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Biomedical subjects

T Majima

Publications and source records attributed to T Majima.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Peripheral airway obstruction and treatment].

The effect of medication on peripheral airway obstruction was examined in cases of bronchial asthma. Subjects were 1) patients with exercise-induced asthma, 2) an animal model of hyperventilation-induced asthma and 3) patients with chronic asthma. Peripheral airway obstruction was induced in 30 of 51 patients with exercise-induced asthma. Induction of peripheral airway obstruction was protected significantly by procaterol. Cromoglycate was effective in 12 of 17 patients but ipratropium was not effective against induction of peripheral airway obstruction. In the animal model, humid air inhalation, procaterol and ipratropium completely prevented hyperventilation-induced bronchoconstriction, but cromoglycate caused only partial prevention. In cases of chronic asthma with peripheral airway obstruction, beclomethasone inhalation reduced the symptom rating rapidly, but no changes were observed in pulmonary function and threshold of airway responsiveness. Cromoglycate was started in patients with chronic asthma who had been treated with beclomethasone. After cromoglycate administration, therapeutic rating decreased, but increased again after 8 weeks of cromoglycate therapy. Peripheral airway obstruction induced by exercise or hyperventilation could be prevented by adequate premedication, but chronic peripheral airway obstruction was difficult to treat.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1992

A ten- to 15-year follow-up observation of high tibial osteotomy in medial compartment osteoarthrosis.

High tibial osteotomy (HTO) was performed on 86 medially osteoarthritic knees in 78 patients. Twelve patients died during the follow-up period. Fifty-six knees of 51 patients were evaluated twice postoperatively: once at six years after surgery and again after ten to 15 years. Results were satisfactory in 88% of the knees at the six-year follow-up evaluation and in 63% at the post-ten-year follow-up evaluation. Ten-year follow-up results significantly deteriorated. The femorotibial angle (FTA) at the time of bone union after HTO was a significant factor that contributed to the ten-year results. In patients maintaining excellent improvement of knee function at the post-ten-year follow-up evaluation, the mean FTA at one year after surgery was 165 degrees; this value was constant through ten years after HTO. An FTA of 164 degrees-168 degrees should be attained to ensure favorable long-term results in HTO.

Bone Nails↗
PubMed1991

Three-dimensional readout of flash x-ray images of living sperm in water by atomic-force microscopy.

The imaging of living specimens in water by x-ray microscopy can be greatly enhanced with the use of an intense flash x-ray source and sophisticated technologies for reading x-ray images. A subnanosecond [corrected] x-ray pulse from a laser-produced plasma was used to record the x-ray image of living sea urchin sperm in an x-ray resist. The resist relief was visualized at high resolution by atomic-force microscopy. Internal structure of the sperm head was evident, and the carbon density in a flagellum was estimated from the relief height.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in which glycemic control was improved during pregnancy but deteriorated after delivery with the occurrence of postpartum thyrotoxicosis: a case report.

We report a patient, a twin, with diabetes mellitus whose hyperglycemic state fluctuated during the course of the pregnancy and the subsequent delivery. She was diagnosed as having slowly progressive IDDM because of her clinical course and the findings of serum positive ICA/CF, positive HLA-DR4 and disconcordance of diabetes mellitus with her identical twin. Insulin therapy was not initially needed in the first two years because the endogenous insulin secretion was not completely reduced. After two years of insulin therapy the patient became pregnant. Her glycemic control was remarkably improved without changes in dietary intake and insulin dosage. After delivery glycemic control deteriorated after delivery with the occurrence of postpartum thyroiditis. Urinary excretion of CPR was increased during pregnancy but decreased after delivery. ICA/CF in serum were persistently detected in the whole observation period. It seems that the improved glycemic control during pregnancy was caused by the reduction in the autoimmune reaction and the deterioration in glycemic control during the postpartum period was induced by the acceleration of the autoimmune reaction by the same mechanism of postpartum autoimmune thyroiditis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Long-term evaluation of high tibial osteotomy for medial osteoarthritis of the knee.

Fifty-five medial osteoarthritic knees in 50 patients who had undergone high tibial osteotomies (HTO) were followed up twice: once, six years after surgery, and again, 10-15 years postoperatively. The results were satisfactory in 85% of the knees at the six-year follow-up and in 62% of the knees at the 10-year follow-up. The results post 10 or more years had deteriorated significantly compared to those seen six years postoperatively. In patients maintaining excellent improvement of knee function post 10 or more years, the mean femorotibial angle (FTA) one year after surgery had been 165 degrees; this value remained constant for 10 years postoperatively. The authors believe that an FTA of 164 degrees - 168 degrees should be set as a goal when performing a high tibial osteotomy to ensure favorable long-term results in HTO.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Role of eosinophils in the late asthmatic response].

