0.1 mumol/kg of i.p. C12 tended to suppress the antinociceptive effect of 7 mg/kg of s.c. morphine and daily combination of this dose of C12 with 10 mg/kg of s.c. morphine blocked the development of antinociceptive tolerance to morphine. However, increasing or decreasing of the dose of C12 resulted in the loss of its modulatory effect on morphine. The strict dose-dependency of C12 in its action on morphine suggests that there is a regulatory role for C12, a medium length straight chain fatty acid, in the endogenous pain inhibitory system.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1993

Dyspepsia and dyspepsia subgroups in Japan: symptom profiles and experience with cisapride.

In 240 patients with symptoms of dyspepsia, recruited consecutively and investigated in 12 hospitals in Japan, 24.2% were diagnosed having organic dyspepsia; 75.8% had functional dyspepsia, of whom 63.2% were diagnosed by the investigator having dysmotility-like, 13.7% ulcer-like, 11.5% reflux-like, and 11.5% non-specific dyspepsia. There was, however, considerable overlap of symptom profiles. Cisapride therapy initiated in functional dyspeptic patients resulted in moderate or marked improvement in 79.1% of the patients with the highest response rates for dysmotility-like (85.2%), reflux-like (81.0%), and non-specific dyspepsia (76.1%) (versus 52.0% for ulcer-like dyspepsia).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Pharmacokinetics of the gastrokinetic agent mosapride citrate after single and multiple oral administrations in healthy subjects.

The pharmacokinetics and dose proportionality of mosapride citrate ((+-)-4-amino-5-chloro-2-ethoxy-N-[[4- (4-fluorobenzyl)-2-morpholinyl]methyl]benzamide citrate dihydrate, AS-4370, CAS 112885-42-4) were investigated in healthy male volunteers. The subjects were given a single oral dose (5, 10, 20 and 40 mg, each of 5 subjects) and a multiple oral dose (20 mg t.i.d. for one day, and 10 and 20 mg t.i.d. for 8 days, each of 5 subjects). Food effect on the pharmacokinetics of mosapride was also evaluated after a single oral 10 mg dose by an open, two-way crossover method. Mean plasma levels of mosapride reached a peak 0.5-1 h after single dosing of 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg. The peaks were dose-related with values of 25.1, 51.2, 157.8 and 280.6 ng/ml, respectively, and were followed by a first-order decrease with apparent half-lives of 1.4-2.0 h. The Cmax and AUC increased in proportion to the dose, indicating linear pharmacokinetics of mosapride up to 40 mg. The Cmax of M-1, a des-4-fluorobenzyl metabolite, was 1/6 of that of the unchanged drug. Urinary excretion of the unchanged mosapride and M-1 during 48 h after single dosing accounted for 0.1-0.4% and 7.0-11.0% of the dose, respectively. There were no significant changes in the plasma concentration-time profiles and urinary excretions between single and multiple doses, indicating that the pharmacokinetics of mosapride in man was not altered by its multiple administration. Plasma levels of mosapride reached steady state on day 2 of multiple administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

Athletes as health testing examinees.

Health-testing examination data of 91 male and 54 female athletes were studied, together with age-matched controls, on serum biochemistry, ECG findings, hematology, and some data on gynecological physiology. Analysis of serum biochemical values revealed statistically significant differences in 14 of 18 routine test items as compared with the age-matched controls. In ECG findings, the combination of bradycardia and left ventricular hypertrophy was most frequently found in male athletes, whereas that of bradycardia and sinus arrhythmia was observed predominantly in female athletes. The incidence of anemia and menstrual dysfunction was higher in female athletes than in controls, especially in the basketball team. In the same team, a high rate of deviant ECG records and a different distribution of the age at menarche were also observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Immunogenetic studies of spina bifida--sibling cases in three families].

We reported sibling cases of spina bifida in three families. In the first family, three boys were the products of one mother and different two fathers. They all suffered from spina bifida cystica with various degrees of hydrocephalus. Cyst closure and ventriculo-peritoneal shunt were performed. Elder boys had more severe neurological deficits. In the second family, two boys and one girl were affected. The elder boy had minimum neurological deficit but the younger boy had a severe neurological deficit and hydrocephalus. Cyst closure was performed on both of them but the shunting procedure was not. The girl was normal. In the third family, three girls were affected. The second girl suffered from spina bifida cystica with hydrocephalus and cyst closure was performed. After that ventriculo-peritoneal shunt was done. Other two girls were spina bifida occulta without any neurological deficit. HLA typing, red blood cell antigen typing and chromosome test were studied in three families. There was no evidence of linkage between spina bifida and HLA antigens. Also no relationship between spina bifida and red blood cell antigens. They all had normal chromosomes. We could not make as one material for genetic counseling from above studied three methods.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1993

[Clinical assessment of meningeal carcinomatosis; from the viewpoint of the analysis of intracranial pressure].

Meningeal carcinomatoses (MC) have been mainly studied from the viewpoint of the analysis of intracranial pressure (ICP). From the CT findings, ten patients were divided into two groups: group I, six patients showed characteristics of MC; group II, four showed normal characteristics. Ventricular fluid pressure (VFP) was continuously measured by a controlled ventricular drainage tube using a Spectramed P-10EZ at 3.1 +/- 2.1 months after the onset of the neurological symptoms. At the same time as VFP monitoring, the CBF by 133Xe method was measured in 5 cases and RI cisternography was performed in 9 cases. "A" wave was observed in 5 cases of group I and in 3 cases of group II. "B" wave was observed in all cases of both groups. In all 10 cases, the occurrence rate of both A and B waves (ORA, ORB) were high, averaging 2.34 +/- 0.54 times/hour, 74.0 +/- 16.6% time, respectively. Mean resting pressure(R) and mean peak pressure(P) tended to be high, averaging 28.8 +/- 12.2mmHg, 58.9 +/- 13.7mmHg, respectively. Mean cerebral perfusion pressure corresponding with R and P (CPPR, CPPP) was markedly reduced, averaging 79.1 +/- 15.9mmHg, 50.9 +/- 12.7mmHg, respectively. Both ORA and ORB in group I were higher, and both CPPR and CPPP in group 1 were lower, than in group II. Statistically, this is significant. Both R and P in Group I tended to be higher than in group II. This has no statistical significance. CBF in all 5 cases averaged 34.8 +/- 8.4ml/100g/min. No significant difference in the impairment of CBF was found between both groups. RI cisternography showed delayed clearance in all 9 cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