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Biomedical subjects

T M Gallagher

Publications and source records attributed to T M Gallagher.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Isoflurane does not reduce aortic peak flow velocity in children.

Haemodynamic effects of 1 MAC halothane, enflurane and isoflurane were studied in 15 healthy children using pulsed Doppler echo cardiography. Heart rate was significantly increased with isoflurane, but not with the other two agents. All three caused comparable decreases in arterial pressure. Cardiac output was increased with isoflurane, but remained unchanged with halothane and enflurane. Aortic peak flow velocity, a sensitive index of myocardial contractility, was decreased with halothane and enflurane, but not with isoflurane. These findings indicate that isoflurane causes less myocardial depression than halothane or enflurane in children.

Aorta↗
PubMed1986

Interactive play: the frequency of related verbal responses.

The potential relationship between interactive play and the frequency of related responding to comments was investigated within the dyadic interactions among a 4-year-old Specifically Language Impaired (SLI) boy and normal-language users. The normal-language users were of similar chronological age or language level to the SLI boy. The results indicated that the SLI boy's frequency of related responding was variable but consistently associated with the following: the ratio of other-directed partner turns in play; the frequency of a particular discourse pattern; and the frequency of shared reference across the discourse pattern. Unlike related responses of the SLI child, the frequencies of related responses of normal children were essentially stable. Implications of the differences are discussed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1985

Uptake of volatile anaesthetics in children.

The uptake of halothane is known to be more rapid in children than in adults, but comparable clinical data regarding other inhalational anaesthetics are not available. In this study, the rates of uptake of halothane, enflurane, isoflurane and methoxyflurane were compared in children of different ages. Expired (FE') and inspired (FI) vapour concentrations were measured with an infrared analyser, and FE'/FI ratios were used to determine rates of uptake. Uptake rates of halothane, enflurane and methoxyflurane were more rapid in the younger than in the older children, but age had no effect on the uptake of isoflurane which was uniformly rapid in all the children studied.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Pragmatic assessment: analysis of a highly frequent repeated utterance.

The present study examined the pragmatic role of a frequently repeated utterance, "it's gone," within the multiple context conversational interactions of a 4-year-old specifically language-impaired boy. The data indicate that the phrase was an interactive access strategy to engage his partners in a nonexistence/disappearance game, a frequent type of early mother-child interaction. The assessment and intervention implications of these data are discussed.

Child Language↗
PubMed1983

Autonomous replication and expression of RNA 1 from black beetle virus.

Black beetle virions contain two RNAs. The smaller one, RNA 2, has previously been shown to be a messenger for viral coat protein. It is shown here, by infecting sensitized Drosophila cells with the individually purified RNAs, that the larger one, RNA 1, carries the viral gene(s) required for RNA polymerase functions. RNA 2 was dispensible for synthesis of viral RNA 1 and subgenomic RNA 3 but was essential for synthesis of RNA 2 and virions. Cells infected with RNA 1 alone produced RNA 3 in proportions 10- to 20-fold greater than cells infected with virions. This overproduction of RNA 3 decreased with increasing proportions of RNA 2 in the infecting RNA 1. We conclude that RNA 1 is the previously unidentified progenitor of subgenomic RNA 3, whereas RNA 2 regulates the amount of RNA 3 produced in the infected cell.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1982

Gaze and proximity as turn regulators within three-party and two-party child conversations.

Gaze and proximity as nonverbal turn-taking behaviors were investigated within the three-party and two-party conversations of normal children. Subjects were six 4-year-old girls matched for familiarity. Alternations of 20-min three-party and 15-min two-party interactions were videotaped and transcribed. The data indicate that within nonsimultaneous language events, gaze and proximity relate to changes in speaker turn and conversational role, with gaze functioning as a current-speaker-selects-next-speaker turn option and proximity functioning as both a current-speaker-selects-next-speaker and a listener self-selection turn option. The data are discussed in terms of the sociocentric character of children's conversations.

Child Language↗
PubMed1981

Word-retrieval in aphasia: an investigation of semantic complexity.

Performance of aphasic subjects in adjective recognition and production tasks in which adjectives varied in semantic feature and markedness complexity was investigated. Twelve pairs of adjectives were examined in three experimental tasks; viz., picture recognition, antonym production, and sentence completion. Subjects were eight nonfluent and eight fluent aphasics. The results indicate significant differences in performance were dependent upon semantic features, markedness, experimental tasks, and type of aphasia. The discussion related semantic complexity to cognitive processes.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1979

The structural characteristics of monologues in the speech of normal children: syntactic nonconversational aspects.

The syntactic nonconversational features of monologue speech were investigated as a companion paper to Gallagher and Craig's (1978) study of the semantic and conversational aspects of monologues. The monologue-dialogue language samples collected by Gallagher and Craig from nine normal subjects, three at Brown's language stages I, II, and III, were analyzed syntactically. The original procedure consisted of the collection of a two-hour language sample from each child containing alternations of dialogue with the examiner and monologue produced during independent play. The results indicate that the syntactic categories that occurred in monologue speech were similar to those appearing in dialogue speech but the percentage frequencies differed. Monologue subsamples can be characterized syntactically as highly structured sequences of revision behavior reflecting a basic metalinguistic performative. The clinical implications of the naturally occurring analysis procedures observed are discussed.

Child Language↗
PubMed1978

Structural characteristics of monologues in the speech of normal children: semantic and conversational aspects.

Semantic and conversational aspects of monologues in the speech of normal children were investigated. Subjects were nine children, three each at Brown's language Stages I, II, and III. A two-hour language sample, containing alternations of dialogue with the examiner and monologue produced during independent play, was collected from each child. Results indicate that the semantic and conversational categories that occurred in monologue speech were similar to those that appeared in contextually matched dialogue speech but the proportional frequencies differed. Monoloque subsamples were generally short in length and had a sequencing pattern that was highly consistent and sematically organized. Results are discussed in terms of Piagetian cognitive theory and pragmatic language models.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1978

Conversational aspects of the speech of language-disordered children: revision behaviors.

Revision behaviors in the speech of language-disordered children were investigated. Subjects were 12 children, four at each of Brown's language States I, II, and III. During the taping of a one-hour spontaneous language sample from each child, one of the experimenters pretended 20 times not to understand and asked "What?". The relationship between the child's original utterance and his response to "What?" was analyzed. The results indicated a significantly greater use of revisions than repetitions or no responses at each stage and a pattern of revision behavior that was uniform across stages and qualitatively different from the previously reported patterns of normal children. The results are discussed in terms of the nature of languare disorder and its implications for pragmatic theories of language.

Child↗
PubMed1977

Wh-questions: responses by aphasic patients.

The syntactic relationship between wh-questions and their answers was investigated in the speech of aphasic subjects. The subjects were twenty-two aphasic patients whose mean age was 39.7 years and whose mean severity rating on the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination was 2.63. The data revealed significant differences in the frequency of correct response among types of wh-questions and a limited set of response strategies for incorrect answers. The results are discussed in terms of language theory with implications for language assessment and remediation.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Revision behaviors in the speech of normal children developing language.

Revision behaviors in the speech of normal children were investigated. The subjects were 18 children, six at Brown's Language Stages I, II, and III. During the collection of a one-hour spontaneous language sample from each child the experimenter pretended 20 times not to understand and asked, "What?" The results indicate a significnatly greater use of revisions than repetitions or no responses at each stage and significant differences among the types of revisions observed across stages. These findings are related to current language models.

Child, Preschool↗