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Biomedical subjects

T M Ernst

Publications and source records attributed to T M Ernst.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Cerebral toxoplasmosis and lymphoma in AIDS: perfusion MR imaging experience in 13 patients.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the perfusion magnetic resonance (MR) imaging characteristics of cerebral toxoplasmosis and lymphoma in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Perfusion MR imaging was performed prospectively in 13 patients with AIDS who had contrast material-enhancing focal brain lesions (six with active lymphoma, five with toxoplasmosis, one with treated lymphoma in remission, and one with toxoplasmosis plus lymphomatoid granulomatosis). Regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) was determined by using dynamic echo-planar MR imaging during bolus injection of a gadolinium chelate. RESULTS: The rCBV was decreased (44% +/- 24 [standard deviation] of rCBV in the contralateral regions) throughout the toxoplasmosis lesions and in the surrounding edema of both lesion types, whereas all active lymphomas displayed areas of increased rCBV (258% +/- 99). These differences were significant (P < .005). CONCLUSION: Reduced rCBV i toxoplasmosis lesions is probably due to a lack of vasculature within the abscess; increased rCBV in lymphomas is probably due to hypervascularity in foci of active tumor growth; and decreased rCBV in the edema is probably due to vasoconstriction associated with increased interstitial pressure. Perfusion MR imaging is a rapid, noninvasive tool that may allow differentiation between cerebral lymphoma and toxoplasmosis in patients with AIDS.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1996

Once daily mometasone furoate aqueous nasal spray is as effective as twice daily beclomethasone dipropionate for treating perennial allergic rhinitis patients.

BACKGROUND: Perennial allergic rhinitis is chronic and persistent, may lead to a constellation of secondary complaints including sinusitis, mouth-breathing, and some symptoms resembling a permanent cold, and often requires constant medical intervention. Well-tolerated nasal corticosteroids, alone or in combination with antihistamines, have been found to be very effective in treating this condition. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness and tolerability of mometasone furoate aqueous suspension, a new once daily nasal spray, to placebo vehicle and to beclomethasone dipropionate, administered twice daily, in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. METHODS: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, double-dummy, parallel group study, in 427 patients age 12 years and older at 24 centers in Canada and Europe. Patients allergic to at least one perennial allergen, confirmed by medical history, skin testing, and adequate symptomatology were eligible to receive one of the following regimens for 3 months: mometasone furoate, 200 micrograms only daily; beclomethasone dipropionate, 200 micrograms twice daily (400 micrograms total dose); or placebo vehicle control. The primary efficacy variable was the change from baseline in total AM plus PM diary nasal symptom score over the first 15 days of treatment. RESULTS: Three hundred eighty-seven patients were valid for efficacy. For the primary efficacy variable, mometasone furoate was significantly (P < or = .01) more effective than placebo and was indistinguishable from beclomethasone dipropionate. Similar trends were seen among individual symptoms, physician symptom evaluations, and therapeutic response. There was no evidence of tachyphylaxis. All treatments were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: Mometasone furoate nasal spray adequately controls symptoms of perennial allergic rhinitis, offers the advantage of once daily treatment, and is well tolerated.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1995

Localized in vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy and in vitro analyses of heterogeneous brain tumors.

Results of magnetic resonance spectroscopic (MRS) studies of the chemical patterns in brain tumors have been inconsistent. Actual biochemical correlations are needed. In 2 patients with heterogeneous intracranial tumors, in vivo 1H MRS and in vitro biochemical analyses were correlated. Histology confirmed the tumor heterogeneity. Choline was elevated in the cellular portion of both tumors but decreased in the necrotic or cystic portions. Creatine was diffusely decreased while lactate was elevated in all regions of both tumors. Furthermore, the increase in the choline peak on 1H MRS appeared to be due to increases in water-soluble choline compounds. This study illustrates the value of small localized voxels for differentiating regional chemical differences in tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Immunophenotyping and morphometry of inflammatory infiltrates in variants of basalioma].

The inflammatory infiltrate of 5 histologically different types of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) (n = 22) was characterized by means of the alkaline phosphatase monoclonal antialkaline phosphatase technique (APAAP). We proved a distinct stromal pattern of infiltration, which was focally accentuated; in some cases, the cells infiltrated the tumor itself. On phenotyping these cells, we found clear predominance of T cells (75%), which mostly consisted of T helper/inducer cells (45%) and suppressor/cytotoxic cells (32%); in addition, we found B cells (6%) as well as monocytes and macrophages (15%). Morphea-like and adenoid types of BCC showed some tendency to a less pronounced infiltration. Chronic exposure to sunlight and ulceration did not significantly influence the quality or quantity of the inflammatory infiltrate--except for polymorphonuclear leucocytes and macrophages.

Basal Cell Carcinoma↗
PubMed1986

[Macrophotographic correlates of the histology of precursor nevi and SSM in relation to the McGovern model].

Structures within pigmented skin tumors, which are beyond the dissolving powers of the eye, may be analysed in vivo by macroscopy using incident lighting. Benign melanocytic nevi have a symmetric and distinct horizontal pattern of pigmentation, whereas in melanoma, intraepidermal tumor growth may show coexistence of net- and/or cluster-like and non-structural forms of pigmentation.

Carcinoma in Situ↗
PubMed1986

[Multiple generalized glomus tumors. Morphologic and biochemical findings].

