Effect of nutritional procurement for the donor liver on Kupffer cell activation in porcine liver transplantation.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
T Matsuno
Publications and source records attributed to T Matsuno.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor induces phagocytosis of foreign particles by macrophages in autocrine and paracrine fashion.
Exposure to foreign particles sometimes causes inflammatory reactions through production of cytokines and chemoattractants by phagocytic cells. In this study, we focused on macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) to evaluate its pathophysiological role in the phagocytic process. Immunohistochemical analysis of human pseudosynovial tissues retrieved at revision of total hip arthroplasty showed that infiltrating mononuclear and multinuclear cells were positively stained by both an anti-CD68 antibody and anti-human MIF antibody. For in vitro study, MIF was released from murine macrophage-like cells (RAW 264.7) in response to phagocytosis of fluorescent-latex beads in a particle dose-dependent manner. Northern blot analysis showed marked elevation of the MIF mRNA level in the phagocytic macrophage-like cells. Moreover, pretreatment of RAW 264.7 cells with rat recombinant MIF increased the extent of phagocytosis by 1.6-fold compared with the control. Taken together, these results suggest that MIF plays an important role by activating macrophages in autocrine and paracrine fashion to phagocytose foreign particles.
Animals↗
Synthesis and aromatase-inhibitory activity of imidazolyl-1,3,5-triazine derivatives.
Triamino-substituted 1,3,5-triazine derivatives were synthesized and tested for inhibitory activities against the aromatase of human placental microsomes and the cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage of cholesterol (P450SCC) of pig adrenal mitochondria. The compounds having imidazolyl and tertiary amino groups as substituents in the 1,3,5-triazine ring showed significant aromatase-inhibitory activity. Among them, compounds 17, 23, 26, 27 and 28 were more active than the reference compound, CGS 16949A. The inhibitory activities of these compounds against P450SCC were much weaker than their aromatase-inhibitory activities. These compounds may be regarded as selective aromatase inhibitors.
Adrenal Glands↗
Induction of apoptosis during the early phase of reperfusion after rat liver ischemia.
This study was designed to investigate the induction of apoptosis during the reperfusion phase following warm liver ischemia in vivo. We evaluated apoptotic bodies (ABs) in sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H. E.) and positive hepatocytes in sections stained by the in situ nick end labeling method (TUNEL method) during the reperfusion phase up to 48 h after a 70% liver ischemia for 30 or 60 min in duration (30 or 60 min group). The peak number of ABs in H. E.-stained sections was observed at 1 to 3 h in the 30 min group and 3 to 6 h in the 60 min group. The number of ABs gradually fell as the length of the perfusion period increased, and few ABs were observed at 24 and 48 h after reperfusion. A peak number of TUNEL-positive hepatocytes was recognized at 3 h after reperfusion in both groups, after which the numbers decreased gradually. DNA extracted from both groups was electrophoresed on a 1.5% agarose gel. In both groups, a ladder-like pattern over smear pattern was recognized at 3 h after reperfusion. These results show that hepatocyte apoptosis was induced during the early phase of reperfusion after rat liver ischemia morphologically and biochemically, which suggests that hepatocyte apoptosis may be associated with ischemia and reperfusion injury.
Animals↗
[Geriatric femoral neck fractures--how to regain prefracture ambulatory status].
The incidence of hip fractures increases with increasing age. And mortality rate in elderly patients of hip fractures are high and which is reported to be up to 30% within 1 year following fractures. Prosthetic replacements for femoral neck fractures and internal fixations using solid fixation devices for intertrochanteric fractures are recommended for these elderly patients for regaining preinjury level of ambulation and good and reasonable quality of their lives.
Aged↗
Chemical nature of the light emitter of the Aequorea green fluorescent protein.
The jellyfish Aequorea victoria possesses in the margin of its umbrella a green fluorescent protein (GFP, 27 kDa) that serves as the ultimate light emitter in the bioluminescence reaction of the animal. The protein is made up of 238 amino acid residues in a single polypeptide chain and produces a greenish fluorescence (lambda max = 508 nm) when irradiated with long ultraviolet light. The fluorescence is due to the presence of a chromophore consisting of an imidazolone ring, formed by a post-translational modification of the tripeptide -Ser65-Tyr66-Gly67-. GFP has been used extensively as a reporter protein for monitoring gene expression in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, but relatively little is known about the chemical mechanism by which fluorescence is produced. To obtain a better understanding of this problem, we studied a peptide fragment of GFP bearing the chromophore and a synthetic model compound of the chromophore. The results indicate that the GFP chromophore consists of an imidazolone ring structure and that the light emitter is the singlet excited state of the phenolate anion of the chromophore. Further, the light emission is highly dependent on the microenvironment around the chromophore and that inhibition of isomerization of the exo-methylene double bond of the chromophore accounts for its efficient light emission.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Appendiceal mucocele with concomitant colonic cancer. Report of two cases.
