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Biomedical subjects

T Matsubara

Publications and source records attributed to T Matsubara.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Spasmodic torticollis caused by vascular compression of the spinal accessory root.

A case of spasmodic torticollis in a 27-year-old man cured by vascular decompression of the spinal accessory root, without any nerve sectioning, is presented. The nerve compression was produced by the posterior inferior cerebellar artery originating from the vertebral artery at the C-1 level, and was released by transposing the artery from the nerve root, using the divided dentate ligament. The patient was completely free from symptoms after a follow-up period of 3 years. The possible causal importance of nerve compression in spasmodic torticollis is emphasized.

Accessory Nerve↗
PubMed1986

Profiles of the female-specific serum protein in the Japanese river lamprey, Lampetra japonica (Martens), and the sand lamprey, Lampetra reissneri (Dybowski), in relation to sexual maturation.

The occurrence of female-specific serum protein (FSSP) was examined in the anadromous lamprey, Lampetra japonica, and a freshwater lamprey, Lampetra reissneri, by an immunodiffusion technique using antiserum raised against the serum of sexually mature female lamprey. A considerable amount of FSSP was consistently detected in the blood of vitellogenic, but not in that of nonvitellogenic, females of both species of lampreys. The relative amount of the FSSP tended to become larger in female lampreys at the spawning period. The FSSP may correspond to the yolk precursor protein which is incorporated into ovarian oocytes during the period of exogenous vitellogenesis in the lampreys.

Aging↗
PubMed1986

Structural studies on glycolipids of shellfish. V. Gala-6 series glycosphingolipids of the marine snail, Chlorostoma argyrostoma turbinatum.

A series of glycosphingolipids and phosphonoglycosphingolipid containing only galactose as the sugar component were isolated from the marine snail, Chlorostoma argyrostoma turbinatum. The structures of these lipids were studied by methylation analysis, hydrogen fluoride degradation, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, and characterized as follows: the glycosphingolipids galactosyl beta(1-1)ceramide, galactosyl beta(1-6)galactosyl beta(1-1)ceramide, galactosyl beta(1-6)galactosyl beta(1-6)galactosyl beta(1-1)ceramide and galactosyl beta(1-6)galactosyl beta(1-6)galactosyl beta(1-6)galactosyl beta(1-1)ceramide, and phosphonoglycosphingolipid N-methylaminoethylphosphonyl galactosyl(1-1)ceramide. The main molecular species of the ceramide moiety were hexadecanoyl-octadecasphingenine and hydroxyhexadecanoyl-octadecasphingadienine in all of these sphingolipids.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Possible mechanisms of reduction of nasal mucociliary clearance in chronic sinusitis.

Nasal mucus was collected from 38 patients with chronic sinusitis. Following this collection, nasal mucociliary clearance (ST) was measured by the saccharin granule technique. Nasal mucus was used for in vitro frog palate clearance studies and then compared with the in vivo ST. The mucociliary transport rate of nasal mucus on mucus-depleted frog palate (MTR on frog palate) was 5.93 +/- 1.04 mm/min in the patients whose ST was within normal range (group A), and was 5.54 +/- 1.94 mm/min in the patients whose ST was above the normal range (group B). Significant differences were not observed in MTR on frog palate between groups A and B and no significant correlation was noted between ST and MTR. These results suggest that factors other than the rheological properties of nasal mucus control nasal mucociliary clearance in patients with chronic sinusitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Use-dependent effects of lidocaine on conduction in canine myocardium: application of the modulated receptor hypothesis in vivo.

Lidocaine is a commonly used antiarrhythmic drug that causes use-dependent blockade of sodium channels in vitro and reduces conduction velocity in vitro and in vivo. According to the modulated receptor hypothesis of antiarrhythmic drug action, lidocaine has a low affinity for rested sodium channels but a high affinity for open and inactivated channels. In the present experiments, we characterized use-dependent conduction slowing and recovery from slowing by lidocaine in anesthetized dogs. The His-to-ventricular conduction interval was used as the indicator of conduction velocity. We found that prolongation of conduction time was greater as the stimulation frequency was increased. Moreover, on abruptly changing the stimulation frequency, a new steady-state conduction time was approached in two to three depolarizations. On discontinuation of stimulation, the conduction time of progressively less premature extrastimuli shortened exponentially with a terminal phase time constant of 152 +/- 115 msec. These effects by lidocaine were enhanced during acidosis and enhancement was reversed by correction of the acidosis. It is concluded that the effects in vivo of lidocaine on conduction under several conditions of rate, rhythm, and pH are similar to its effects on the maximum upstroke velocity of the action potential in vitro. Although these experiments were not designed to validate the modulated receptor hypothesis, it appears that the modulated receptor hypothesis can predict the effects of lidocaine on conduction in vivo.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Histologic changes and arrhythmogenicity after discharge through transseptal catheter electrode.

