Isolation of fecal Clostridium perfringens from broiler chickens and their susceptibility to eight antimicrobial agents for growth promotion.
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Animal Feed↗
Biomedical subjects
T Mitsuoka
Publications and source records attributed to T Mitsuoka.
Brain lesions induced by hypertonic saline in mice: dose and injection route and incidence of lesions.
A single injection of hypertonic saline produced brain lesions with corresponding nervous signs in mice. The lesions were most often found in the hippocampus and were characterized by degeneration and loss of pyramidal cells. They could be induced effectively by a single administration of 20 ml of 25% saline/kg orally or of 30 ml of 8.5% saline/kg intraperitoneally. This simple experimental system seems to be a useful model of central nervous system involvement.
Administration, Oral↗
Behavioral characteristics in mice with brain lesions induced by hypertonic saline.
Behavioral and histopathological characteristics were studied in mice treated repeatedly with hypertonic saline. In passive avoidance response using a step-through-type shuttle box, the mice treated with hypertonic saline showed shorter latency than control mice. No changes were observed in active avoidance response using a two-way-type shuttle box, spontaneous motor activity or motor function. Histopathological examination revealed marked and frequent degeneration and loss of neurons in the hippocampus as compared with animals after single treatment. The animals with severe hippocampal lesions showed impairment of passive avoidance response. The present brain lesions resulting from repeated treatment with hypertonic saline in mice are considered to be a possible model for memory disorders caused by hippocampal lesions in humans.
Animals↗
Histopathology of BALB/c mice infected with the D variant of encephalomyocarditis virus.
BALB/c mice infected with 10(5) pfu of the D variant of encephalomyocarditis virus were examined histopathologically during the subacute stage of infection. Main pathologic changes were observed in the brain, heart (massive myocardial necrosis with subsequent organization (i.e., replacement of necrotic myocardium by connective tissue) and congestion and dilatation of the right ventricle) and pancreas (moderate degranulation of beta-cells resulting in elevation of blood glucose level). The brain lesions were found most frequently in the pyramidal layer of the hippocampus and the granular layer of the cerebellum and were characterized by degeneration of neurons containing virus antigens. Perivascular mononuclear cell infiltration, spreading to the adjacent brain tissue, and thrombosis in small vessels were also frequently seen. Focal loss of neurons and gliosis developed later in these lesions.
Animals↗
[Bacterial flora of the large intestine].
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Bacteria↗
Effect of fructo-oligosaccharides on intestinal microflora.
Fructo-oligosaccharides are widely distributed in plants such as onions, asparagus, wheat etc., and obtained from sucrose by the action of fructosyltransferase. They are not hydrolyzed by human digestive enzymes, but are utilized by intestinal bacteria such as bifidobacteria. Bacteroides fragilis group, peptostreptococci and klebsiellae. In the experiment with 23 patients (73 +/- 9 years old), improvement of fecal microflora was observed by oral administration of fructo-oligosaccharides 8 g per day for two weeks: the population of bifidobacteria in feces increased about 10 times compared before the administration; average pH of stool showed 0.3 lower than that before administration.
Carbohydrate Sequence↗
Asystole with syncope following strenuous exercise in a man without organic heart disease.
A 29-year-old man without organic heart disease who had a history of six episodes of syncope following sudden cessation of strenuous exercise over the last 18 years was reported. Resting electrocardiogram and 24-hour electrocardiographic monitoring did not show any rhythm disturbance or ischemic changes. Sinus node recovery time, sinoatrial conduction time and A-V conduction were normal on electrophysiologic study. Asystole with syncope occurred immediately following sudden cessation of strenuous exercise and following release of intrathoracic pressure during Valsalva's maneuver performed after subcutaneous administration of 0.5 mg of epinephrine. However, Master's single two-step test and Valsalva's maneuver performed without epinephrine could not evoke asystole. It was assumed from these results that transient overactivity of the autonomic nervous system and sympathetic-parasympathetic interactions were the underlying factors responsible for the occurrence of asystole following sudden cessation of strenuous exercise in the present case.
Adult↗
Effect of the two-year milk-feeding on the gastrointestinal microflora of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis).
The effect of the two-year milk-feeding on the gastrointestinal (GI) microflora of a cynomolgus monkey was determined. Bifidobacterium spp. in the animal fed with cow's milk alone were distributed in higher number in the stomach, duodenum, cecum, and rectum. The increasingly higher numbers of Lactobacillus spp. and Candida spp. were counted in all regions of the GI tract of the animal fed with the formula diet. Bacteroidaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Streptococcus spp. were detected from the upper to lower intestines in the monkey given only milk, whereas in the monkey given the formula, those bacterial species were localized in only the lower intestines.
Animals↗
Early ultrastructural changes in the biliary epithelial cells of BALB/c and DDY mice immunized with swine serum.