The occurrence of late asthmatic response (LAR) is effectively prevented by corticosteroids, but not all by beta-adrenergic drugs. LAR is considered to be of great clinical and therapeutic importance and to be involved in the progression of bronchial asthma into a severe or even an intractable form. However the exact mechanism of the occurrence of LAR remains obscure in many respects. LAR is believed to be due to type I allergy. In guinea pigs, a positive bronchial inhalation challenge following passive sensitization with allogeneic antibody does not induce LAR or eosinophilic infiltration of lung tissue. This experimental fact led us to surmise that LAR would seem likely to be elicited in passively sensitized animals if pronounced eosinophilic infiltration can be induced concurrently and to conduct an experiment with conjoined inhalation of platelet activating factor (PAF). PAF, which has a chemotactic activity for eosinophils, was administered to passively sensitized animals in attempt to examine a role of eosinophils in LAR. A goodly number of animals developed LAR on additional PAF inhalation. These animals, when compared with those without LAR, showed a significantly larger proportion of eosinophils in BALF (p less than 0.05) with an upward tendency for the proportion of neutrophils. Histologically, there was noted a striking association between LAR and eosinophilic infiltration of the bronchial submucosa. These results suggest that anti-IgE antibody is deeply involved in the elicitation of LAR, stressing the importance of eosinophilic infiltration.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Unusual expression of IgG Fc receptors on peripheral granulocytes from patients with leukocyte adhesion deficiency (CD11/CD18 deficiency).

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) is a hereditary disease characterized by defective expression of leukocyte adhesion glycoproteins; lymphocyte function-associated Ag-1 (CD11a/CD18), CR3 (CD11b/CD18) and p150,95 (CD11c/CD18). Granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes of patients with LAD show profoundly defective in vivo and in vitro adherence-dependent immune functions. We investigated the expression of FcR for IgG on polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) and monocytes from patients with LAD, and their luminol- and lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence production in response to SRBC sensitized with murine (m) IgG2a and IgG2b. Unstimulated patient PMN showed an enhanced chemiluminescence in response to mIgG2a-SRBC and an increased phagocytosis of mIgG2a-SRBC. The up-regulated functions were inhibited by monomeric human IgG in a dose-dependent manner, which was attributed to an increase in expression of FcRI on patient PMN, as shown by flow cytometry using monoclonal antibody, 32.2, specific for human FcRI. In contrast, neither the expression of FcR on the monocytes of LAD patients nor their FcR-mediated functions were different from those of controls.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1990

Oriented immobilization of bacterial photosynthetic membrane.

We have examined a method for oriented immobilization of photosynthetic membrane fragments on a solid surface by specific avidin-biotin interaction. Photosynthetic membrane fragments from the purple non-sulphur photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas viridis, of which the H-subunit of the photosynthetic reaction centre was biotinylated, was immobilized on an avidin-adsorbed plate. Orientation of the immobilized membrane on the plastic plate was checked by an antisera binding assay that could react to the respective sides of the membrane: the H-subunit side was selectively adsorbed on the plate. Light-induced potential and current responses could be measured when the membrane immobilized on the SnO2-coated glass plate was dried and sandwiched with a counter electrode of Hg. The electrical response in the immobilized membrane was much improved in comparison with the control (membranes were simply adsorbed on the plate), supporting the idea that the membranes have an orientation on solid surfaces.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1990

[Two cases of budgerigar breeder's lung].

We report 2 patients with Bird breeder's lung associated with keeping budgerigars. Patient 1 kept a budgerigar indoors for 13 years. Histological examination revealed fibrosis and granulomatous changes in the alveolar septa. Among T lymphocyte subsets in BALF, helper T cell were increased. In the serum, precipitating antibodies to budgerigar dropping extract were observed. Patient 2 had kept Budgerigar for 7 months. Histologically, alveolitis was the primary finding, and suppressor T cell in the BALF were increased. Precipitating antibodies to budgerigar dropping extract was observed only in the BALF but not in serum. In patient 1 who showed a chronic course and granuloma formation, helper T cell in the BALF were increased while in patient 2 who showed an acute course and alveolitis, suppressor T cell in the BALF were increased, and precipitating antibody was observed only in the BALF. These findings suggest that T lymphocyte subsets in the BALF differ depending on the stage of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and specific local antibody production precedes systemic antibody production.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1990

[Congenital atresia of the left main coronary artery ostium--a case suffering from ventricular tachycardia].

