Neutrophil migration in granuloma annulare: comparative study between localized and generalized types and between active and regressive states.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
T Meshulam
Publications and source records attributed to T Meshulam.
Phagocytosis of mucoid and nonmucoid strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In order to evaluate the role of mucoid coating of clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a virulence factor, opsonophagocytosis of mucoid and nonmucoid strains of P. aeruginosa were studied by three different methods: uptake of [3H]adenine-labeled bacteria, oxygen consumption, and chemiluminescence production by phagocytosing polymorphonuclear leukocytes. All three methods showed a strong correlation with regard to phagocytosis of the bacterial isolates. As a group, the mucoid strains of P. aeruginosa demonstrated significantly reduced phagocytic uptake by leukocytes when compared to nonmucoid strains, although occasionally mucoid strains did exhibit normal uptake. In vitro growth of mucoid strains under nonstationary conditions was associated with reduced mucoid coating and with a corresponding increase in susceptibility to leukocyte phagocytosis. Although the overall bactericidal activity of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes for mucoid strains was diminished, this appears to be a function of reduced ingestion since the rate of intracellular killing was similar for mucoid and nonmucoid strains. The enhanced susceptibility of mucoid strains to spontaneous bactericidal activity of pooled human serum was confirmed. Mucoid-producing strains produced less protease in vitro; however, the role of this phenomenon in influencing phagocytosis is unknown.
Blood Bactericidal Activity↗
In vivo adherence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to rat bladder epithelium.
To date, the study of bacterial adherence to uroepithelial cells has utilized considerable variation in methodology, resulting in highly divergent conclusions. In an attempt to standardize methodology, a modified method is described to more accurately measure the in vivo bacterial adherence to rat bladder uroepithelium utilizing Pseudomonas species labeled with 2-[3H]adenine. Two isolates of P. aeruginosa were selected for more intensive study; one showed consistently good adherence; the second strain always adhered poorly, thus providing a negative control. Maximum adherence was detected after 60 min of incubation. Neither of the two Pseudomonas isolates when examined by transmission electron microscopy showed evidence of pili formation. The morphological features of Pseudomonas adherence to bladder mucosa as studied by scanning electron microscopy are described.
Animals↗
Serum-induced lysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
The sensitivity of 12 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains (5 mucoid and 7 non-mucoid strains) to serum and the interaction of these strains with the complement system was studied. Five strains (4 mucoid and 1 non-mucoid strains) were lysed in 20% normal serum as measured by the release of radiolabelled material from 3H-adenine labelled bacteria. Three of these strains were also lysed in MgEGTA chelated serum. All strains activated complement via the classical pathway, and six strains were able to activate the alternative complement pathway as well. Slime production did not interfere with bacteriolysis and complement consumption.
Bacteriolysis↗
Opsonization and phagocytosis of mucoid and non-mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains.
The interaction between Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains (6 non-mucoid and 4 mucoid strains), serum factors and phagocytic cells was investigated. Strains were incubated in different concentrations of normal serum, chelated serum (with only the alternative complement pathway intact), IgG, Cls, C2 and C3 deficient serum and immune serum. After incubation complement consumption, C3 fixation and phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) were measured. In contrast to normal serum, immune serum raised against a mucoid and a non-mucoid strain exhibited heat-stable opsonic activity. All ten Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were able to activate complement in 20% normal serum, leading to deposition of the activated form of the third complement component on the bacterial cell wall and to subsequent recognition and phagocytosis. One mucoid and four non-mucoid strains activated the alternative complement pathway and were effectively opsonized in chelated or in Cls, C2 or IgG deficient serum. Although mucoid strains were less able to activate complement via the alternative route, no differences were observed in opsonic requirements and phagocytosis between mucoid and non-mucoid strains.
Complement System Proteins↗
Lysozyme concentration in tears of patients with sicca syndrome.
Fifty-three patients with sicca syndrome and 34 healthy controls had their tear lysozyme concentration examined. Lysozyme level was significantly decreased (P less than .0005) in all patients with low Schirmer test values as compared with healthy controls. Even in rheumatoid arthritis patients with normal Schirmer test results a low concentration of tear lysozyme was found. Tear lysozyme can be used to detect subclinical involvement of lacrimal glands in collagen diseases.
Adult↗
Influence of bromhexine on tear lysozome level in keratoconjunctivitis sicca.
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Adult↗
Production of superoxide by neutrophils: a reappraisal.
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Cytochrome c Group↗
Comparative study of the endotoxin-stimulated nitroblue tetrazolium test in disease and health.