Electron microscopic observations were carried out on the biliary epithelial cells of BALB/c and DDY mice which had received an intraperitoneal injection of 0.2 ml of swine serum twice a week for 2 or 4 weeks. The most characteristic feature of the biliary epithelial cells of BALB/c mice was a marked increase in the number of vesicles having a close spatial relationship with the well-developed Golgi apparatus or rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER). In contrast, marked dilation of rER filled with moderately electron-dense material was conspicuous in the biliary epithelial cells of DDY mice. A prominent increase in the number of blebs and lateral and basal cytoplasmic protrusions in the dilated intercellular space of the biliary epithelium, and submucosal eosinophil infiltration, collagen fiber proliferation and gland hyperplasia with increased mucin secretion were common to both strains. This experimental model of bile duct disease also seems to be useful for investigating alteration of protein synthesis and secretion in epithelial cells.
Animals↗
Serotype, antimicrobial susceptibility, and pathogenicity of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae isolates from tonsils of apparently healthy slaughter pigs.
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was isolated from tonsils of 63 (10.5%) of 600 apparently healthy slaughter pigs in the Kanto area of Japan in February and July 1984. The isolation rate was significantly higher during July than in February. Of these 63 isolates, 34 isolates (54.0%) were serotype 7, 20 isolates (31.7%) were serotype 2, 6 isolates (9.5%) were serotype 6, and 1 isolate (1.6%) each was serotype 11, 12, or 16. All isolates of serotypes 2, 6, 11, 12, and 16 were highly virulent for mice, whereas most isolates of serotype 7 were weakly virulent. In swine, all isolates of serotype 2 were highly virulent, capable of inducing generalized urticarial lesions with depression and anorexia. On the other hand, 37 of 43 isolates of serotypes other than 2 induced no clinical signs, and the remaining 6 isolates induced local urticarial lesions at the site of inoculation in swine. The MIC of dihydrostreptomycin ranged from 1.56 to 100 micrograms/ml. All of the dihydrostreptomycin-resistant strains belonged to serotype 2. The high virulence of E. rhusiopathiae strains of serotype 2 harbored in the tonsils suggests a possible role of such strains in the cause of swine erysipelas. In contrast, members of the other nonvirulent or weakly virulent group, mainly serotype 7 strains, were considered to be resident in porcine tonsils.
Animals↗
Canine AV nodal artery: anatomical variations and a detailed description of cannulation technique.
Cannulation of the atrioventricular (AV) nodal artery for selective perfusion of the AV node is a useful physiological method for evaluating the direct effects of pharmacological agents on the AV node. However, previous reports have not included a detailed description of the technique for AV nodal artery cannulation. Furthermore, successful cannulation is dependent on familiarity with the anatomical variations of the AV nodal artery [i.e., the most superior posterior septal artery (PSA)], which supplies blood to the AV nodal region and the posterior descending artery (PDA). The purpose of this report is to describe in detail the technique for cannulation of the AV nodal artery as well as the common anatomical variations of this artery. The anatomy of the PDA and PSA was studied at postmortem examination with ink injection in 30 dogs. Verification of the anatomical location of the AV nodal artery was aided by the induction of transient AV nodal conduction block following intracoronary administration of acetylcholine in the beating heart, as was done in previous studies. Two main variations and two subtypes of PDA anatomy and three main variations of AV nodal artery were found. Based on the present findings, an improved technique for cannulation of the AV nodal artery was established. Using this technique, we achieved a high rate of successful cannulation.
Animals↗
Differential vagal effects on antegrade vs. retrograde atrioventricular conduction.
The influence of postganglionic vagal stimulation (PGVS) on antegrade and retrograde atrioventricular nodal conduction was studied in 17 isolated rabbit heart tissue preparations by pacing at the crista terminalis or His bundle, respectively. The effect of short bursts of PGVS on prolongation of atrioventricular conduction was phase dependent with respect to the cardiac cycle. This phasic dependency was more pronounced during antegrade atrioventricular conduction. Although the control retrograde atrioventricular conduction time was longer than the antegrade (P less than 0.05) at or near the time in the cycle during which vagal stimulation caused maximal prolongation of conduction time (optimal phase), PGVS-induced maximal prolongation of the antegrade atrioventricular conduction time was significantly greater than that of the retrograde (P less than 0.02). Moreover, when PGVS was introduced at a fixed phase in the cycle, but with increasing amplitude, antegrade atrioventricular conduction time was progressively prolonged, and block was observed first in the antegrade direction, whereas retrograde atrioventricular conduction continued. Microelectrode recordings during these experiments showed consistently that PGVS-induced hyperpolarization in the N region of the atrioventricular node was greater during antegrade atrioventricular conduction. This suggests that vagal effects depended not only on the intensity and phase of stimulation, but also on electronic influences which apparently are different during antegrade and retrograde conduction.
Action Potentials↗
Antigenic heterogeneity of non-pigmented Bacteroides species isolated from the human oral cavity.
Serological studies on 27 strains of non-pigmented Bacteroides isolated from the human oral cavity revealed multiple serotypes within B. buccae. B. capillus (= B. buccae) and B. pentosaceus (= B. buccae) were found to be serogroups within B. buccae. B. denticola possessed cross-reactive antigens with B. buccae. Tested strains of B. oralis, B. veroralis, B. oris, and B. heparinolyticus were clearly differentiated from each other.
