Biomedical subjects

T Maruo

Publications and source records attributed to T Maruo.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMed1996

Results of surgery for paralytic esotropia due to abducens palsy.

The surgical effects of three methods, transposition of the vertical rectus muscles, Jensen's procedure, and resection (advancement) of the lateral rectus muscle, were compared among 109 cases of paralytic esotropia due to abducens palsy. These procedures were combined with recession of the medial rectus muscle in about half the cases. Of the 109 cases, 22 were followed up for 4 years or longer. Results were similar, provided that the following protocols for surgery were adhered to: in cases of complete paralysis, transposition of the vertical rectus muscles was done, and in cases of incomplete paralysis, resection (advancement) of the lateral rectus muscle was performed. With both procedures, results were improved if recession of the medial rectus muscle was carried out at the same time.

Abducens Nerve↗

PubMed1996

Long-term results of surgery for superior oblique palsy.

The results one month after surgery in 159 cases of superior oblique palsy were compared according to the method of surgery with the results 4 years or longer after surgery. There were 141 cases of congenital palsy and 18 cases of acquired palsy, for a total of 159 cases. Our study showed that surgery on the oblique muscle provided long-lasting effects, while recession of the superior rectus muscle or recession of the contralateral inferior rectus muscle could cause late overcorrection. When performing surgery on the rectus muscle, careful attention must be paid to suturing the muscle.

Humans↗

PubMed1996

[Tumor necrosis factor alpha regulates the proliferative activity and differentiated function of granulosa cells: in vitro study with a porcine model].

Ovarian folliculogenesis is a dynamic process during which follicles undergo growth and differentiation. It is now evident that various growth factors interact with FSH to modify follicular growth and function. In the present study, the effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) on the proliferative potential and steroidogenic ability of granulosa cells were examined in vitro as a function of follicular growth by using a porcine model. Porcine granulosa cells obtained from small (1-2mm), medium (3-5mm) and large (6-12 mm) follicles were cultured under serum-free conditions in the presence or absence of FSH (100 ng/ml) and IGF-1 (100 ng/ml), with or without various concentrations of TNF alpha. The proliferative activity of cultured granulosa cells was assessed by immunocytochemical techniques with a monoclonal antibody to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and by [3H]-thymidine uptake, while differentiated functions of granulosa cells were assessed by determining the ability to secrete progesterone and 17 beta-estradiol. The addition of FSH and IGF-I augmented the proliferative activity and steroidogenic ability of cultured granulosa cells. The increases in proliferative activity and steroidogenic ability caused by treatment with FSH and IGF-I were significantly reduced by the concomitant treatment with TNF alpha in culture of granulosa cells. The inhibitory effect of TNF alpha on the proliferative activity was prominent in small follicle granulosa cells, whereas the inhibitory effect of TNF alpha on estradiol secretion was very strong in large follicle granulosa cells. The inhibitory effect of TNF alpha on progesterone secretion was apparent regardless of the stage of follicular growth. These results suggest TNF alpha participation in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of granulosa cells. In appears that the biological action of TNF alpha on granulosa cells may shift from the inhibition of proliferative activity in immature follicles to the inhibition of differentiated function in mature follicles during the course of follicular growth.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Role of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor in the development of the human placenta.

To elucidate the role of EGF in human placental development, effects of EGF on the proliferation and differentiation of trophoblasts were investigated. Explants of trophoblastic tissues obtained from 4-5 week or 6-12 week placentas were, respectively, cultured with or without EGF, in the presence or absence of triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) in a serum-free condition. The proliferative activity was examined by immunocytochemical staining with an antibody Ki-67, and the differentiated function was assessed by the ability to secrete human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) and human placental lactogen (hPL). In 4-5 week placentas, EGF and EGF receptor were localized in cytotrophoblast (C-cell), and EGF augmented the proliferation of C-cell without affecting the ability to secrete hCG and hPL. In contrast, in 6-12 week placentas, EGF and EGF receptor were localized in syncytiotrophoblast (S-cell), and EGF stimulated the secretion of hCG and hPL without affecting the proliferation of C-cell. In situ hybridization with c-erb B probe revealed that c-erb B mRNA is expressed in the S-cell after 6 weeks' gestation. Column chromatography of the serum-free media obtained by 5-day culture of early placental tissues resulted in the elution of immunoreactive EGF. The addition of T3 (10(-8) mol L(-1)) resulted in increased secretion of immunoreactive EGF by placental explants. These findings suggest that EGF acts as an autocrine factor in regulating early placental growth and function in synergy with thyroid hormone.

