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Biomedical subjects

T Marshall

Publications and source records attributed to T Marshall.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Variations in responses to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

1 This paper assesses the variability in the response of patients with rheumatoid disease to a group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). 2 Thirty six patients were divided into three groups and each group received a set of four NSAID. The different drugs were each given three times daily for a week and the treatment order was randomised. 3 The study demonstrated marked variability and unpredictability in patient responses and cast doubt on the value of comparative trials of different NSAID.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1982

Secular change in birthweight of Asian babies born in Birmingham.

We have studied changes in the birthweight of Asian babies born alive at this hospital between 1968 and 1978. In 1978 Pakistani babies were 139 g heavier but Indian babies only 25 g heavier than 10 years earlier. Contributing to these changes were significantly fewer short mothers and primiparae among Pakistanis, and non-significant increases in gestational age and intrauterine growth (that is, weight centile after allowing for gestational age, parity, and maternal height). Among Indians there were significant increases in maternal height and gestational age, but parity was reduced and intrauterine growth did not increase. In both groups there were fewer teenage mothers, but whereas among Pakinstanis birth intervals of less than one year were less common, there was no such reduction among Indian mothers. The secular change suggests that genetic factors are unlikely to be the major reason why Pakistani babies born in Birmingham are lighter than European babies, and that environmental factors play an important role. Efforts to increase birthweight need to consider both the mothers' physical environment during pregnancy and prepregnancy factors influencing growth in childhood, age at first pregnancy, and birth interval. The study shows a need to describe an 'Asian' population with details of their sub-ethnic structure. The sub-ethnic and secular differences further suggest that a single 'Asian' standard for birthweight and intrauterine growth may be inappropriate; the use of international reference data with which all infants may be compared is preferable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Clinical limitations of the estimation of glomerular filtration rate from height/plasma creatinine ratio: a comparison with simultaneous 51Cr edetic acid slope clearance.

A retrospective comparison of single determinations of glomerular filtration rate measured by 51chromium-edetic acid slope clearance (CEDTA) and height/plasma creatinine ratio (Ht/PC) was undertaken in 199 children aged between 3 and 16 years. Analysis of the data indicated that only if Ht/PC less than or equal to 1.2 cm/mumol per 1 was the relationship between Ht/PC and CEDTA linear. Over this range where renal function is significantly impaired the confidence limits for individual prediction of glomerular filtration rate were so wide that a definitive measurement of renal function would be necessary in clinical practice. Where Ht/PC greater than or equal to 1.2 the relationship was non-linear and the predictive confidence limits very wide. To apply the technique as a screening test for normal renal function (CEDTA greater than or equal to 80 ml/min per 1.73 m2) the Ht/PC would need to exceed 2.16. In our study this would have detected 57 out of 131 patients who had normal glomerular filtration rates and erroneously included 2 out of 68 with subnormal renal function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

A simplified technique of high resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis: serum immunoglobulins.

A relatively simple, inexpensive technique is described for high resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis of human serum proteins. The technique clearly resolves the heavy chains of IgG, IgA and IgM, the positions of which have now been established. The technique is highly reproducible for normal serum. Distinct changes were observed upon examination of the sera of patients with IgG OF IgA myelomatosis or Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia. The technique should prove valuable in both the study of immunoglobulin disorders and studies into the fine structure of highly purified immunoglobulins.

Blood Protein Disorders↗
PubMed1980

Beta-thromboglobulin in antecubital vein blood in relation to history of a stroke.

The levels of beta-thromboglobulin (BTG) have been measured in the blood of 22 male and 22 female elderly patients who gave a past history of stroke, and in 31 males and 88 females of comparable age who gave no such history. Comparisons were made within and between the groups. In the stroke patients the relationship between BTG and age was not significant for either sex, nor was there a difference between the sexes. In the BTG/time from stroke relationship the females showed significantly higher levels the longer the time that had elapsed since the stroke, and this could not be explained solely by the factor of ageing. For males, on the other hand, there was a non-significant fall in BTG with days from stroke. In 'normal' subjects the BTG/age relationship was significant in females but not in males. No significant differences were demonstrated between the BTG/age relationships between the stroke and control groups and this was true for both sexes. The potential value of estimations of BTG in the elderly is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

The influence of racial mix on comparisons of perinatal mortality rate between Area Health Authorities.

The proportion of births to women of New Commonwealth origin in different Area Health Authorities (AHAs) varies widely. The influence of this varying proportion in contributing to differences in perinatal mortality rate (PNMR) between authorities is examined. Firstly, it is shown that the two main 'immigrant' groups have adverse PNMRs compared with Europeans, and that there is a positive correlation between the proportion of immigrant births in an Area and the PNMR. Secondly it is shown that immigrants have PNMRs (standardised for birth weight distribution) better than those of Europeans, and that there is a negative correlation between the proportion of immigrant births in an Area and the standardised PNMR of the whole Area. Thirdly, based on data from Birmingham a correction factor is developed and applied to the standardised PNMR to examine the effect of adjusting for racial mix. Factors other than birthweight contributint to variation between races in their PNMRs are discussed. It is concluded that the effect of race in contributing independently of birthweight to variation between Areas in respect of PNMRs is insufficient to invalidate inter-Area comparisons.

Asia, Western↗
PubMed1979

beta-thromboglobulin in antecubital vein blood--the influence of age, sex and blood group.

Samples of blood for estimation of beta-thromboglobulin (B.T.G.) in normal subjects have been obtained both from blood donors at the end of their donation and from other volunteers by standard venepuncture. The former was a satisfactory method in males only. By standard venepuncture females have on average lower values than males and in the pre-menopausal age groups the difference is statistically significant. Mean values vary little up to 59 years after which they rise slowly but steadily. There is no significant difference in the mean B.T.G. values between the ABO blood groups.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1978

The isolation and characterization of the high-molecular-weight glycoprotein from pig colonic mucus.

1. A high-molecular-weight glycoprotein constitutes over 80% by weight of the total glycoprotein from water-soluble pig colonic mucus. 2. It was isolated from from nucleic acid and non-covalently bound protein by nuclease digestion followed by equilibrium centrifugation in a CsCl gradient. 3. The glycoprotein has the following composition by weight: fucose 10.4%; glucosamine 23.9%; galactosamine 8.3%; sialic acid 9.9%; galactose 20.8%; sulphate 3.0%; protein 13.3%; moisture about 10%. 4. The native glycoprotein has the high mol.wt. of 15 X 10(6). 5. Reduction of the native glycoprotein with 2-mercaptoethanol results in a glycoprotein of mol.wt. 6 X 10(6). 6. Pronase digestion removes 29% of the protein (3% of the glycoprotein) but none of the carbohydrate. 7. The molecular weight of the Pronase-digested glycoprotein is 1.5 X 10(6), which is halved to 0.76 X 10(6) on reduction with 2-mercaptoethanol. 8. The contribution of non-covalent interactions, disulphide bridges and the non-glycosylated peptide core to the quaternary structure of the glycoprotein are discussed and compared with the known structure of pig gastric glycoportein.

Amino Acids↗