Biomedical subjects

T Manabe

Publications and source records attributed to T Manabe.

At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigens in parathyroid glands of renal hyperparathyroidism.

Total parathyroidectomy with autotransplantation of a small piece of the resected hyperplastic gland is currently the usual surgical procedure for renal hyperparathyroidism in Japan. Empirically, the smallest glands showing diffuse growth are selected for the graft. In order to seek the rationale for this procedure, we examined 50 cases of both nodular and diffuse hyperplastic parathyroid glands and five cases of recurrent grafted tissues histologically and immunohistochemically with anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) antibody. The proliferative activity of the glands growing in diffuse fashion was much lower than that of those growing in nodular fashion (p < 0.05). All the parathyroid glands selected for grafting in the recurrent cases showed nodular growth. No relation was revealed between PCNA expression and the size of the glands, or between the former and the type of cell components (chief and oxyphilic cells). In nodular lesions, immunopositive cells were frequently distributed near the thick fibrous capsule. From these results, we conclude that parathyroid glands showing a diffuse growth pattern are indeed suitable for the graft. When only a nodular hyperplastic parathyroid gland is available, it is suggested that the central portion of the nodule may provide a better source for the graft with little change of recurrence.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cellular alterations of parotid gland of rats with acute pancreatitis induced by cerulein.

To explore the cellular and subcellular alterations of the parotid gland during acute pancreatitis, we examined the redistribution of lysosomal enzyme, cathepsin B, along with the discharge of the LDH and cathepsin B from parotid acini of rats with acute pancreatitis induced by a supramaximal dose of cerulein (5 micrograms/kg/h for 3.5 h). Both the serum amylase level and parotid-gland amylase content were increased significantly in rats with acute pancreatitis. The dry-/wet-wt ratio ratio was significantly lower than in the control. In vitro studies showed that discharge of LDH from the parotid acini and leakage of cathepsin B from lysosomes in the acini were significantly higher than in the control. In addition, there was redistribution of the cathepsin B (shifting from the lysosomal pellet to the zymogen pellet) in the parotid gland. These results indicate that in acute pancreatitis there is edema and accumulation of amylase in the parotid glands, along with increased cellular and lysosomal fragility. Thus, there seems to be a close relationship between the exocrine pancreas and the parotid glands. Gut hormones, such as cerulein, also appear to play an important role in the pathophysiology of the parotid glands.

Acute Disease↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Factors influencing prognosis and indications for curative pancreatectomy for ductal adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas.

The factors influencing prognosis and the indications for curative resection by radical pancreatectomy were evaluated in 74 patients treated with pancreatectomy for ductal cell carcinoma of the head of the pancreas. The 5-yr survival rates for patients without lymph node metastasis, capsular invasion, portal system involvement, or retroperitoneal invasion were 21.2, 20.2, 25.5, and 19.6%, respectively; the 5-yr survival rate for patients with lymph node metastasis or capsular invasion was 5.3% and 6.4%, respectively, and the 2-yr survival rate for patients with portal system involvement or retroperitoneal invasion was 0%. The 5-yr survival rate for 32 patients treated with radical pancreatectomy was 33.4%, and the 3-yr survival rate for 42 patients treated with nonradical pancreatectomy was 0%. Our results suggest that, in patients with ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas without factors limiting prognosis, curative resection by radical pancreatectomy is feasible; however, in patients with positive factors, particularly portal system involvement or retroperitoneal invasion, a comprehensive therapeutic program combining extensive surgery, radiation, chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy is necessary to obtain better results.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Confluent hepatic fibrosis in cirrhosis: ferumoxides-enhanced MR imaging findings.

We describe ferumoxides-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging findings in a 60-year-old man with confluent hepatic fibrosis in advanced cirrhosis. The extension and internal structure of confluent fibrosis were well demonstrated with ferumoxides-enhanced proton-density spin-echo magnetic resonance images, showing a wedge-shaped area of high signal intensity corresponding to the extension of fibrosis and internal focal areas of low signal intensity, presumably corresponding to residual functioning liver parenchyma. This case suggests a potential utility of ferumoxides-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for characterizing this tumor-mimicking disorder.