Epidermal Growth Factor↗

PubMed1995

Immunohistochemical evidence for the presence of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the infant and adult human ovary.

The cytologic localization and cellular levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) in the human ovary during follicular growth and regression were examined by the avidin/biotin immunoperoxidase method with a specific antibody to human recombinant TNF alpha. In the infant ovary, TNF alpha immunostaining was present only in the oocyte within the primordial follicles. TNF alpha immunostaining was also present within the oocyte in primordial follicles of the adult ovary. Positive immunostaining for TNF alpha in granulosa cells became apparent in preantral follicles, while that in theca interna cells began to appear at the antral follicle stage. The staining intensity of the oocyte increased as the oocyte reached the preovulatory stage. The intensity of immunostaining for TNF alpha in the granulosa and thecal cells increased as the follicle became larger and matured. In corpora lutea, the immunostaining for TNF alpha persisted in the granulosa lutein and theca lutein cells and intensified in the mid luteal phase. In the regressing corpora lutea, TNF alpha immunostaining in the luteal cells decreased as the regression advanced. Regressed corpora lutea with a central core of scar tissue were bordered by macrophage-like cells which exhibited intense immunostaining for TNF alpha. In the cortex region, the corpus albicans was negative for TNF alpha immunostaining, whereas macrophage-like cells peripheral to the corpus albicans exhibited intense immunostaining for TNF alpha. In the medullary region, the corpus albicans and surrounding stromal cells were totally negative for TNF alpha. By contrast, in the early atretic stage, the degenerating oocyte showed weak immunostaining for TNF alpha, while the granulosa and theca interna cells showed moderate immunostaining for TNF alpha. In the late atretic stage, the immunostaining for TNF alpha in the scattered granulosa cells became negligible, whereas the theca interna cells showed intense immunostaining for TNF alpha. The results obtained indicate that the oocyte is the primary intrafollicular site of TNF alpha localization within the ovary and that TNF alpha may participate in regulating follicular growth, regression and atresia.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

[Surgical and botulinum toxin treatment in two cases of abnormal retinal correspondence-exotropia with congenital homonymous hemianopsia].

We report 2 unusual cases of congenital occipital hemianopsia associated with abnormal retinal correspondence (ARC)-exotropia. Two Japanese males, 25 and 28 years of age, visited our hospital for surgical correction of manifest exotropia with dissociated vertical deviation and overaction of the superior oblique muscle. Visual field examination demonstrated homonymous hemianopsia with approximately 5 to 10 degrees of macular sparing. Visually evoked potential examination showed small amplitude similar to dissociated vertical deviation patients in all half-field stimulation. Electrooculogram examination demonstrated defective pursuit to the ipsilateral side. Some investigators have speculated that progressive exotropia compensates for homonymous hemianopsia and is a rare contraindication for strabismus surgery. To confirm the deterioration of motor and visual functions before surgery in these patients, we tried injections of botulinum A type toxin into the lateral rectus muscle ipsilateral to the hemianopsia. Contrary to the hypothesis, our patients had no change in their binocular visual fields and visual function. Finally, we performed recession of the lateral rectus muscle, so that both patients were satisfied with their ocular alignment, with no marked change of visual behavior.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

[Expression of oncogenes, growth factors and their receptors in follicular growth, regression and atresia: their roles in granulosa cell proliferation and differentiation].