Ventricular tachycardia commonly arises within the intraventricular septum and successful catheter ablation of septal tachycardia might be enhanced by transseptal electrode placement. We have evaluated the safety of a transseptal ablation procedure. Arrhythmogenicity and histology were examined after high-energy capacitor discharges were delivered to an intracavitary cathode-anode pair placed on opposite sides of the interventricular septum in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. After two discharges of 200 or 100 J proved lethal, paired discharges of 30 or 50 J (10 dogs) or a single discharge of 100 J (four dogs) was used to induce 28 lesions. Acute rhythm changes and risk of induction of ventricular tachycardia by programmed stimulation were measures of arrhythmogenicity. Gross and histologic examination of the hearts after 20 min to 28 days allowed characterization of the evolution of lesions. The conduction system in nearby and remote locations was extensively examined in four dogs. Refractory ventricular fibrillation developed with paired shocks at 200 or 100 J. At lower energy levels, acute ventricular fibrillation occurred with 12 of 20 shocks (60%), but defibrillation was consistently achieved. After ablation, no dog had ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation induced with programmed stimulation. Matching anodal and cathodal lesions spanned the septum without perforation in 10 of 16 dogs, and the lesions were of similar histology. Each contained central areas of hemorrhage surrounded by a region of coagulation necrosis merging with normal myocytes peripherally. There was necrosis and edema without inflammation at 20 min, acute inflammatory cell infiltration at 1 to 2 days, and myocyte replacement by granulation tissue after 6 days.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Induction of rat liver microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes by a new sleep inducer 450191-S and plasma levels of 450191-S-metabolites.

Liver microsomal 7-alkoxycoumarin O-dealkylase activities in rats were stimulated by the administration of large doses of 5-[(2-aminoacetamide)methyl]-1-[4-chloro-2-(o-chlorobenzoyl)phenyl ]-N, N-dimethyl-1 H-s-triazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride dihydrate (450191-S), a new sleep inducer which is a 1H-1,2,4-triazolyl benzophenone derivative. To obtain the correlation between the stimulation or induction of hepatic enzymes and the plasma level of the metabolites of 450191-S, various amounts of 450191-S were administered orally to rats and the metabolites in plasma were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Plasma concentration-time profiles for metabolites in rats showed the appearance of metabolites in plasma followed by their rapid disappearance from blood when the animals received non-inducing amounts of 450191-S. On the other hand, the profiles of metabolites in rats administered higher amounts of the drug showed very high plasma concentrations of metabolites, especially 8-chloro-6-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazolo [1,5-a] [1,4]benzodiazepine-2-carboxamide (M-2) and 8-chloro-6-(2- chlorophenyl)-N-hydroxymethyl-4H-1,2,4-triazolo [1,5-a] [1,4]benzodiazepine-2-carboxamide (M-A), which were maintained for a long time with slow elimination. These results led to the conclusion that the induction of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes is closely correlated with the high plasma concentrations of metabolites and their prolonged existence in plasma.

7-Alkoxycoumarin O-Dealkylase↗
PubMed1986

Autoinduction of 450191-S, a new sleep inducer of 1H-1,2,4-triazolyl benzophenone derivative, in dogs.

Alterations of plasma metabolite profiles were studied following single or multiple oral administrations of 5-[(2-aminoacetamido) methyl]-1-[p-chloro-2-(o-chlorobenzoyl)phenyl]-N, N-dimethyl-1H-1, 2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide hydrochloride dihydrate (450191-S) in Beagle dogs. In plasma, unchanged 450191-S was not detected, but active metabolite, 8-chloro-6-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(N, N-dimethylcarbamoyl)-4H-1,2, 4-triazolo [1, 5-a] [1, 4] benzodiazepine (M-1) appeared first, followed by four active metabolites that were hydroxylated or demethylated in the N, N-dimethylcarbamoyl side chain of M-1. At single doses of 5 to 50 mg/kg, the areas under the plasma concentration-time curves (AUCs) of the metabolites were linearly increased, showing that there was no saturable process in the steps of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. After multiple administrations (50 mg/kg/d for 15 d), the same metabolites appeared in the plasma but the patterns of the plasma metabolite profiles were considerably different from those after single administrations. The peak plasma levels of M-1 and its hydroxylated metabolites in the carbamoyl side chain were attained more rapidly in the multiple administrations, demonstrating higher peak values compared to those in the single administrations, and the eliminations of these metabolites from plasma were also rapid. However, no difference in the values of the AUCs were observed between single and multiple administrations. With the other active metabolites, the peak plasma levels after multiple administrations were considerably lowered by rapid elimination, resulting in a marked increase in AUCs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase activities in prenatal and postnatal human livers: comparison of human liver 7-alkoxycoumarin O-dealkylases with rat liver enzymes.