Contrast Media↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Nonpathological focal enhancements on spiral CT hepatic angiography.

BACKGROUND: To assess the frequency and characteristics of nonpathological focal enhancements seen on spiral computed tomographic (CT) hepatic angiography (CTA). METHODS: Spiral CTA and spiral CT arterial portography (CTAP) were performed in 31 patients with suspected liver malignancy prior to potential liver resection. The CTA images were retrospectively reviewed for focal enhancements by two radiologists. After determining nonpathological focal enhancements on CTA images based on the other radiographic tests, surgical exploration including intraoperative sonography, follow-up imagings, the frequency, size, site, and shape of nonpathological focal enhancements with CTA were assessed. RESULTS: Thirty-six nonpathological focal enhancements with CTA from 4 to 23 (mean = 11. 4) mm were seen in 14 (45.2%) of 31 patients. Thirteen (36.1%) of 36 nonpathological focal enhancements with CTA were not depicted with CTAP. Nonpathological focal enhancements with CTA were frequent in Couinaud segments III (27.8%), V (22.2%), and VI (19.4%). Twenty-three (63.9%) of 36 nonpathological focal enhancements were located in the edge of the liver. Shapes of 36 nonpathological focal enhancements with CTA included circular (n = 16), worm (n = 7), irregular (n = 6), dot (n = 6), and wedge (n = 1). CONCLUSION: In nearly half of patients, spiral CTA shows various shapes of small nonpathological focal enhancements more frequently in the liver edge.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Immunohistochemical studies on the localization of cancer associated antigens DU-PAN-2 and CA19-9 in carcinomas of the digestive tract.

The immunohistochemical localization of DU-PAN-2 antigen and CA19-9 antigen in carcinomas of the digestive tract was studied using an immunoperoxidase technique. Staining for DU-PAN-2 antigen and CA19-9 antigen was observed in 104 (79%) and 96 (73%) of 131 carcinomas of the digestive tract, respectively. Diffuse staining (more than 20% of carcinoma cell stained) for DU-PAN-2 was detected in 14 of 21 (67%) pancreatic carcinomas and 11 of 19 (58%) carcinomas of the biliary tract (including cholangiocarcinoma). Diffuse staining for CA19-9 was detected in 15 (71%) of pancreatic carcinomas and nine (47%) of the carcinomas of the biliary tract. In colon carcinomas, no diffuse staining for DU-PAN-2 was observed, whereas diffuse staining for CA19-9 was found in 41%. There was a positive correlation between the differentiation degree (or grade) of the adenocarcinomas of the colon and the expression of CA19-9, but not that of DU-PAN-2. These immunohistochemical studies showed that DU-PAN-2 antigen is expressed diffusely in most cases of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas and biliary tract and is more specific for adenocarcinomas of the pancreas and biliary tract than CA19-9.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Protection by gabexate mesilate (FOY) of the exocrine pancreas in rats with acute pancreatitis induced by a supramaximal dose of caerulein.

Earlier studies have reported that interstitial oedematous pancreatitis characterized by hyperamylasaemia can be seen during the early stage of stimulation of supramaximal dose of caerulein. The present study investigated the changes in both cellular and lysosomal fragility and the protective effects of a synthetic protease inhibitor gabexate mesilate (FOY) on this non-invasive model of experimental pancreatitis. The infusion of FOY (50 mg/kg/h) prevented the caerulein-induced increase in serum amylase and pancreatic oedema formation and reduced the elevated amylase content significantly. The administration of FOY with caerulein also reduced the increased lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) discharge significantly and inhibited the cathepsin B leakage from lysosomes in an in vitro incubation system. These results indicate that FOY plays its protective role at the subcellular level--that is, in lysosomes by inhibiting some proteases such as phospholipase A2. The importance of esterases in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis is demonstrated. This type of esterase inhibitor may be valuable clinically in the treatment of acute pancreatitis and these results also suggest the role of lysosomal fragility in the pathogenesis of progression of acute pancreatitis.