Ovarian folliculogenesis is a dynamic and complex process during which follicles undergo tremendous growth and maturation. Beginning as a single layer of pregranulosa cells surrounding the immature oocyte, granulosa cells actively proliferate and differentiate until the time of ovulation. The proliferation of granulosa cells is necessary not only for follicular growth but also for creation of the unique micro-environment for oocyte maturation. Although the primary role of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in granulosa cell growth and function is well established, detailed mechanisms regulating folliculogenesis are not understood. Thus, in this study the role of several growth factors, such as thyroid hormone, insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) were evaluated for their potential as endocrine, paracrine and/or autocrine regulators of granulosa cell proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, the granulosa cell is one of the most rapidly growing normal cell types known, so a possible participation of the myc oncogene in granulosa cell proliferation was assumed. Actually, we have found that myc oncoprotein is expressed in granulosa cells in a stage-limited manner during follicular growth and regression. Abundant expression of myc oncoprotein in granulosa cells was apparent only at the preantral follicle stage. Moreover, c-myc mRNA was expressed abundantly only in the granulosa cells of the less-mature, small follicles. The stage-specific expression of c-myc oncogene in immature granulosa cells early in follicular growth may suggest the intriguing possibility of c-myc oncogene participation in the autonomous growth of the immature follicles during the early stage of folliculogenesis. We have also shown that erb-A oncogene, which encodes a thyroid hormone receptor, was expressed more abundantly in small-follicle granulosa cells than in large-follicle granulosa cells. Thus, it is possible that the expression of these oncogenes, either alone or in combination, may play a role in autonomous granulosa cell proliferation early in follicular development. On the other hand, thyroid hormone, insulin, IGF-I and EGF were found to be act as biological amplifiers (up-regulators) of FSH actions in granulosa cells, whereas TGF beta and TNF alpha were shown to act as down-regulators of FSH actions in granulosa cells. Greater than 99% of ovarian follicles undergo atresia during reproductive life. It has been shown that apoptotic cell death is the molecular mechanism underlying follicle atresia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1995

[Botulinum toxin type A (BOTOX) for treatment of blepharospasm: an open label, dose-response study].

The clinical effect of Botulinum Toxin Type A (BOTOX) were studied in patients with blepharospasm. Clinical symptoms were evaluated with Jankovic's rating scale, widely used for blepharospasm. To see dose response, eyelid muscle force of the patients was measured with a device recently developed for measurement of eyelid muscle force. The results showed significant improvement (p = 0.0000) on Jankovic's rating scale in all patient groups after effective dose injections of 0.5, 1.25, and 2.5 U/site. Particularly the number of patients with marked improvement (decrease of six points or more in total score on Jankovic's rating scale) increased with higher dose injections. The eyelid muscle force also decreased by 33.2 +/- 28.1%, 41.7 +/- 25.1%, and 69.6 +/- 5.0% in patients groups after effective dose injections of 0.5, 1.25, and 2.5 U/site, respectively. The decrease of the eyelid muscle force showed significant dose response (p = 0.0254). Mean duration of effect was 12.9 weeks in patients after effective dose injections of 1.25 U/site, which was significantly longer (p = 0.0205) than that of 9.6 weeks in patients after effective dose injections of 0.5 U/site. No severe adverse effects were observed. We concluded that BOTOX injections of 1.25 U/site or more are a safe and effective treatment of blepharospasm.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

[Computed tomography findings in convergent strabismus fixus].

X-ray computed tomography (CT) of the eyeball and orbit revealed the cause of eye movement disorder in convergent strabismus fixus. The findings suggest that the disease can be diagnosed and treated at an early stage. Twelve cases of progressive esotropia with high myopia and 20 cases with normal visual acuity served as subjects in this study. The CT slice was parallel to the German horizontal plane, and the lens and medial and lateral rectus muscles were scanned. The average axial length of the affected eyes was significantly longer than in normal eyes. In progressive esotropia, the characteristic CT findings are an elongated eyeball, mechanical contact between the eyeball and lateral wall of the orbit, and a downward displacement of the lateral rectus muscle. Thus, it is reasonable to conclude that eye movement disorder in convergent strabismus fixus results from weakness of the lateral rectus muscle which has been displaced downward due to compression of the eyeball against the orbital wall.