Human liver samples from 17 embryos, 5 fetuses, 5 infants and 4 adults were used to investigate human liver cytochrome P-450-dependent 7-alkoxycoumarin O-dealkylase activities, and their drug-metabolizing activities were compared to those of rat livers. The O-dealkylase activities in human embryos and fetuses were very low, although detectable, similar to those in fetal rats. Both male and female rats showed a postnatal increase of hepatic O-dealkylase activities with a maximum at about 30-40 days after birth and then a decline in the activities which was marked in female rats. Adult female rats showed a marked decrease in the hepatic enzyme activity observed in the O-depropylation reaction rather than the O-demethylation and O-deethylation reactions. During the developmental period of human infants, the O-demethylase activity, but not O-depropylase activity, increased gradually. Enzymes in adult human livers metabolize the O-methyl derivative of 7-hydroxycoumarin in preference to the O-ethyl and O-propyl derivatives. The metabolic activities of human adult enzymes for 7-alkoxycoumarin resembled those in adult female rats and were quite different from those in male rats. The study demonstrated that caution must be exercised in extrapolating pharmacological results from animal to man in the field of drug metabolism.

7-Alkoxycoumarin O-Dealkylase↗
PubMed1986

A comparative study on the effects of disulfiram and beta-lactam antibiotics on the acetaldehyde-metabolizing system in rats.

Several beta-lactam antibiotics, especially those containing N-methyltetrazolylthiomethyl groups at the 3-position of the cephalosporin nucleus, affect the alcohol-metabolizing system in rats. These effects were compared those with disulfiram, well-known as a potent inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Both disulfiram and antibiotics containing the N-methyltetrazolylthiomethyl group inhibited both mitochondrial low Km ALDH and acetaldehyde oxidation in rat livers. The high Km ALDH and alcohol dehydrogenase activities in livers were not affected by these treatments. When ethanol was given to rats pretreated with disulfiram or these antibiotics, the blood acetaldehyde concentration increased markedly concomitant with a decrease in activity of the low Km ALDH. Administration of N-methyltetrazolethiol alone suppressed the low Km enzyme activity and also increased the blood acetaldehyde level; both effects were pronounced and observed several hours after administration. beta-Lactam antibiotics without N-methyltetrazolethiol in their molecule did not affect the liver mitochondrial enzyme activity or the blood acetaldehyde level.

Acetaldehyde↗
PubMed1986

[Three cases of lung cancer with bulla].

We present three cases of lung cancer with bulla, which were preoperatively detected by TBLB or brushing cytology. Case 1:55 year-old man. Large-cell carcinoma of the right upper lobe. A giant bulla had been observed eight years earlier. The carcinoma protruded into the bulla just like a pedunculated polyp. Case 2: 67-year-old woman. Adenocarcinoma with severe fibrosis adjoined to the bulla of the right upper lobe. Case 3: 63-year-old man. Adenocarcinoma surrounding the central margin of the subpleural giant bula of the right lower lobe. We also discussed the clinical and pathological problems of lung cancer with bullous disease.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1986

[Role of computed tomography in the preoperative evaluation of patients with cancer of the thoracic esophagus].

In 126 patients with cancer of the thoracic esophagus who underwent esophagectomy, CT images were retrospectively reviewed and compared with the result of the histological examinations. With regard to N-factor diagnosis, different criteria of positive diagnosis must be taken for each location of lymph nodes. In ROC analysis it was shown that the preciseness of CT diagnosis was different according to the locations. CT was useful in the left paratracheal region, but on the other hand the diagnosis was not so excellent in the subcarinal and left tracheobronchial regions. As to A-factor, precise CT diagnosis was difficult except cases with massive infiltrative figures or those with a definite fat density split.

Esophageal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1986

[Pulmonary malignant lymphoma--a case report].

A case of pulmonary malignant lymphoma is reported. A 65-year-old woman had no complaint. But chest roentgenography and CT revealed an infiltrating shadow with marked airbronchogram in the left S3. TBLB revealed marked subepithelial lymphocytic infiltration of the bronchial wall. Because the shadow had gradually enlarged, malignancy was suspected and lobectomy was performed. The resected specimen showed a 60 X 56 X 30 mm greyish-yellow, medullary tumor with intrapulmonary metastasis. Microscopically, well-differentiated small lymphocytic tumor cells severely infiltrated the pulmonary parenchyma, pleura and bronchial cartilage. There was no lymph node metastasis or extrapulmonary involvement. Immunohistochemical study proved the monoclonality of the K chain. She was treated with chemotherapy postoperatively.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Syngeneic monoclonal antibody against melanoma antigen with interspecies cross-reactivity recognizes GM3, a prominent ganglioside of B16 melanoma.

