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Biomedical subjects

T May

Publications and source records attributed to T May.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Clinical evaluation of timentin in intensive care].

16 patients admitted to a MICU were treated with timentin (ticarcillin + clavulanic acid) for bacterial infections: 11 cases of pulmonary infection, 3 cases of urinary tract infection, 2 septic shocks, 3 septicemias and 1 case of multifocal infection. The pathogens considered as a firmly established cause of infection were: 5 Acinetobacter, 12 Pseudomonas, 3 Serratia, 4 Klebsiella, 1 E. coli, 2 Proteus, 1 Providencia, 1 Staphylococcus aureus, 1 Staphylococcus epidermidis, 1 Streptococcus D and 1 Flavobacterium meningosepticum. The susceptibility of these pathogens to ticarcillin and timentin is reported. Timentin was prescribed alone in 9 cases and associated (with an aminoglycoside) in 7, in a daily dose of 9 to 18 g, for 6 to 45 days. 3 patients died. The value of timentin in infections due to multiresistant MICU pathogens is stressed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Serum concentrations of valproic acid: influence of dose and comedication.

The influence of valproate (VPA) dose, VPA preparation used, comedication (phenobarbital, phenytoin, carbamazepine) and factors such as age, weight, height, and sex on the concentration of VPA in serum was investigated. Nonlinear regression analysis showed that about 63% of the variance in the VPA morning concentrations of 259 inpatients could be explained by the following variables: dose, body weight, sex, and comedication. Age, height, and kind of preparation had no important influence on the VPA concentration. The relationship between dose and concentration of VPA is nonlinear, as the concentration does not increase proportionally with the dose but increases to a lesser extent. The serum concentration of VPA is clearly lower when the drug is given in combination with phenytoin (49.5%), carbamazepine (66.2%), or phenobarbital (76.3%) than when given alone (100%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Urinary hydroxyphenytoin/creatinine ratios as an index of compliance in adult epileptic patients on phenytoin therapy.

The ratio of the concentration of the phenytoin metabolite hydroxyphenyl phenylhydantoin (HPPH) to the creatinine concentration in morning urine samples was used as an index of compliance in adult epileptic patients on phenytoin therapy. For this purpose, the phenytoin dose was estimated from the urinary HPPH/creatinine ratio with the help of a regression equation that took into consideration body weight, height, age, and sex. A high correlation (r = 0.927 for men and r = 0.954 for women) between the prescribed and estimated dose was found for a reference group (127 hospitalized patients on supervised drug regimen). Compliance was judged from the discrepancy between the prescribed and the estimated dose for 45 patients immediately after their admittance to an epilepsy clinic, as well as for 98 outpatients, who had been treated by neurologists. Noncompliance was suspected in 6.7% of patients admitted to the clinic, as well as in 28.6% of the outpatients.

Creatinine↗
PubMed1984

Systematic comparison of three basic methods of sample pretreatment for high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of antiepileptic drugs using gas chromatography as a reference method.

Sera of epileptic patients which were routinely examined by gas chromatography (GC) were also analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Three basic methods for the pretreatment of samples for HPLC analysis were compared: protein precipitation by adding acetonitrile to the serum, direct serum extraction using ethylacetate, and partitioning of serum and buffer solution over a stationary phase and extraction with dichloromethane/2-propanol. The analytical performance and practicability of the three methods were tested under routine conditions. The following anti-epileptic drugs and metabolites were used in the comparison of HPLC with GC: ethosuximide, primidone, phenobarbital, phenytoin, carbamazepine, N-desmethylmethsuximide, and phenylethylmalonediamide.

Anticonvulsants↗
PubMed1982

Effect of a rocking bed on apnoea of prematurity.

We describe a rocking bed for use in incubators. Its effect was studied in 12 preterm infants with idiopathic apnoea, using each as his own control. All but one had less apnoea when the bed was rocking than when it was still. Apnoea associated with a significant fall in transcutaneous PO2 was less frequent, and fewer interventions were needed to terminate apnoeic attacks.

Apnea↗
PubMed1978

Are potassium supplements for the elderly necessary?

Plasma and total-body potassium (TBK) were measured in 19 elderly patients receiving diuretics and potassium supplements for cardiac failure and in 13 elderly controls. The mean value for the ratio of TBK to fat-free mass (TBK:FFM) was significantly reduced in the patient group. TBK:FFM showed a negative correlation with age but no correlation with plasma potassium or dose of supplements. When controls and patients were matched for sex and age decade, the mean TBK:FFM was decreased significantly in the diuretic group, giving a mean potassium deficit of 13.3%. These results suggest that ageing influences potassium status, and that diuretics and cardiac failure have a greater effect on TBK in old age than in youth or middle age.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

The effect of potassium supplements on total-body-potassium levels in the elderly.