Aged↗

PubMed1995

[Preoperative prediction of the amount of surgical correction by using Botulinum A type toxin for the treatment of paralytic esotropia].

The aim of this study was to obtain the correct choice of initial surgical procedure and to predict the amount of surgical correction by using the maximum reduction rate of eye position after Botulinum A-type toxin injection for the treatment of acquired neurogenic paralytic strabismus. The subjects were 30 with sixth nerve palsy and 33 with non-paralytic esotopia with no previous surgery. The results were that if the maximum reduction rate of eye position after the first injection of 1.25 U was less than 68%, the modified Jensen procedure with recession of medial rectus muscle was necessary to achieve 100% recovery. However, if it was more than 100%, then recession-resection of the horizontal rectus muscles alone produced successful ocular alignment. Based on our data of 100 cases of sixth nerve palsy that showed spontaneous recovery, we conclude that surgical treatment should be planned, if the maximum percentage reduction of preoperative eye position after Botulinum A-type toxin treatment is under 68% (reflecting the inability of the medial rectus muscle to contract and the lengthening of the lateral rectus muscle), and if the patient has no spontaneous improvement at all within 12 weeks after onset.

Abducens Nerve↗

PubMed1995

[Effects of estrogen and thyroid hormone on EGF receptor expression, proliferative activity and SCC production in the CaSki cervical carcinoma cells].

This study was undertaken to see if estrogen and thyroid hormone affected EGF-receptor (EGF-R) expression, proliferative activity and intracellular SCC levels in uterine cervical squamous carcinoma cells. The uterine cervical cancer cell line (CaSki) was cultured in vitro in the absence or presence of 17 beta-estradiol (E2) or L-triiodothyronine (T3) in a serum free condition. Effects of E2 or T3 on the characteristics of EGF-R were assessed by the Scatchard analysis of the binding assay with 125I-EGF. Cellular levels of EGF-R expression were examined by the immunoperoxidase method with a monoclonal antibody to EGF-R. Proliferative activity of the cells was determined by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunostaining, 3H-thymidine uptake and the number of cells. The effects of E2 or T3 on intracellular SCC levels were also examined by determining the intracellular SCC concentration with an SCC-RIA Kit. The scatchard analysis of 125I-EGF binding to CaSki cells showed that the addition of E2 or T3 had little effect on the affinity of EGF-R for CaSki cells but increased the capacity of EGF-R for the cells. Immunocytochemical staining with anti EGF-R antibody demonstrated that EGF-R expression in the CaSki cells was augmented by the addition of E2 or T3. The addition of E2 or T3 also resulted in an increase in 3H-thymidine uptake by the CaSki cells, the PCNA positive rate and the number of cells. Furthermore the addition of E2 or T3 increased intracellular SCC in the CaSki cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antigens, Neoplasm↗

PubMed1995

[Quantitative analysis of electromyogram interference pattern in extraocular muscle].

Quantitative analysis of electromyogram (EMG) interference pattern was performed for objective evaluation. EMGs of 261 horizontal rectus muscles had been recorded in our laboratory during the past 18 years, and they were divided according to the clinical diagnosis into four categories: 56 records due to complete neuropathy, 67 due to incomplete neuropathy, 19 due to myopathy, and 119 normal. The turns and amplitude analysis program was used for EMG analysis. A turn was one wave of the interference pattern, for which we used an amplitude of more than 15 microV. Turns meant the number of turn waves per second. Turns/second and mean amplitude/turn (A/T) were plotted against each other on an X-Y diagram, and a statistical evaluation of data was done. Complete neuropathy recordings that had lower turns and lower A/T were separated from the other three categories. Incomplete neuropathy and myopathy occurred on the lower A/T area. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between each pair of comparisons from all four categories except for turns evaluated between myopathy and normal. Quantitative analysis proved useful for the objective evaluation of the EMG interference pattern, particularly between cases of complete and incomplete neuropathy.