Antigens, Bacterial↗
Intestinal bacteria antagonistic to Clostridium difficile in mice.
Overgrowth by Clostridium difficile has been reported in conventional mice injected intraperitoneally with ampicillin. In this study, we aimed to determine which types of indigenous intestinal bacteria were eliminated by ampicillin to allow overgrowth by C. difficile. C. difficile overgrowth was associated with a decrease in the numbers of lactobacilli, an increase in bacteroidaceae and a slight decrease in the frequency of isolation of fusiform-shaped bacteria (clostridia). C. difficile cytotoxin was detected in caeca from mice in which the numbers of C. difficile were greater than 10(5) per gram of faeces. Gnotobiotic mice were inoculated with various groups of intestinal anaerobes to determine which members of the indigenous flora would antagonize C. difficile. Gnotobiotic mice inoculated with three strains of lactobacilli, 37 strains of bacteroides or 46 strains of clostridia isolated from limited-flora mice were unable to eliminate C. difficile. C. difficile was eliminated, however, from the gastrointestinal tracts of gnotobiotic mice inoculated with whole faeces or chloroform-treated faeces from conventional mice or whole faeces from limited-flora mice containing only clostridia.
Ampicillin↗
Age-related non-neoplastic lesions in the heart and kidneys of Syrian hamsters of the APA strain.
Spontaneous cardiac and renal lesions in APA hamsters were examined histopathologically. Myocardial degeneration, valvular thickening, coronary arterial degeneration and increase in heart weight were common in old hamsters. These changes, which suggest cardiac failure, seem to be related to cardiac thrombosis which predominantly affected the left atrium and was found in over 40% of each sex over 16 months of age. Neither glomerular amyloidosis nor arteriolar nephrosclerosis was detected. In general the histopathology of renal lesions in APA hamsters resembled that of the condition known as glomerulonephrosis in rats. Renal lesions occurred more frequently and more severely and developed more rapidly in females than in males. There was no apparent correlation between cardiac thrombosis and renal disease.
Aging↗
Comparison of fecal microflora between wild Japanese monkeys in a snowy area and laboratory-reared Japanese monkeys.
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Animal Feed↗
Influence of collateral flow reduction on electrophysiologic properties of preexisting ischemic area and inducibility of ventricular arrhythmias in the dog.
Electrophysiologic properties of the left ventricle, vulnerability to ventricular arrhythmias and regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF) of the left ventricle were examined during superposition of acute ischemia on a healed myocardial infarction. The left circumflex coronary artery (LCX) was ligated in 13 dogs with a 28-day-old anteroapical infarction. Six (46%) of 13 dogs had reproducible ventricular tachycardia in response to programmed ventricular stimulation before LCX ligation. Ventricular fibrillation could be induced in 2 of these 6 dogs. After LCX ligation, 11 (85%) of 13 dogs had ventricular arrhythmias induced by ventricular stimulation. Nine of 13 dogs had ventricular tachycardia and 7 of 13 dogs had ventricular fibrillation. The heterogeneity of the effective refractory period (delta ERP) and the local intraventricular conduction time (LIVCT) in the border and the infarct zones of the left ventricle increased significantly after LCX ligation. RMBF in the border and the infarct zones were markedly decreased by LCX ligation. The magnitude of reduction of RMBF was correlated significantly with the prolongation of LIVCT. In conclusion, acute critical reduction of the collateral blood supply causes a more heterogeneous refractory period and conduction delay in the preexisting ischemic area of the heart, increasing the vulnerability to lethal ventricular arrhythmias.
Animals↗
The QT prolongation syndrome: long-term follow-up study of 13 families with Romano-Ward syndrome.
To investigate the long-term course or natural history of Romano-Ward syndrome, 131 cases from the affected side of 13 families with the syndrome were examined by electrocardiography and a review of the histories. The patients were followed up for 2-13 years, with an average of 7.2 years. Five patients (3.8%) died suddenly, four with QT prolongation and one with a normal QT interval. Fourteen patients (10.7%) with QT prolongation developed episodes of syncope, whereas 58 patients (44.3%) showed only QT prolongation without syncopal episode. Three of the thirteen families were asymptomatic, with no cases of syncopal episodes or sudden death, although more than 50% of the examined cases in these families showed definite QT prolongation. In the other ten families, syncopal attacks and/or sudden death occurred in some of the family members. In two of the ten symptomatic families, the probands developed their first syncopal attacks very late in their lives (at the ages of 64 and 75 years), and both families had been asymptomatic before these elder family members became symptomatic. In two cases, syncopal attacks disappeared after electrocardiographic improvement. The present study suggests that: (a) asymptomatic families of Romano-Ward syndrome exist, (b) asymptomatic families may sometimes become symptomatic, and (c) regression of the manifestations of Romano-Ward syndrome may occur in some cases.
Adolescent↗