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Biomedical subjects

T M Hayes

Publications and source records attributed to T M Hayes.

69 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1973

Hyperlipidaemia in asthmatic patients receiving long-term steroid therapy.

Plasma lipids were measured in 100 female asthmatic patients receiving long-term steroid therapy. A significant increase in the incidence of endogenous hypertriglyceridaemia but not of hypercholesterolaemia was found. The hypertriglyceridaemia was not due to obesity or diabetes. Neither the dose of steroid, duration of therapy, nor the addition of corticotrophin gel or depot tetracosactrin influenced the prevalence of hypertriglyceridaemia.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Human, porcine and bovine ultralente insulin: subcutaneous administration in normal man.

Six normal subjects received subcutaneous human, porcine, and bovine ultralente insulin (0.30 U/kg) and diluent (control) in randomized order. Plasma glucose, C-peptide, and insulin were measured for 32 h after injection. From 10 h onward human ultralente produced significantly lower plasma glucose levels (p less than 0.05-0.01) compared to bovine ultralente. Porcine ultralente produced an intermediate hypoglycaemic response up to 16 h and was similar to the bovine insulin from 24-32 h. Estimated exogenous insulin concentration was higher (p less than 0.05-0.001) following human ultralente compared to bovine ultralente between 2 and 22 h after injection. Up to 24 h the porcine preparation led to intermediate insulin levels, but becoming identical to bovine ultralente from 28-32 h. Peak mean exogenous insulin values for human, porcine, and bovine ultralente were 0.054, 0.044, and 0.023 nmol/l at 14, 16, and 18 h, respectively, reaching 0.022, 0.013, and 0.013 nmol/l at 32 h. The different pharmacokinetic behaviour of human and bovine ultralente insulin must be considered when initiating treatment with human ultralente or transferring patients from bovine to human ultralente.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assessment of diabetic control: a comparison between home and clinic blood glucose levels.

A comparison between blood glucose levels in patients attending a diabetes clinic and in the same patients leading their normal lives showed that for maturity-onset diabetic patients on oral hypoglycemic therapy, the clinic levels were a poor guide to the patients' usual blood glucose. For insulin-treated patients and for those treated with diet alone, the clinic levels were not significantly different from those taken at home or work.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dawn phenomenon: its frequency in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients on conventional therapy.

The frequency of the dawn phenomenon has been studied in non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) patients while they continued with their conventional therapy. Plasma glucose (PG) and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) were estimated hourly from 0300 to 0900 h in 19 NIDDM patients; 9 patients were treated by diet alone (group 1), and 10 patients were treated by diet and oral hypoglycemic agents (group 2). The dawn rise of plasma glucose was demonstrated in 17 (89.5%) of the 19 patients with mean +/- SE plasma glucose at 0300 h of 7.0 +/- 0.5 mM and at 0800 h of 8.4 +/- 0.6 (P less than .01). IRI in all patients rose from 14.7 +/- 1.3 microU/ml at 0500 h to 18.1 +/- 1.8 microU/ml at 0700 h (P less than .05). The changes in IRI levels at any time from 0300 to 0800 h in groups 1 and 2 when considered separately were insignificant. Thus, the dawn phenomenon occurs commonly in NIDDM patients taking their conventional therapy.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Normo-osmolar, nonketotic, hyponatremic diabetic syndrome associated with impaired renal function.

A case is reported of a nonketotic woman with diabetes who presented with a blood glucose of 72.8 mmol/L (1310 mg/dl), plasma sodium of 92 mmol/L, normal osmolality, impaired renal function, and alert clinical state. Before the implication of the unusual nature of the metabolic disturbance was fully considered, the initial treatment was with a rapid infusion of saline. On consideration, however, it was postulated that as her hyperglycemia had developed, the expected osmotic diuresis was prevented by the impairment of her renal function. This had allowed compensatory hyponatremia to develop to maintain normal osmolality and protect the patient from coma. The high-dose saline infusion was stopped, and she was successfully treated with insulin and potassium but only minimal saline. The use of large quantities of saline in normo-osmolar, nonketotic, hyponatremic diabetic syndrome associated with impaired renal function and alert mental state is unnecessary and potentially dangerous.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Glycosylated serum albumin: an intermediate index of diabetic control.

Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1) is widely used as an index of glycemic control in diabetic patients. However, due to the long survival time of erythrocytes (120 days), it remains elevated for several weeks after improved control. Other plasma proteins are similarly glycosylated, and as glycosylated serum albumin (GSA) has a shorter half-life (20 days), it should detect glycemic changes earlier. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), GSA, and HbA1 were measured weekly in newly diagnosed diabetic patients (N = 12) for 8 wk after beginning treatment. After 4 wk, a similar fall in FBG and GSA levels, i.e., 72% and 58% respectively, was observed. In contrast, HbA1 fell significantly less (P less than 0.01), by only 39% of its initial value. By 8 wk there was no significant difference between the percentage reduction in the three indices of control. Therefore, GSA provides the clinician with earlier objective evidence of the metabolic response to therapeutic intervention and can be regarded as an intermediate index of diabetic control.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Obesity is associated with increased post-prandial GIP levels which are not reduced by dietary restriction and weight loss.

Obesity is characterised by fasting and post-prandial hyperinsulinaemia. One factor which may contribute to this is overactivity of the enteroinsular axis. Glucose tolerance, beta-cell response and GIP profiles were therefore compared during oral glucose (OGTT), mixed meal (MTT) and intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTT) in both lean (IBW less than 120%) and obese (IBW greater than 120%) healthy subjects. The tests were repeated in the obese group after a period of dietary restriction and weight loss. Fasting GIP concentrations were similar, but postprandial levels were significantly greater in the obese subjects during both the OGTT and MTT. Glucose profiles were similar but associated with basal and stimulated hyperinsulinaemia in the obese subjects indicating insulin resistance. GIP levels did not change during the IVGTT and were similar in the two groups throughout the test. Following diet and weight-reduction there was a significant decrease in both fasting and post-prandial insulin levels in the obese subjects but there were no significant changes in glucose or GIP concentrations. In conclusion the endogenously stimulated plasma GIP response is exaggerated in obese healthy subjects but this increased response is not decreased by short term diet and weight loss. The increased GIP concentrations may contribute the observed hyperinsulinaemia in obesity, but its contribution is likely to be small in view of the decrease in insulin concentrations following diet and weight-loss which was independent of any change in GIP.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The clinical pharmacology of human insulin (Novo) in normal subjects.

Neutral regular human insulin (Novo) (derived from porcine insulin) and porcine insulin were administered by subcutaneous (s.c.) injection into the anterior abdominal wall in two different groups of six normal male subjects. The insulin dosage was 0.075 IU/kg body wt; diluting medium was used to obtain control values. In one group, somatostatin was administered by continuous intravenous infusion (100 micrograms/h) to inhibit pancreatic beta-cell secretion. The plasma glucose, C-peptide, and insulin (immunoreactive) responses to human insulin and porcine insulin were identical in the studies with and without somatostatin. Although the incremental plasma insulin values achieved with the two insulins were similar in the two studies, the hypoglycemic effect was accentuated in the presence of somatostatin, with a delayed recovery toward normoglycemia. The human insulin and porcine insulin were well tolerated in all subjects and there were no unwanted side effects.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The Commonwealth doctor of medicine: a degree of uncertainty.

The degree of doctor of medicine (MD) is awarded by many universities in the British Commonwealth as a senior, postgraduate, research thesis-based degree. Some of its features are that it is limited to medical graduates of the same university, but that the research on which the thesis is based need not be conducted at the university awarding the degree and that there is no requirement for formal supervision of candidates. These characteristics, and its close similarities with the master of surgery (ChM) degree, may be responsible for the confusion that exists about its quality and status in relation to the doctorate of philosophy (PhD) and the 'higher' doctorates like doctor of science (DSc). There is also uncertainty about its role in the training and selection of clinical consultants and physician scientists.

Australia↗