It has previously been reported that a mouse (C57BL/6) monoclonal antibody, M2590, was established against syngeneic melanoma B16 cells, which was shown to react only with melanoma cells from various species but not with other tumor cells or normal tissues (Taniguchi, M., and Wakabayashi, S. (1984) Gann 75, 418-426). In the present study, the specificity of M2590 antibody was shown to be directed to a saccharide arrangement (NeuAc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4Glc (or -GlcNAc)) of gangliosides by three different assay systems including enzyme immunostaining on thin layer plates, sandwich radioimmunoassay, and enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assays using a variety of glycolipids with known structures. Neither gangliosides having NeuGc terminus, including NeuGc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4Glc-ceramide and NeuGc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4Glc-ceramide, nor ganglio series gangliosides carrying NeuAc reacted with the antibody. An M2590 antibody-reactive antigen was isolated from B16 melanoma cells, and its structure was determined to be NeuAc alpha 2-3Gal beta 1-4Glc-ceramide by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, methylation analysis, and exoglycosidase treatment. The ceramide was composed of d18:1 as its long-chain base and C16:0, C24:1, and C24:0 as major fatty acids. The same ganglioside was also detected in the culture supernatant of the melanoma cells as shedding antigen.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Identification of heme axial ligands of cytochrome c' from Alcaligenes sp. N.C.I.B. 11015.

The spectral properties of both ferric and ferrous cytochromes c' from Alcaligenes sp. N.C.I.B. 11015 are reported. The EPR spectra at 77 K and the electronic, resonance Raman, CD and MCD spectra at room temperature have been compared with those of the other cytochromes c' and various hemoproteins. In the ferrous form, all the spectral results at physiological pH strongly indicated that the heme iron(II) is in a high-spin state. In the ferric form, the EPR and electronic absorption spectra were markedly dependent upon pH. EPR and electronic spectral results suggested that the ground state of heme iron(III) at physiological pH consists of a quantum mechanical admixture of an intermediate-spin and a high-spin state. Under highly alkaline conditions, identification of the axial ligands of heme iron(III) was attempted by crystal field analysis of the low-spin EPR g values. Upon the addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate to ferric and ferrous cytochrome c', the low-spin type spectra were induced. The heme environment of this low-spin species is also discussed.

Alcaligenes↗
PubMed1985

Rheological properties of middle ear effusion and their role on mucociliary clearance.

The viscoelastic properties of freshly harvested middle ear effusion (MEE) from children were determined by an oscillating sphere magnetic rheometer and compared with transportability of MEE on mucus-depleted frog palate. The elastic modulus (G') at 1 Hz of MEE from 43 untreated ear was ranged from 1.9 to 1,790 dyn/cm2 and the mean value was 28.4 dyn/cm2. The dynamic viscosity (eta') at 1 Hz of the same samples was ranged from 0.2 to 146 poise with the mean value of 3.4 poise. A maximum value of transport was obtained at G' of about 20 dyn/cm2, and below this value there was a significant positive correlation between the transport rate and log G'. Above 20 dyn/cm2, the negative correlation between the transport rate and log G' was significant. A similar significant correlation between the transport rate and log eta' was observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Mental health of the aged in the depopulated areas of Japan.

Over the past 20 years from 1961, we have been conducting research on the relation between the mental and physical state of old people and the depopulation process in the mountain areas of Japan. People over 65 years old have been studied annually, with the use of Hasegawa's method and Amako's scale of grading age and Zung's depression scale mentally. For their physical checkup, ECG and blood pressure, etc. were taken. In the early stages of our study, a significant difference was observed between the people in the depopulated areas and those living in the plains. However, we have been unable to find significant differences of the occurrence of senile dementia between these two areas since 1977, nor of the physical state of the elderly since 1981. We did observe more people with a higher level of Zung's depression scale in the depopulated areas in 1984. Since Japan's economic growth slowed down by the two oil shocks has never revitalized the depopulated areas, the old people are still left alone in the mountain areas. However, they now regularly receive good meal services by local welfare committees. Supermarkets have also appeared in some villages, so that the aged have easier access to nutritious food such as meats, fruits and milk. Still, we find bedridden elderly patients more often in these depopulated areas, as well as a statistically greater incidence of suicides (r = -0.42, p less than 0.01). It is our fervent desire that more psychological support should be given to the aged in the depopulated areas, such as visits to their homes by public nurses, or more frequent phone-calls by volunteers.

Aged↗