Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to T Midtvedt.
Fecal excretion of coprostanol was followed in groups of healthy volunteers receiving various antibiotics per os. No effect upon excretion was found in the groups receiving phenoximethylpenicillin or doxicycline, whereas a prolonged reduction was found in the groups receiving clindamycin, ampicillin, oxitetracycline or a fixed combination of bacitracin and neomycin.
Using 32P-labelled Escherichia coli, the effect of 8 antibacterial agents on the ability of rat polymorphonuclear cells to ingest the labelled bacteria was studied with and without serum present during the ingestion phase. No impairment of ingestion was observed when testing gentamicin, cephalothin and trimethoprim. High doses of oxytetracycline, doxycycline, colistin, erythromycin and chloramphenicol seemed to impair ingestion. The effect was most pronounced when applying 100 mug/ml of doxycycline: the ingestive capability was reduced to 25% without serum and 24% with serum present compared to untreated controls. 83 mug/ml of colistin reduced theingestion to 39% without serum present, this effect being totally eliminated when serum was present during the ingestion phase.
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A computer system for handling data collected from antibiotic sensitivity testing of clinical bacterial isolates is described. The system allows a rapid handling of the information collected, supplying the ward and laboratory with cummulative data on each patient. The bacteriologist and the clinician are thus suitably armed when creating a rational antibiotic therapy.
A glycoprotein fraction, by which the 32P-releasing activity of serum on labelled E. coli is lowered, was isolated from caecum content of germfree rats. The glycoprotein contained 83.1% sulphate, and 16.1% protein. The molecular weight ranged from 3.2 X 10(5) to 2.4 X 10(6), and the iso-electric point from pH 0.9 to 3.0. Physiologically, it may play a role in the interaction(s) between the host and its intestinal flora.
A method to be used for in vitro assay of the elimination of ingested 32P-labelled E. coli from rat PMN monolayers has been evaluated. The rate of expulsion of bacterial label from phagocytes into the extracellular medium was found to range between 40 and 50% of the total uptake 180 min after termination of ingestion. Serum enhanced the cellular uptake of bacteria, but did not affect the rate of elimination. Disintegration of the phagocytes was not found to be a problem.
The activities of beta-glucuronidase, arylsulphatase A and acid DNAase were measured in homogenates from Kupffer cells and hepatocytes prepared from germ-free, monocontaminated and conventional rats. The cells were prepared from a liver cell suspension obtained by treating the perfused liver with collagenase. Kupffer cells from germ-free rats were found to have lower lysosomal enzyme activities than cells obtained from conventional rats. Monocontaminated animals (E. coli or Streptococcus pyogenes) showed intermediate activities. Our data indicate that the level of lysosomal enzymes in macrophages is a function of the endocytic activity of these cells.
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The bioavailability of nine commercial pediatric preparations of penicillin V was tested in a double-blind, cross-over fashion on ten healthy student nurses who were given 1 mill I.U. of the various preparations. The serum concentrations were determined using the paper disc method of "AB Biodisc" Sweden. The preparations could be divided into two different groups: (1) the mixtures (2) the effervescent tablets, substance for drops and granulate. This classification is based upon the mean peak serum levels obtained. With one exception the peak serum levels in group 2 were significantly higher than in group 1. 2,4 and 6 hours after ingestion there were no differences in the serum levels, indicating that none of the preparations gave sustained high serum levels. The results presented indicate that the preparations in group 2 should be preferred.
A non-lysogenic strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa maintained its phage sensitivity pattern and serogroup specificity unchanged for 10 weeks in ex-germfree, mono-contaminated rats before infection with phage. After infection with phage, phage conversions of serogroup specificity and lysotype were observed. With the same combination of bacterial and phage strains, the same serogroup was obtained in vitro and in vivo. In vitro conversion occurred also to serogroups that were not detected in vivo. Upon lyophilization, converted bacterial clones from the in vivo experiment lost their phage and simultaneously reverted to the original phage type and serogroup. These findings may have implications for the understanding of the degree of stability in epidemiological typing results for P. aeruginosa.
By means of radio-isotope technique, the influence of methylprednisolone treatment on opsonic and bactericidal serum activities against E. coli was studied on germfree and monocontaminated rats. Based on the present results it seems unlikely that methylprednisolone impairs the production of complement components. A slight suppression of antibody activity was only found in markedly wasted monocontaminated rats treated with very high doses of methylprednisolone from the day before contamination.
686 (22.5%) out of 3047 naval recruits from all parts of Norway showed positive reactions (induration greater than or equal to 2 mm) when tested with the toxoplasmin cutaneous test (TcT). The highest frequency of positive TcT was found in the south-western part of the country (34.7%). The frequency was low in the inland of Southern Norway (13.6%), and especially low in the northern part of the country (9.5%).
Removal of sialic acid from the glycoprotein and subsequent degradation with sodium hydroxide-sodium borohydride resulted in the formation of a number of low-molecular weight carbohydrate compounds of which three were isolated and characterized: 2-deoxy-2-acetamido-D-galactitol; O-alpha-6-fucopyranosyl (1 leads to 2)-O-Beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 leads to 3)-2-deoxy-2-acetamido-D-galactitol (oligosaccharide I); O-Beta-D galactopyranosyl-(1 leads to 3)-2-deoxy-2-acetamido-D-galactitol (oligosaccharide II). From an acetolysate of the desialized glycoprotein a fourth component was obtained and characterized to be O-Beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 leads to 4)-2-deoxy-2-acetamido-D-glucose (oligosaccharide III).
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