Electromyography↗

PubMed1995

Quantitative analysis of electromyogram interference pattern in extraocular muscle.

Turns and amplitude analysis of the electromyogram (EMG) interference pattern has been applied to the extraocular muscles for the first time in the literature, to the best of our knowledge. EMGs of 261 horizontal rectus muscles recorded during the past 18 years were retrospectively examined and divided into four categories according to the clinical diagnosis: 56 complete palsy due to neuropathy, 67 incomplete palsy due to neuropathy, 19 myopathy, and 119 normal. The number of turns per second and mean amplitude between a pair of successive turns were automatically calculated by computer. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were encountered in all data among the four clinical categories except for the number of turns between myopathy and normal. The number of turns was plotted against the amplitude in each muscle on an X-Y diagram. The data of completely paretic muscle showed less number of turns and smaller amplitude and were clearly distinguishable from the data of the other three categories on the X-Y diagram. The interference pattern of incomplete palsy and myopathy had smaller amplitude than that of normal muscle. However, most of the data overlapped on the X-Y diagram particularly between data of incomplete neuropathy and myopathy.

Electromyography↗

PubMed1995

Botulinum toxin type A purified neurotoxin complex for the treatment of blepharospasm: a dose-response study measuring eyelid force.

The clinical efficacy of botulinum toxin type A was studied in patients with blepharospasm. Clinical symptoms were evaluated using the Jankovic rating scale. To measure dose response, we used a recently developed device to measure eyelid muscle force. The results showed significant improvement (P = 0.0000) in the Jankovic rating scale scores in all dose groups. The number of patients with marked improvement (6-point decrease or more in the total Jankovic rating scale score) increased with higher dose injections. After injections of 0.50, 1.25, or 2.50 U/site, 6 sites/eye, the eyelid muscle force decreased by 33.2 +/- 28.1%, 41.7 +/- 25.1%, or 69.6 +/- 5.0%, respectively. The decrease of eyelid muscle force showed a significant dose response (P = 0.0254). The mean duration of effect was 12.9 weeks in patients after dose injections of 1.25 U/site, which was significantly longer (P = 0.0205) than the 9.6 weeks in patients after dose injections of 0.50 U/site. No severe adverse effects were observed. We concluded that injections of botulinum toxin type A at an initial dose of 1.25 U/site are a safe and effective treatment for blepharospasm.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Insulin-like growth factor-I as a local regulator of proliferation and differentiated function of the human trophoblast in early pregnancy.

In order to elucidate the role of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in human placental growth and function, the effects of IGF-I on the proliferation and differentiation of trophoblasts were investigated using an organ culture system of early placental tissues. Explants of trophoblastic tissues obtained from 4-5-week or 6-12-week placentae were, respectively, cultured with or without IGF-I, in a serum-free condition. The effect of IGF-I on the proliferative activity of trophoblasts was examined by immunocytochemical techniques with a monoclonal antibody to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), while the effect of IGF-I on the differentiated function of trophoblasts was assessed by determining the ability to secrete human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and human placental lactogen (hPL). In 4-5-week placentae, IGF-I and IGF-I receptor were almost exclusively localized in cytotrophoblasts and IGF-I augmented the proliferative activity of cytotrophoblasts without affecting the ability to secrete hCG and hPL. By contrast, in 6-12-week placentae, IGF-I and IGF-I receptor were localized in both cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts and IGF-I stimulated the secretion of hCG and hPL following the enhancement of the proliferative activity of trophoblasts. In column chromatography of the serum-free medium obtained following 5-day culture of early placental tissues, an elution peak of immunoreactive IGF-I was found in the fractions similar to the elution region of [125I]IGF-I. These findings suggest that IGF-I acts as an autocrine/paracrine factor in regulating early placental growth and function.

Cell Differentiation↗

PubMed1994

Gestational-age-dependent effects of retinoids on HCG secretion by placental explants.