Acute Disease↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Protective effect of a cephalosporin, Shiomarin, plus a new potent protease inhibitor, E3123, on rat taurocholate-induced pancreatitis.

The role of infectious factors in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis and the protective effect of combined therapy with a new potent synthetic protease inhibitor, E3123, and a new potent synthetic cephalosporin, Shiomarin were examined in rat acute pancreatitis. Sodium taurocholate injection into the pancreatico-biliary duct of rats caused severe pancreatitis with a high mortality rate, characterized by hyperamylasaemia, high amylase activity in ascitic fluid, hyperendotoxaemia and a high serum level of fibrin degradation products (FDP) and redistribution of cathepsin B from the lysosomal fraction to the zymogen fraction. Sodium taurocholate injection into the pancreatico-biliary duct also caused the bacterial growth in the pancreas. In rats with E3123 infusion almost all parameters were improved, including mortality rate, serum and ascitic fluid amylase levels, plasma endotoxin and serum FDP levels, and distribution of lysosomal enzyme. But combination therapy with E3123 and Shiomarin was significantly more protective than E3123 therapy alone. These results indicate that infection plays an important role in the development of severe pancreatitis and that combination therapy with a new synthetic protease inhibitor and a new potent antibiotic may be useful in the treatment of severe pancreatitis.

Acute Disease↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Endocervical adenomyoma. A case report with histochemical and immunohistochemical studies.

We report a case of adenomyoma of endocervical type arising in a 44-year-old female. Grossly, a well-circumscribed tumor protruding from the right side of the uterine cervix was seen which was assumed to be an ovarian tumor by imaging studies carried out preoperatively. The tumor was composed of a mixture of proliferating glands of endocervical type and fascicles of smooth muscle cells. There was no distinct nuclear anaplasia in the proliferating glands, there were no architectural abnormalities, and there was no evidence of destructive stromal invasion such as desmoplasia. Minimal deviation adenocarcinoma, which shows a gastric phenotype with immunoreactivity for M-GGMC-1 and predominantly PAS-positive neutral mucin, was a serious diagnostic possibility, but the lesion was well-circumscribed, cytologic and architectural abnormalities were absent, and staining for M-GGMC-1 was negative, which suggested a diagnosis of endocervical adenomyoma. An increased Ki-67 labeling index by up to 20%, the presence of predominantly PAS-positive neutral mucin, and membranous immunoreactivity for CEA in limited areas were diagnostic pitfalls, which could lead to an erroneous diagnosis of minimal deviation adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. Therefore, the results of these ancillary techniques should be interpreted with caution and combined with gross and light microscopic features.

Adenomyoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Basement membrane material and tigroid background in a fine needle aspirate of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the cervix. A case report.

BACKGROUND: Although cytologic findings of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the female genital tract have been reported sporadically, the background on the smear has received little attention. CASE: A 16-year-old female had a large, necrotic mass in the cervix. As cervical brushing cytology and a punch biopsy of the mass could not make a definitive diagnosis, fine needle aspiration cytology was performed from the mass. The smears revealed loose, three-dimensional clusters and sheet arrangements of atypical cells. Dispersed atypical cells were also seen. The atypical cells were large and had abundant, weakly stained cytoplasm and round or oval nuclei with large nucleoli. There were a few tumor cells with clear cytoplasm and distinct cell borders in Papanicolaou-stained smears. The background in Diff-Quik-stained smears revealed a tigroid background and basement membrane material. CONCLUSION: The malignant tumor, revealing both a tigroid background and basement membrane material, seems to have been clear cell adenocarcinoma. Both features are diagnostic clues to clear cell adenocarcinoma in the female genital tract. Our case indicates that aspiration cytology is also an effective method of diagnosing a cervical tumor when the tumor is polypoid and the surface is extensively necrotic.

Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Diagnostic value of hair shafts and squamous cells in peritoneal washing cytology.