A case of congenital atresia of the left main coronary ostium suffering from ventricular tachycardia underwent coronary artery bypass operation. The patient was 17 years old boy. When he was 9 years old he visited our department for the purpose of examining cardiac disease. The diagnostic impression was mitral regurgitation. At 16 years old he suddenly complained tachycardia during exercise. He admitted to our hospital and the tachycardia was proved to be ventricular tachycardia. Left ventriculogram demonstrated a small range of akinesis at the left ventricular apex. And coronary cineangiogram revealed atresia of the left main coronary artery. The left coronary artery was perfused with collateral circulations from right coronary artery. Electrophysiological study was performed. The ventricular tachycardia could be reproducibly initiated and terminated by programmed stimulation. The catheter endocardial mapping was also performed. The source of ventricular tachycardia was supposed to be at the left ventricular apex. At 18 years old coronary artery bypass operation was performed. Internal mammary artery graft was placed to the left anterior descending artery and a saphenous vein graft was placed from the ascending aorta to the left circumflex artery. A small size of myocardial infarction was recognized at the left ventricular apex. And epicardial mapping revealed that the source of arrhythmia was the same region as the myocardial infarction was recognized. Endocardial resection or cryoablation was not performed. Post-operative study was performed 8 months after surgery. The graft flow of the internal mammary artery to the left anterior descending artery was not sufficient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Corticosteroid--effects of beclomethasone dipropionate 800 micrograms/day].

The effects of beclomethasone dipropionate (BD) 800 micrograms on steroid-dependent adult asthmatics were examined. The study consisted of two groups; 20 patients on 800 micrograms and another 20 patients on 400 micrograms. In addition, 800 micrograms was administered to an additional 12 patients receiving 400 micrograms with insufficient effects. After two weeks of observation period, BD was administered for 12 weeks, and its effects adverse reactions were analyzed on the basis of asthma patients' diary etc. As the results, effects appeared earlier in the 800 micrograms group than in the 400 micrograms group and marked efficacy was seen. The 800 micrograms group was much better than the 400 micrograms group in the achievement of weaning from or of dose reduction of systemic steroid. A significant increase of serum cortisol levels which was considered to be due to the decrease of the systemic steroid usage was noted. Considerable efficacy was also observed in patients whose dosage had been increased from 400 micrograms to 800 micrograms. High dose administration usually increases topical side effects such as hoarseness and stomatitis, however the use of spacers was effective in the prophylaxis and treatment of those symptoms.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1989

The effect of dietary autoxidized oils on immunocompetent cells in mice.

Effects of dietary autoxidized oil on immunocompetent cells, such as splenocytes and thymocytes, were studied in mice. When the autoxidized methyl linoleate was administered orally to male C57BL/6 mice in a single dose, the DNA synthesis of thymocytes was remarkably depressed 1 day after the treatment, and then the mitogenic response to concanavalin A of splenocytes was increased 3 days after the dose. With long-term (90 days) feeding of slightly autoxidized soybean oil (with a peroxide value of 150 mequiv/kg) in mice, the DNA synthesis of thymocytes was depressed and the mitogenic response to concanavalin A of splenocytes was increased. No effect was observed on plasma glutamic acid-oxaloacetic acid transaminase and glutamic acid-pyruvic acid transaminase levels, nor on liver thiobarbituric acid reactants due to the dose of autoxidized soybean oil. These findings indicate that oral intake of autoxidized oil affects immunocompetent cells and causes depression of the DNA synthesis of thymocytes in mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Membrane oxidative metabolism of human eosinophilic cell line EoL-1 in response to phorbol diester and formyl peptide: synergistic augmentation by interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor.

Human eosinophilic cell line EoL-1 was studied using luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) for the ability to produce a respiratory burst upon stimulation with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMLP). TPA, a potent activator of protein kinase C, induced a biphasic CL response in EoL-1. Treatment of EoL-1 with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) for 5 days dramatically enhanced TPA-inducible CL, and IFN-alpha A had a similar effect. Neither IFN-gamma nor IFN-alpha A strongly inhibited EoL-1 cell growth. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) also enhanced TPA-inducible CL response of EoL-1 and, furthermore, was quite inhibitory to EoL-1 cell growth. The effects of IFN-gamma and TNF were synergistic, whereas those of IFN-alpha A and TNF were additive. Superoxide dismutase completely abrogated TPA-induced CL, but sodium azide suppressed only the late phase of CL. EoL-1 pretreated with IFN-gamma, IFN-alpha A, or TNF also became capable of producing CL response to a chemotactic peptide (fMLP). The effects of IFN-gamma and TNF were again synergistic. EoL-1 cells treated with IFN-gamma, IFN-alpha A, or TNF had abundant cytoplasm, but only TNF increased cells having distinct eosinophilic granules. IFN-gamma but not IFN-alpha A enhanced the cytological effect of TNF. It was further demonstrated that treatment of EoL-1 with IFN-gamma and TNF strongly increased the binding sites for phorbol diesters and also dramatically induced the surface expression of fMLP receptors. IFN-gamma had, however, little effect on the number or the ligand-binding affinity of TNF receptors on EoL-1. Thus, EoL-1 may provide a useful experimental model for the study of differentiation and regulation of human eosinophils.