PURPOSE: Mucocele of the appendix is an uncommon disorder, usually found incidentally during ultrasonography or radiographic studies. We report two cases of combined appendiceal mucocele and colonic cancer. METHODS: The two cases were analyzed for the clinicopathologic characteristics such as history, presentation, laboratory data, radiologic and endoscopic studies, pathology, and p53 immunoreactivity. RESULTS: Two patients were diagnosed with an appendiceal mucocele by ultrasound of the abdomen, together with computed tomography. Colonoscopic examination subsequently revealed synchronous colonic adenocarcinoma in both patients. Ileocecal resection following endoscopic polypectomy and a right hemicolectomy was performed for each patient. An appendiceal mucocele was histologically diagnosed as a mucinous cystadenoma. Immunohistochemical detection of abnormally high level of p53 protein was observed in colonic adenocarcinomas of both patients, whereas both appendiceal cystadenomas were negative for p53. CONCLUSIONS: To be remembered is the high frequency of concomitant gastrointestinal tumors in patients with appendiceal mucocele, especially caused by mucinous neoplasms. A total colonoscopic surveillance will afford earlier diagnosis of synchronous colonic cancers in these patients.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Inhibition of neutrophils' chemiluminescence by ethanol extract of propolis (EEP) and its phenolic components.
Ethanol extract of propolis (EEP), a natural beehive product, has been known for centuries for a variety of beneficial traditional medical properties, among which an anti-inflammatory effect is a major one. Now that most of its components have been isolated and recently identified, we tested 19 of them (all phenolic compounds) for their degree of anti-inflammatory activity. This was performed by evaluating the luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence, formed after their scavenging free radicals, generated by neutrophils that had been stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate. Caffeic-acid-phenylethyl-ester abolished the chemiluminescence completely at a concentration of 10 microM, while three flavone derivatives and three flavonols (galangin, kaempferol and kaempferid) diminished this chemiluminescence by 73-93% at the same concentration. These results indicate that some of the phenolic components of the ethanol extract of propolis are its active components in exerting its renowned anti-inflammatory activity.
Animals↗
Novel marine di-Z-carotenoids: cucumariaxanthins A, B, and C from the sea cucumber Cucumaria japonica.
The novel marine carotenoids, cucumariaxanthins A (1), B (2), and C (3), were isolated from the northern sea cucumber Cucumaria japonica. Their structures and absolute stereochemistries were determined to be (5S,6S,5'S,6'S)-(9Z,9'Z)-5,6,5',6'-tetrahydro-beta,beta- carotene-4,4'-dione for 1; (5S,6S,4'S,5'S,6'S)-(9Z,9'Z)-4'-hydroxy-5,6,5',6'-tetrahydro-beta, beta- caroten-4-one for 2; and (4S,5S,6S,4'S,5'S,6'S)-(9Z,9'Z)-5,6,5',6'-tetrahydro-beta,beta-car otene-4,4'- diol for 3 by extensive spectroscopic analysis and by the modified Mosher's method. Cucumariaxanthin C showed an inhibitory effect on Epstein-Barr virus activation in a short-term in vitro assay.
Animals↗
Identification of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in murine neonatal calvariae and osteoblasts.
Bone resorption and formation are dynamic processes that occur in both normal and injured bone tissues. Regulation of these processes is mediated at the local level by cytokines and growth factors. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is one of the proinflammatory cytokines that activates macrophages and regulates production of other cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1. We here demonstrate, by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, high expression of MIF mRNA in murine osteoblasts obtained from mouse neonatal calvariae and murine osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. The presence of MIF protein in the osteoblasts was confirmed by Western blot analysis using anti-rat MIF antibody. Moreover, the immunohistochemical study revealed that MIF was localized largely in the cytoplasm. The pathophysiological function of MIF remains undefined; however, the present results suggest that MIF takes part in the osseous metabolism as well as in immunological events.
Animals↗
Identification of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in synovial membranes of loosened total joint replacement.
Endosteal bone resorption often occurs around loosened total joint replacements. In the process of the loosening, macrophages play an important role by releasing cytokines such as interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and prostaglandin E2. In this study, we investigated the involvement of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in the pathological state of the loosening of a total hip replacement. Interface membranes were harvested from bone-cement or bone-implant interfaces of two patients during revision hip surgeries. The tissues were immunohistochemically examined with a polyclonal antibody against human recombinant MIF. This study detected MIF in the cytoplasm of the macrophages in all the tissues tested, though it was not detected in that of interstitial cells. The expression of MIF mRNA in the membrane was also examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, which demonstrated that expression of the MIF mRNA in the interface membranes was higher than that of the normal synovium. Considering these results, it is suggested that MIF is one of important cytokines mediating the inflammatory process during loosening of total joint replacements.
Antibodies↗
Development of angiosarcoma at the site of a bone infarct.
A 34-year-old man presented with angiosarcoma which developed at the site of a preexisting bone infarct in the metaphysis of the right tibia. A malignant bone tumor may develop at the site of bone infarct, and its histologic type is most frequently malignant fibrous histiocytoma or fibrosarcoma. Few patients with osteosarcoma have been reported: only 2 patients who had angiosarcoma that developed in a preexisting bone infarct have been reported in the English literature. Malignant transformation of bone infarct into angiosarcoma is extremely rare.