OBJECTIVE: Little attention has been given to hair shafts and squamous cells in peritoneal fluid. To investigate their diagnostic value in peritoneal washing specimens, we reviewed peritoneal washing cytology preparations from 83 cases of ovarian tumors. STUDY DESIGN: We reviewed peritoneal washing specimens and histologic sections of 86 cases of ovarian tumors and tumorous conditions, including 22 teratomas, 16 serous adenocarcinomas, 10 clear cell adenocarcinomas, 9 endometrioid adenocarcinomas, 5 cases of endometriosis, 4 mucinous adenomas, 3 serous cystadenocarcinomas and 17 other tumors. RESULTS: We observed both squamous cells and hair shafts surrounded by inflammatory cells in 5 of the 22 cases of ovarian teratoma. Rupture of an ovarian teratoma was clinically and histologically found in one of the five cases. Hair shafts were not observed in the other tumors or in nonneoplastic conditions. The diameter of hair shafts in peritoneal washing specimens ranged from 10 to 28.8 microns (average, 16.6), and such hair shafts were present within an ovarian teratoma examined histologically. The diameter of hair shafts from six normal adults who were examined as controls ranged from 61.5 to 118.6 microns (average, 89.4). CONCLUSION: Hair shafts and squamous cells surrounded by inflammatory cells in peritoneal washing specimens are a diagnostic clue to ovarian teratoma and can be observed even when rupture of the tumor is not detected clinically or microscopically.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Ectopic hamartomatous thymoma. Report of a case with fine needle aspiration biopsy findings.

BACKGROUND: Ectopic hamartomatous thymoma is a rare, benign tumor occurring exclusively in the supraclavicular and suprasternal regions. To the best of our knowledge, there are no English-language reports on its cytologic findings. CASE: A fine needle aspiration specimen from a mass in the suprasternal region in a 63-year-old male revealed epithelial cell nests, spindle cells, a cluster of mature adipocytes and a small number of lymphocytes. CONCLUSION: Although ectopic hamartomatous thymoma is very rare, fine needle aspiration cytology may contribute to the correct diagnosis in conjunction with the characteristic clinical findings.

Adipocytes↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cytologic findings in noninvasive intraductal papillary-mucinous carcinoma of the pancreas. A report of two cases.

BACKGROUND: Intraductal papillary-mucinous carcinoma of the pancreas is a new diagnostic term proposed by the 1996 World Health Organization classification of the exocrine pancreas. So far, there have been only a few reports concerning its cytologic findings, especially in noninvasive cases. CASES: The clinical and cytohistologic findings in two cases of noninvasive intraductal papillary-mucinous carcinoma of the pancreas were reviewed. Cytologic specimens were obtained from pure pancreatic juice in the dilated main pancreatic duct during the operation (case 1) and during endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP) (case 2). Both cases showed three-dimensionally or individually scattered tumor cells with an increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio and prominent nucleoli. CONCLUSION: Our cases suggest that pancreatic juice cytology during ERP or surgery is useful in diagnosing pancreatic cancers and that it may detect noninvasive intraductal papillary-mucinous carcinoma of the pancreas.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Solitary fibrous tumor of the spinal cord. Report of a case with scrape cytology.

BACKGROUND: Solitary fibrous tumor is a rare spindle cell tumor and has been forced at a variety of sites. To the best of our knowledge, only two cases of solitary fibrous tumor arising in the spinal cord have been reported; no cytologic findings were documented. CASE: A 62-year-old male presented with a spinal cord tumor. A scrape smear of the resected tumor revealed naked, spindle-shaped nuclei. Some nuclei were twisted or had long spindles. In the background, abundant, thin and thick collagen fibers were present. Immunohistochemically, the spindle cells were positive for CD34 and negative for S-100 protein and alpha-smooth muscle actin. Histologic diagnosis of the tumor was benign solitary fibrous tumor. CONCLUSION: Our case indicates that solitary fibrous tumor can occur in the spinal cord and should be differentiated from other benign spindle cell tumors, such as meningioma and schwannoma. The key cytologic features of solitary fibrous tumor may be the presence of abundant thin and thick collagen fibers in scrape specimens.