Vitamin A (VITA) is considered to be an essential nutrient in both pregnant and non-pregnant states. It has been suggested that VITA, among others, is involved in the process of morphogenesis. In contrast, synthetic derivatives of VITA, specifically Tigasone (etretinate, TIG) and Roaccutane (isotretinoin, ROA), are regarded as major teratogens. Therefore, in the present study we have examined the effect of VITA and other retinoids on human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) secretion by placental explants in the first trimester. Results show that, at 7-9 gestational weeks, all three compounds had a significant inhibitory effect on HCG secretion. In the case of VITA, this inhibition was time-dependent. A biphasic maximal inhibition was present at 1 microM concentrations when the retinoids VITA, TIG and ROA were added for 16 h (52, 58 and 57%, respectively; P < 0.01 by one-way analysis of variance). In contrast, the addition of the three retinoids at 1 microM concentrations for 16 h had no significant effect on HCG secretion by placental explants of 11-13 weeks gestational age. In conclusion, both natural and synthetic retinoids demonstrate a significant inhibitory effect on HCG secretion by the early placenta (pre-HCG peak). VITA may be involved in causing a plateau and the later decline in HCG secretion. Inhibition of HCG secretion by retinoids may contribute either directly or indirectly to their teratogenicity.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗

PubMed1994

Comparative assessment of the effects of subdermal levonorgestrel implant system and long acting progestogen injection method on lipid metabolism.

In order to compare the effects of two type of long-acting progestogen contraceptive methods with subdermal levonorgestrel (LNG) implants and depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) injections on lipid metabolism, a clinical cohort study was performed by requiring 25 women in each group adopting either LNG implant or DMPA injection method voluntarily. After 6 months of use, serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were determined and compared between the two groups of acceptors. The mean of total cholesterol in LNG implant acceptors was significantly lower than that in DMPA injection acceptors. The mean values of HDL-cholesterol in LNG implant acceptors (41.7 +/- 7.7 mg/dl) and in DMPA injection acceptors (45.0 +/- 9.0 mg/dl) were in the normal range without significant difference between the two groups. The mean value of triglycerides did not differ significantly between LNG implant acceptors (77.6 +/- 25.1 mg/dl) and DMPA injection acceptors (91.0 +/- 30.3 mg/dl). Serum concentrations of lipid fractions such as HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in LNG implant acceptors were relatively low compared to those in DMPA injection acceptors. Since there was a comparable reduction in both total-and HDL-cholesterol levels in the LNG implant group, the ratio of total-to HDL-cholesterol, which is thought to be a factor in determining the risk of coronary artery disease, remained in the normal range (2 +/- 4.5). This suggests that the use of these two contraceptive methods with progestogens does not alter the risk of development of coronary artery disease.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Expression of transforming growth factor-alpha in the human ovary during follicular growth, regression and atresia.

The cytologic localization and cellular levels of TGF alpha in the human ovary during follicular growth and regression were examined by avidin/biotin immunoperoxidase techniques with a monoclonal antibody to TGF alpha. In primordial follicles, only the oocyte showed intense immunostaining for TGF alpha, whereas the flattened pregranulosa cells were negative for the immunostaining. The earliest stage of follicular growth at which immunostaining for TGF alpha in granulosa cells and theca interna cells became apparent was the preantral stage. With the increase in the size of follicles, the intensity of TGF alpha immunostaining in the oocyte decreased, whereas the staining intensity of the granulosa and theca cells increased. The immunostaining for TGF alpha in granulosa and theca interna cells persisted in the corpus luteum, and further intensified during the midluteal phase. In the regressing corpus luteum, the immunostaining was present only in the peripheral theca lutein cells adjacent to the central scar tissue. The corpus albicans was negative for the immunostaining. Stromal cells exhibited weak staining for TGF alpha. In atretic follicles, the theca interna cells exhibited intense staining for TGF alpha without appreciable staining in the scattered granulosa cells. This is the first report to demonstrate that TGF alpha expression in the oocyte is maximal in primordial follicles, whereas TGF alpha expression in granulosa and theca cells increases with the progress of follicles and reaches its maximum in the lutein cells during the mid luteal phase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