A 54 year-old woman developed approximately 150 generalized glomus tumors since she had been 23 years old. Painful tumors showed more glomus cells than those being not painful. Furthermore, the patient suffered from persisting congenital capillary hemangioma (strawberry mark). Histological examination revealed that glomus cells were located in the vessel walls. The large amount of Dopa found in the glomus tumor tissue supports the assumption that it may be innervated by adrenergic efferent nerves.

Cyclic AMP↗
PubMed1986

[Reaction of autogenous cortisol production in patients with extensive psoriasis vulgaris or atopic dermatitis following external administration of a 0.25% prednicarbate salve (W/O emulsion)].

Prednicarbate is a new potent corticoid without halogenic groups which has been developed for topical application. During one week's application of 0.25% prednicarbate ointment (W/O Emulsion) two times daily in an ordinary dose, there could not be proved any significant suppression of the basal production of plasma cortisol in patients suffering from extensive dermatoses (such as psoriasis vulgaris or atopic dermatitis). After the end of treatment, investigation on the reservoir within the adrenal cortex by means of ACTH short test showed sufficient stimulation capacity of the adrenal gland in all patients examined.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1984

Transcription of episomal papillomavirus DNA in human condylomata acuminata and Buschke-Löwenstein tumours.

Condylomata acuminata and Buschke-Löwenstein tumours were analysed for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) transcripts. HPV DNA and RNA sequences were present in all 13 samples investigated. Ten contained HPV6 and three harboured HPV11. The HPV genomes were found exclusively as extrachromosomal circular molecules. In six biopsy specimens, viral RNA transcripts were not detectable by Northern blot analysis but could be demonstrated in dot blots. From seven HPV6-containing samples it was possible to obtain sufficient amounts of undegraded mRNA. We have found consistently one major species (1.4 kb). Less prominent species of 1.7, 1.85, 2.7 and 3.2 kb, respectively, were also detected. The 3' ends of the HPV6 mRNAs were located between nucleotides 3917 and 4441 in the putative early region and between nucleotides 7232 and 7696 in the putative late region. The arrangement of the 3' termini and the adjacent coding areas within the HPV6 genome show that the RNA species are transcribed from one DNA strand.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1982

[Develop of localized pemphigoid following radiation treatment (author's transl)].

A case of localized bullous pemphigoid in a 79-year-old woman is reported. The symptoms developed 5 months following radiation treatment of breast cancer. Direct immunofluorescence investigations showed IgG and C3 deposition in the basement membrane zone (BMZ) of lesional skin. Serum BMZ antibodies (IgG, IgM) and C3 deposition were demonstrated. Light microscopic investigation revealed subepidermal blister formation. A cellular infiltrate consisted predominantly of lymphocytes and eosinophils in the upper dermis. Junctional blister formation, located within the lamina lucida of the basement membrane, was confirmed by electron microscopy. Differential diagnoses and various possible etiologies are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

[Dithranol-urea treatment of chronic psoriasis. A comparison of 0,1% dithranol + 17% urea with triamcinolone acetonite 0,1% and phototherapy (author's transl)].

The topical treatment of active chronic psoriasis can be achieved as effectively with 0,1% dithranol + 17% urea as with triamcinolone acetonite 0,1%. Compared with salicylic acid + dithranol preparations, the latter when combined with urea show a delayed clinical response, but less side effects. UVB in combination with the dithranol/urea preparation seems to be more efficient, without an increment of adverse effects. It would appear than an addition of urea offers an acceptable and effective alternative to salicylic acid.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Studies of cellular mediated immunity in malignant melanoma patients by Leukocyte Adherence Inhibition Test.

Sixteen malignant melanoma patients with different levels of tumor progression, two patients with melanoma in situ (Clark 10 two bronchogenic carcinoma patients and nine healthy controls were tested by means of the leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) test to assess the function of their cellular mediated immunity. Blood leukocytes were incubated with allogeneic melanoma-associated antigen obtained from potassium chloride extract of tumor cells. Fifteen malignant melanoma patients with clinical stage I-III (Clark level 2-5) showed positive LAI-reaction when leukocytes were tested with melanoma associated antigen. Leukocyte adherence inhibition was neither monitored in healthy controls, in patients with melanoma in situ, nor in those two patients with squamous and oat cell type bronchogenic carcinoma. Extracts prepared from normal skin showed no inhibitive effect on leukocyte adherence in malignant melanoma patients and controls. A decreased percentage of LAI was observed in malignant melanoma patients with disseminated disease due to an increased spontaneous leukocyte adherence in these patients. This increase in spontaneous leukocyte adherence was probably caused by non-specific activation of adherent cells (macrophages) as a result of the prolonged therapy and/or the progressive tumor levels in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Influence of dextran polymer particles (Sephadex G-200) on humoral immune responses.

Dextran polymer particles (Sephadex G-200) mixed with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) into mice and the number of antibody-forming cells in spleen and antibody titers in sera were determined. Antibody formation following the first and the booster immunization to BSA was enhanced to a similar degree by Sephadex G-200 and incomplete Freund's adjuvant. When SRBC were injected in a suboptimal dose of 5X10(6) cells, Sephadex G-200 enhanced the maximum of the primary immune response. In contrast, the polymer inhibited the primary and secondary immune response when 5X10(8) SRBC were given.

Animals↗