Azides↗
PubMed1989

Adrenal myelolipoma discovered incidentally on abdominal CT and MR imaging.

This report describes an adrenal myelolipoma occurring in a 39-year-old man first noted incidentally by computed tomography (CT). The radiographic findings of this neoplasm are briefly discussed and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of myelolipoma is also described. Myelolipomas can be distinguished from nonfunctioning adenomas by differences in signal intensity on T2-weighted images.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

Suppressive effect of 1-methyladenosine on the generation of chemiluminescence by mouse peritoneal macrophages stimulated with opsonized zymosan.

The preparation of an in vitro assay system for the immunosuppressive activities of modified nucleosides on macrophage (M phi) functions is described. Briefly, Listeria-elicited mouse peritoneal M phi s (Lm-M phi s) were treated with nucleosides in vitro for 18 hr at less than 1 mM concentration and chemiluminescence (CL) was measured after stimulation with opsonized zymosan. To confirm the usefulness of this assay (in vitro test), the immunosuppressive activities of 1-methyladenosine (m1 Ado) and adenosine (Ado) were determined by mouse Listeria infection (in vivo test), CL generation by M phi s obtained from the peritoneal cavity of nucleoside-treated mice (in vivo-in vitro test), and the in vitro test. The immunosuppressive activity of m1 Ado detected by the in vitro test was confirmed by the in vivo and the in vivo-in vitro tests. As for Ado, no immunosuppression was detected by the in vivo and the in vivo-in vitro tests through a potent suppressive effect was detected by the in vitro test. The ineffectiveness of Ado can be explained by the in vivo conversion of Ado to an inactive form. Thus, the proposed in vitro test seems to be useful, with the provision that the known in vivo metabolism is taken into consideration.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1989

Sensitive detection of two IgG Fc receptors of mouse macrophages by chemiluminescence analysis.

Luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence assay was used to detect the surface expression and the consequent activation of receptors (FcRI and FcRII) of murine macrophages (M phi s). When murine IgG2a was used for the specific detection of FcRI and IgG2b for FcRII, a newly established procedure enabled us to detect the activation of each receptor with as few as 3 X 10(5) M phi s. Briefly, TNP-SRBC coated with monoclonal IgG2a or IgG2b antibodies directed to TNP (sensitized SRBC) were used as reagent, in the presence of 1 X 10(-5) M luminol, and the emission was measured with a liquid scintillation counter. When results obtained by chemiluminescence counting were compared to the results obtained by the rosette formation by adding the same SRBC reagent to peritoneal M phi s obtained after ip injection of Listeria, fortified chemiluminescence counting allowed us to obtain a more definite answer about the activation of each receptor. Under the conditions established, the specific activation of FcRI was obtained by the addition of rIFN alpha A/D to the resident M phi s in vitro and the specific activation of spleen M phi FcRII by iv injection of IAP (Immunosuppressive acidic protein) into mice. These two results supported the independence of the two receptors detected by the assay.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Serum thyrotropin concentrations in patients with Sheehan's syndrome: reevaluation of the usefulness in the diagnosis].

Serum concentrations of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were determined, using a highly sensitive immunoradiometric assay (IRMA), in 10 patients with Sheehan's syndrome. Serum TSH levels in these patients were from 2.3 to 9.0 microU/ml, with the mean of 6.4 +/- 2.3(SD) microU/ml, and the data were similar to those measured by a conventional RIA method. The levels of serum TSH in these patients were normal or even higher than those of healthy women (1.8 +/- 1.3 microU/ml). After supplement therapy by cortisol, serum TSH levels decreased, but remained within the detectable range that was greater than 0.15 microU/ml. After supplement therapy by 1-thyroxine (T4), serum TSH levels moderately decreased in all patients, and excessive 1-T4 administration resulted in a fall of serum TSH levels to lower than the detectable limit. Thyroidal 123 I uptake was low in 3 out of 6 patients examined, which supports a recent hypothesis of reduced biological activity of the patient's TSH. While, the remaining 3 patients had normal thyroidal 123 I uptake, and administration of perchlorate had no effects on thyroidal radioactivity. Thus, it may be possible that in the former group of patients the TSH has a reduced biological activity, and in the latter group of patients, iodine trapping is intact but further synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormone from the gland are impaired. When the response of serum TSH to TRH was examined, the peak serum TSH levels increased in all patients. The peak TSH levels were 4.8 to 10.2 microU/ml with the mean of 7.5 microU/ml, but the data overlapped with those of normal subjects (peak level ranging 5.9 approximately 27.7 microU/ml).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