Weight, skinfold thickness, grip strength and the total-body-potassium content were measured in 13 healthy elderly subjects before and after a three-month course of potassium supplements given in a dose of 36 mmol per day. There were no significant changes in the total-body-potassium content or in the ratio of total body potassium to lean-body mass. An increase in the right-hand grip strength may well have been a placebo effect.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Whole-body and exchangeable potassium measurements in normal elderly subjects.

A comparison of total body potassium status of eighteen healthy subjects with normal renal function in the age group 65-85 years, measured by whole body counting and by total exchangeable potassium on plasma and urine samples taken at 24h, shows that there is no delay in exchange in radioactive potassium in the elderly, and that the exchangeable method gives a reliable value of total body potassium. The results suggest that the normal range for potassium per kilogramme body weight is lower for old persons than for younger age groups.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship of trace element, immunological markers, and HIV1 infection progression.

Trace elements (selenium, zinc, copper), beta 2 microglobulin levels, CD4, and CD8 cell counts have been determined in 80 HIV1 seropositive patients. The study group consisted of 19 females and 61 males with age mean of 35 +/- 10 yr, at stage IV of infection (CDC--Atlanta classification) and treated by AZT. No severe renal or liver diseases or hypoalbuminemia were observed in this group. Se values were significantly lower than in normal adults, 48.3 +/- 17 micrograms/L vs 71 +/- 12 micrograms/L; Zn was moderately diminished, 1 +/- 0.2 mg/L vs 1.2 +/- 0.2 mg/L, whereas copper values were in the normal range, 1.2 +/- 0.3 mg/L vs 1.1 +/- 0.5 mg/L. Se or Zn deficiency was found in 60 and 30 subjects, respectively. Blood Se and Zn decreases were associated in 23 patients. Moreover, all patients showed higher beta 2 microglobulin values than the upper normal limit of 2.4 mg/L. Negative correlations were found between Zn and beta 2 microglobulin (p < 0.005) and between Se and beta 2 microglobulin (p < 0.05). Moreover, there was a positive correlation between Se and Zn values (p < 0.05). Nineteen subjects died 1 yr later (group I), and 61 remained alive (group II). With respect to the clinical evolution, a significant difference between both groups was found in Se and beta 2 microglobulin levels as well as in CD4 cell counts. The correlations previously observed persisted in group II, whereas no correlation was noted in group I. In addition, the patients of group one had significantly lower Se values, which were below 30 micrograms/L in 10 cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Progression to AIDS or death as endpoints in HIV clinical trials.

PURPOSE: To assess progression to AIDS or death from month 4 after a protease inhibitor-containing regimen is initiated in a cohort of 1,281 patients. METHOD: We used Kaplan-Meier estimates of probability of clinical progression. RESULT: At month 4, most patients had an HIV-1 RNA plasma value below 500 copies/mL (78%) and a CD4 cell count above 300 cells/mm(3) (62%). Starting from month 4, clinical progression at 1 and 2 years of follow-up was low (<3% at 1 year) in patients with HIV RNA <500 copies/mL or 500-10,000 copies/mL and in patients with CD4 between 50 and 300 cells/mm(3) or >300 cells/mm(3). A higher risk of clinical progression (> or =10% at 1 year) was evidenced only in patients with poor response to antiretroviral therapy, that is, with CD4 <50 cells/mm(3) or CD4 between 50-300 cells/mm(3) together with an HIV RNA >10,000 copies/mL. CONCLUSION: In patients currently on antiretroviral therapy, clinical trials with clinical progression as endpoint are almost not feasible, except in patients with a poor immunovirological response to first- or second-line HAART.

Anti-HIV Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Varicella zoster virus infection after bone marrow transplant. Unusual presentation and importance of prevention].

BACKGROUND: Leukemeia and lymphoproliferative disease are associated with a high risk of varicela-zoster virus (VZV) infection. Although infrequent, visceral involvement can be fatal. We report two cases of patients presenting severe VZV infection after bone marrow transplantation. CASE REPORTS: The first patient was a 42-year old man who received an allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for chronic myelogenous leukemia. A severe graft-versus-host reaction occurred. Three months after discontinuing VZV prophylaxis, VZV transverse myelitis was diagnosed, leading to death despite prompt treatment with acyclovir. The second patient was a 42-year-old woman treated with autologous bone marrow transplantation for lymphoma. She developed acute viral pancreatitis one month after discontinuing VZV prophylaxis. Recovery was achieved with intravenous treatment. DISCUSSION: These two cases illustrate the potential gravity of VZV infection after bone marrow transplantation. These observations point to the need for revisiting the duration of VZV prophylaxis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Interferons].

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Humans↗