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Biomedical subjects

T Minami

Publications and source records attributed to T Minami.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Mediastinal lymphnode dissection procedure during esophageal cancer operation--carefully considered for preserving respiratory function.

In 22 patients with esophageal cancer, mediastinal lymphnode dissection procedure, with preservation of the right bronchial artery and pulmonary branches of the right vagus nerve, was performed during radical esophagectomy. In patients who underwent this procedure, respiratory function was sufficiently maintained against severe complications and the operative and hospital death rate was less than that of other esophagectomized patients.

Bronchial Arteries↗
PubMed1988

A latissimus dorsi muscle flap used for repair of the esophagus after enucleation of a giant leiomyoma--a case report.

A giant leiomyoma of the esophagus, 11.5 X 5.0 cm in size, which occupied half of the esophageal circumference, was surgically enucleated. A small epithelial defect caused by the enucleation of the tumor was directly closed, and a large muscular defect was covered with a latissimus dorsi muscle flap, introduced into the thoracic cavity through the space where the second rib had been resected. Postoperatively, a leakage at the epithelial suture line was noted, however, it was localized by the muscle flap coverage and spontaneously healed two weeks postoperatively. During the follow-up period of 1.5 years, no diverticle formation or stenosis occurred, and the patient had no complaints. The present clinical experience indicates that this procedure may be a useful method of grafting after excision of giant leiomyoma of the esophagus.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Effects of sulphated cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) on the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus.

Sulphated cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) was applied by superfusion (2.1 x 10(-7) to 4.2 x 10(-6) M) to neurons of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) in slice preparations of the rat medulla oblongata. Intracellular recordings show 23 of 54 (43%) neurons to be depolarized and the depolarization to be associated with an increase in membrane input resistance; 6 of 54 (11%) neurons were hyperpolarized and the hyperpolarization was associated with a decrease in membrane input resistance. Both effects were dose-dependent, reversible and persisted after blockade of synaptic transmission by Ca2+ free/high Mg2+ solution. On the other hand, nonsulphated CCK-8, a nonactive analogue of CCK-8, had no effect. These data show that vagal neurons in the DMV have receptors for CCK-8 and that CCK-8 may modulate vagal output mainly by increasing neuronal excitability.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1988

A novel endogenous sugar acid depolarizes ventromedial hypothalamic neurons in vitro.

2-Buten-4-olide (2-B-4-O) has been identified in the serum of fasted rats and proved to act as a feeding suppressant. The effect of 2-B-4-O on neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) nucleus was investigated with intracellular recordings in brain slice preparations of rats. 2-B-4-O, applied by perfusion (0.1-10 mM) or drops (50-100 mM), dose dependently depolarized 30% of the VMH neurons tested. The depolarization by 2-B-4-O application persisted after complete elimination of synaptic inputs during perfusion with Ca2+-free/high-Mg2+ solution. The depolarization, accompanied by a decrease in membrane conductance, reversed polarity around -95 mV and was dependent on extracellular K+ concentration. The VMH neurons depolarized by 2-B-4-O had some specific electrophysiological properties corresponding with those of glucoreceptor neurons. The results suggest that 2-B-4-O directly excites VMH neurons, presumed to be glucoreceptor neurons, by decreasing K+ conductance, and this effect may participate in the feeding suppressive action of 2-B-4-O.

4-Butyrolactone↗
PubMed1988

Isolation of Theileria sergenti piroplasms from infected erythrocytes and development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serodiagnosis of T sergenti infections.

A method of obtaining a pure suspension of Theileria sergenti piroplasms from infected bovine erythrocytes was developed and the resulting parasites used as antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Piroplasms were freed from infected erythrocytes using the nitrogen cavitation technique and then separated from unbroken erythrocytes by centrifugation at 670 gmax. The parasites in the supernatant were then sedimented by centrifugation at 2700 gmax and the purified fraction examined by electron microscopy. This examination showed that the isolated piroplasms were morphologically intact and that there were few contaminants. SDS-PAGE and spectrophotometric analysis showed that this fraction contained little erythrocyte component. The piroplasms thus obtained were sonicated and treated with Triton X-100 then used for ELISA antigen. The ELISA values had a high correlation with titres obtained using the indirect fluorescent antibody test on sera from cattle infected with T sergenti.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Compliance in epileptic children in Japan.

We investigated compliance in 133 epileptic patients with an onset before 15 years. Compliance was determined according to prescription rate. Those with a prescription rate over 95% were regarded as compliant and those with a rate below 95% as non-compliant. One-hundred patients (75.2%) were compliant. Good compliance was related to early onset of epilepsy, high seizure frequency, short duration of seizure-free period and self-reported complete intake of medicine. Duration of epilepsy, seizure/drug calendar recording, number of drugs and plasma level of antiepileptic drugs were not associated with compliance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

The effects of noradrenaline on neurones in the rat dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, in vitro.