Biomarkers↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Scrape cytology of elastofibroma. Report of a case with diagnostic cytologic features.

BACKGROUND: Elastofibroma is a benign, soft tissue tumor that occurs most frequently in the subscapular area in elderly people. To the best of our knowledge, in only two cases has the cytology been reported. The aim of this report is to describe the characteristic cytologic findings of elastofibroma and to discuss the usefulness of elastin stain in scrape smears. CASE: A 72-year-old female had bilateral masses in the lower subscapular area. Scrape smears from a cut surface of the resected masses revealed abundant, "wormlike" or "braidlike" material with central cores with Papanicolaou stain in an intraoperative consultation. Various-sized, petaloid or crystalloid globules were also present. Those elastic fibers were strongly positive for elastin stain in cytologic preparations. CONCLUSION: Elastofibroma can be diagnosed cytologically, and elastin-stained, scrape cytologic preparation is especially useful in such a case.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Calcium oxalate crystals in thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the occurrence, distribution and location of calcium oxalate crystals (COCs) in thyroid fine needle cytology specimens. STUDY DESIGN: Thyroid tissues from 60 fine needle aspiration cytology specimens (31 benign and 29 malignant lesions) were reviewed. These lesions were also histologically examined, and their pathologic diagnosis was confirmed. The cytologic slides were examined by normal and polarized light microscopy to determine their size, shape, occurrence, distribution and location. RESULTS: The size and shape of COCs varied from case to case. The total incidence was 45% (benign diseases, 68%; malignant lesions, 21%). No significant relationship between age and occurrence of COCs was found. Benign diseases showed more multifocal than focal distribution of COCs, unlike malignant diseases. Twenty-three (85%) of 27 cases with COCs revealed background location of COCs, especially within thyroid colloid. CONCLUSION: The occurrence of COCs in thyroid fine needle cytology was lower than that in histologic specimens reported in the literature, and COCs were more often identified in benign than malignant lesions. The presence of COCs may be a clue to benign lesions if their distribution is taken into consideration.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Giant lamellar bodies in pulmonary MALT lymphoma. A case report.

BACKGROUND: Giant lamellar bodies are laminated, scroll-like whorls seen within alveolar spaces and have been occasionally observed in sclerosing hemangioma of the lung. However, to the best of our knowledge, the cytologic findings of giant lamellar bodies have not been reported. We describe cytologic findings of giant lamellar bodies associated with pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. CASE: A 72-year-old male had a pulmonary mass measuring 2.0 x 1.4 x 1.5 cm. Cytologic smears imprinted from a cut surface of the resected mass revealed a large number of concentrically laminated structures, giant lamellar bodies, measuring 15-40 microns in diameter. Necrotic cellular remnants were occasionally observed in the center of the structures. In the background, small to medium-sized lymphoid cells and plasmacytoid cells were observed. Histologic diagnosis of the tumor was IgG, kappa type, MALT lymphoma. An aggregate of giant lamellar bodies was observed within entrapped, dilated alveolar spaces lined with hypertrophied, type II pneumocytes. Immunohistochemically, the giant lamellar bodies were positive for KL-6. CONCLUSION: Giant lamellar bodies may be derived from surfactant and necrotic type II pneumocytes and may be observed cytologically in cases of pulmonary MALT lymphoma.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Collagenous crystalloids in a fine needle aspirate of a pleomorphic adenoma of the minor salivary gland. A case report.

BACKGROUND: Collagenous crystalloids were previously observed in histologic sections of pleomorphic adenoma. However, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no English-language reports dealing with collagenous crystalloids in fine needle aspirates. CASE: A fine needle aspiration specimen obtained from a mass in the hard palate of a 52-year-old female revealed collagenous crystalloids. The crystalloids were yellow to green, measured 30-50 microns in diameter and were radially arranged. CONCLUSION: This case indicates that collagenous crystalloids in salivary gland aspirates may be a clue to the diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