Endotoxin-stimulated nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction was evaluated in 853 individuals: 270 healthy controls, 334 with various non-neoplastic conditions, 220 with solid non-lymphomatous tumours, and 29 with lymphoma. Each of the above groups was divided into three age subgroups: less than 60, 60-69, and greater than or equal to 70 years. In the controls and in patients with nonmalignant diseases, significantly lower values were recorded for elderly subjects (greater than or equal to 60 years) compared with younger subjects of the same group, whereas in cancer patients the results were independent of age. Under the age of 60, stimulated values for both patient groups were significantly lower than the control values, and in patients with solid non-lymphomatous tumours significantly lower values were attained than in the other patients. NBT reduction in lymphoma patients was comparable to that of the controls. In the elderly (age greater than or equal to 70) no significant differences were noted between patients and controls. It is suggested that stimulated NBT reduction declines with advancing age. While this test clearly demonstrates some leucocyte dysfunction in solid cancer, its value in investigating neutrophil behaviour in elderly subjects is questioned.
Adult↗
Neutrophil function in cured cancer patients.
Spontaneous and endotoxin-stimulated nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) dye reduction was evaluated in 86 individuals cured of various types of solid malignancies and in 55 healthy adults. Oxygen consumption tests, at rest and during phagocytosis, were performed with polymorphonuclear leukocytes of 22 patients and 10 controls, chosen at random. The results revealed an impaired capacity of patients' neutrophils to reduce NBT. The decrease in the stimulated reduction values was more pronounced (p less than 0.0005) than in spontaneous values (p less than 0.01), and was also noticed in patients who had been treated by surgery alone and in those with a disease-free interval of 10 years or more. Oxygen consumption by patients' leukocytes was similar to that of controls. The present results, especially those of the endotoxin-stimulated NBT test, might reflect a neutrophil dysfunction in cured cancer patients. The nature of such an abnormality and its possible clinical implication are still obscure.
Adult↗
Spontaneous and stimulated nitroblue tetrazolium tests of leukocytes from patients with solid malignant tumors.
Histochemical nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction tests, spontaneous and endotoxin-stimulated, were performed on samples of blood from 202 adult patients with solid neoplastic tumors and 37 healthy control subjects. The patients were classified according to activity of the disease, chemotherapy, and presence of bacterial infection. The NBT test did not prove helpful in detecting the latter condition in these patients. Low median spontaneous reduction values were recorded for patients with active malignancies, or receiving chemotherapy, compared with controls or cured patients without chemotherapy. Stimulated reduction values were significantly lower for all groups of patients than for controls, although for those apparently cured and untreated, stimulated reduction attained significantly higher values than for the other patients. A leukocyte dysfunction caused by both the underlying disease and its chemotherapy is assumed, and the usefulness of the endotoxin-stimulated NBT reduction test in detecting this dysfunction is stressed.
Adult↗
Polymorphonuclear leucocyte function in Behçet's disease.
Polymorphonuclear leucocyte function was investigated in 19 patients with active Behçet's disease. Spontaneous free leucocyte migration was found to be significantly reduced, yet after stimulation the leucocyte's chemotactic activity was considerably increase (p less than 0-05) when compared to control leucocytes. Control leucocytes migrated more rapidly when incubated in serum taken from patients with Behçet's disease (p less than 0-005). The enhanced chemotactic activity in Bechçet's disease appears to be due to both serum and intrinsic leucocyte factors. Spontaneous nitroblue tetrazolium reduction was found to be normal, although after stimulation leucocyte nitroblue tetrazolium reduction was lower than in the control group (P less than 0-025), as was leucocyte oxygen utilisation. It is suggested that the hyperreactive cellular inflammatory response that characterises Behçet's disease may be due to increased chemotactic activity and minor alterations in functional metabolic activity of leucocytes.
Adult↗
Intralipid effects on preterm neonate serum: chemoattractant and opsonizing capacities.
The effects of Intralipid (IL) administration of preterm infants have been investigated. For this purpose, adult neutrophils were stimulated by infant sera collected before and after IL treatment. A definite decrease (p less than 0.0005) in chemoattractant capacity of zymosan-activated serum was observed after IL. On the other hand, no difference in the opsinizing abilities of untreated versus treated sera could be demonstrated by measuring the chemiluminescence responses to serum-opsonized zymosan. This study emphasized the need of caution in the use of IL treatment for preterm infants.
Chemotaxis, Leukocyte↗