Adult↗
Epstein-Barr virus-associated post-transplant primary smooth muscle tumor of the liver: report of an autopsy case.
Epstein-Barr (EB) virus-associated primary smooth muscle tumors have been reported in immunosuppressed young patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and young people who have undergone liver transplantation. An autopsy case of EB virus-associated smooth muscle cell tumor in a 21 year old female who received immunosuppressive therapy following renal transplantation is reported. Multiple tumor nodules were present in the liver, but no primary lesion was found in any other organ. Histologically, the nodules were composed of spindle cells, positive for alpha-smooth muscle actin, which were arranged in fascicles and closely associated with vascular channels, thereby suggesting a vascular smooth muscle cell origin. EB virus infection of the tumor cells was clearly demonstrated by in situ hybridization with an EB virus-encoded RNA 1 (EBER-1) probe. The present case illustrates that EB virus infection may play some role in the development of smooth muscle tumors not only in immunocompromised young patients with liver allografts, but also in those with renal allografts.
Adult↗
Characteristics of the anticoccidial activity of 6-azauracil.
The characteristics of anticoccidial activities of 6-azauracil (AzU) were investigated in the battery trials utilizing the White Leghorn cockerels, which were infected with Eimeria tenella, E. necatrix, E. acervulina, E. maxima and/or E. brunetti. AzU was mixed into the basal starter feed and fed ad libitum to the birds from 1 day before the inoculation of oocysts to the time of necropsy. AzU showed remarkable anticoccidial activity against E. tenella and E. necatrix infections at doses of 1,000 ppm in feed or more, and fairly good effect against E. acervulina infection at the dose of 4,000 ppm in feed. Inadequate effect against E. maxima infection and null in effect against E. brunetti at the dose of 4,000 ppm were resulted for this drug. The effect of 6-azauridine, ribonucleoside of AzU against E. tenella and E. necatrix infections at 1,000 ppm was tested and revealed negative results. In the test with AzU-resistant line of E. tenella, cross resistance was confirmed between AzU and emimycin riboside, a uridine analogue. Activity of AzU was studied in vitro against E. tenella in chick kidney cells. AzU inhibited the development of the first- and second-generation schizonts at 100-200 ppm in the medium. Degenerated parasites were observed.
Animals↗
Antagonistic effect of nucleic acid precursors on the anticoccidial activity of 6-azauracil.
The antagonistic phenomena to anticoccidial activities of 6-azauracil (AzU) induced by certain nucleic acid precursors were examined in battery experiments. Each nucleic acid precursor, orotate, orotidine, uracil, uridine, adenine and adenosine was mixed in feed in combination with effective levels of AzU. The test feed was provided through the test term to White Leghorn cockerels which were infected with Eimeria tenella, E. necatrix or E. acervulina. In vitro tests were also conducted for antagonistic phenomena similarly to in vivo test using E. tenella cultured in chick kidney (CK) cells. Orotate and uridine reduced dose-dependently the anticoccidial activity of AzU in E. tenella infection in chickens. Uracil and orotidine revealed similar effect. Adenine and adenosine did not show any antagonistic effect to AzU. In E. necatrix infection, orotate and uridine had a similar tendency to that of E. tenella, whereas uracil and orotidine was less pronounced. The activity of AzU against E. acervulina was also blocked by the treatment with uridine and orotate. AzU inhibited the schizont's development of E. tenella in the CK cells, and this effect was reduced by uridine, but not by orotate and orotidine. The antagonistic effect of the pyrimidine nucleic acid precursors on AzU activity suggested that the anticoccidial effect of AzU to E. tenella, E. necatrix and E. acervulina is derived from inhibition of the metabolism of pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis in these parasites.
Adenine↗
Investigation for the characteristic anticoccidial activity of diclazuril in battery trials.
To clarify the character of the anticoccidial activity of diclazuril a series of battery trials was conducted. Diclazuril showed excellent anticoccidial activity in the infection of chickens with Eimeria tenella, E. necatrix or E. acervulina at the feeding level of 0.1 ppm. When diclazuril was administered in combination with a nucleic acid precursor, uracil, uridine, orotate or orotidine, the reduction of the activity of diclazuril to the infections induced by above species was not observed. While, bloody droppings with severe cecal lesions were resulted, when diclazuril was administered in combination with uridine 5(1)-diphosphoglucose (UDPG) or its N-acetyl amine (UDPGNAC) to chickens infected with E. tenella. While, body weight gain of the birds and oocyst output was not affected by these combination-treatment. Results demonstrated that the antagonistic effect of UDPG and UDPGNAC to diclazuril was partial. The possibility of the cross resistance between diclazuril and 6-azauracil (AzU) in E. tenella was investigated using two populations induced resistance to AzU or diclazuril. The results demonstrated that the cross resistance does not exist between AzU and diclazuril, indicating that the mode of action of each drug is different.
Animals↗
Apoptosis in human kidney allografts.
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Apoptosis↗
Induction of MLR hyporesponsiveness after portal venous inoculation with donor splenocytes correlates with persistence of donor lymphocytes in host organs.
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Animals↗