1. Intracellular recordings were made from vagal motoneurones identified by antidromic stimulation in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (d.m.v.) in slice preparations of rat medulla oblongata. 2. Noradrenaline (NA) applied by perfusion (0.01 microM to 1 mM) depolarized 55%, hyperpolarized 32% and produced a biphasic response (hyperpolarization followed by depolarization) in 9% of the d.m.v. neurones tested. 3. The NA effects persisted after complete elimination of synaptic inputs during perfusion with Ca2+-free high-Mg2+ solution, and therefore probably resulted from a direct action on the postsynaptic membranes. 4. The NA depolarization was blocked by prazosin and the NA hyperpolarization by yohimbine, but neither was blocked by propranolol or timolol. Phenoxybenzamine blocked both responses. The results indicate that NA depolarization is mediated by alpha 1-adrenoceptors and hyperpolarization by alpha 2-adrenoceptors. 5. The neurones which were depolarized by NA were also hyperpolarized by NA when the alpha 1-adrenoceptors were blocked by prazosin (all of seven neurones tested). This result suggests that most vagal motoneurones in the d.m.v. have both alpha 1-and alpha 2-adrenoceptors. 6. The NA depolarization was accompanied by a decrease in membrane conductance and the hyperpolarization by an increase in membrane conductance, both of which were measured under manual-clamp conditions. 7. The reversal potentials for the NA responses were around -85 mV in normal Ringer solution, and shifted as predicted by the Nernst equation when the extracellular K+ concentration was changed. 8. The inhibitory postsynaptic potentials evoked by focal electrical stimulation on the slice surface of the commissural part of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (n.t.s.), which contains an A2 catecholaminergic cell group, were abolished by yohimbine. 9. The results suggest that NA modulates vagal output by decreasing or increasing the K+ conductance of d.m.v. neurones through alpha 1- or alpha 2-adrenoceptors. In addition, the A2 noradrenergic cell group within the n.t.s. may send inhibitory inputs to the d.m.v.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1987

[An antiemetic effect of methylprednisolone plus droperidol against nausea and vomiting caused by administration of high-dose adriamycin to breast carcinoma patients].

An antiemetic combination of methylprednisolone and droperidol was administered to 10 patients with breast cancer showing postoperative recurrence, receiving high-dose adriamycin. Methylprednisolone was given twice intravenously at a dose of 500 mg, before and after administration of adriamycin, and droperidol was given just before administration of adriamycin. The 10 patients received a total of 20 chemotherapy courses. Complete relief of vomiting was achieved in 95% of these 20 courses, and mild nausea occurred in 40%. Side effects were drowsiness, acne and akathisia, which were minimal. It was concluded that an antiemetic combination of methylprednisolone and droperidol was very effective for prevention of high-dose adriamycin-induced nausea and vomiting.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Mechanism of the rapid effect of 17 beta-estradiol on medial amygdala neurons.

The mechanism by which sex steroids rapidly modulate the excitability of neurons was investigated by intracellular recording of neurons in rat medial amygdala brain slices. Brief hyperpolarization and increased potassium conductance were produced by 17 beta-estradiol. This effect persisted after elimination of synaptic input and after suppression of protein synthesis. Thus, 17 beta-estradiol directly changes the ionic conductance of the postsynaptic membrane of medial amygdala neurons. In addition, a greater proportion of the neurons from females than from males responded to 17 beta-estradiol.

Amygdala↗
PubMed1986

Electrophysiological properties and glucose responsiveness of guinea-pig ventromedial hypothalamic neurones in vitro.

The membrane properties of neurones in the guinea-pig ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (v.m.h.) were studied in in vitro brain slice preparations. The average resting potential was -62.9 +/- 5.4 mV (mean +/- S.D.), input resistance was 155 +/- 58 M omega, and action potential amplitude was 69.9 +/- 6.3 mV. Three types of neurone were identified. The type A neurones were characterized by a short membrane time constant (7.3 +/- 2.0 ms) and a small after-hyperpolarization (a.h.p.) (2.0 +/- 1.2 mV) with a short half decay time of 67 +/- 55 ms after stimulation with a long outward current pulse. Type B had a long time constant (18.8 +/- 5.7 ms) and a large a.h.p. (6.9 +/- 2.4 mV) with a medium half decay time of 203 +/- 90 ms. Type C was characterized by a long time constant (14.3 +/- 2.3 ms) and a large a.h.p. (6.5 +/- 1.5 mV) with a long half decay time of 478 +/- 230 ms. The slopes of the frequency-current (f-I) plots of the three types were different, particularly for the first spike interval. The slopes for the type A (414 +/- 102 impulses s-1 nA-1) and type B neurones (480 +/- 120 impulses s-1 nA-1) were steeper than that for the type C neurones (178 +/- 41 impulses s-1 nA-1). This difference is probably related to the relatively long first interval observed in the type C neurones. In all type B and a few type C neurones, when the membrane potential was hyperpolarized beyond--65 mV the application of orthodromic or direct stimulation generated a burst of spikes, consisting of a low-threshold response (l.t.r.) of low amplitude and superimposed high-frequency spikes. At the original resting potential, outward current pulses produced a train of low-frequency spikes. In type C neurones maintained in a depolarized state (about -50 mV), inward current pulses produced a specific delay of the return to the original membrane potential. This delayed return was thought to be generated by activation of a transient K+ (IA) conductance. Stimulation at the lateral edge of the v.m.h. produced excitatory post-synaptic potentials (e.p.s.p.s) in type A neurones, e.p.s.p.s with l.t.r. in type B neurones and e.p.s.p.-inhibitory post-synaptic potential sequences in type C neurones. About 20% of v.m.h. neurones, particularly the type C cells, were depolarized by glucose application with an associated increase in the input membrane resistance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Action Potentials↗