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Biomedical subjects

T M Craig

Publications and source records attributed to T M Craig.

87 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Controlled evaluation of ivermectin in Shetland ponies.

Ivermectin was injected IM into 12 yearling Shetland ponies. The following reactions in percentages of parasites recovered from ponies given 200 microgram/kg or 300 microgram/kg, as compared with the parasitic population in those given the vehicle at 1 week after injection, were as follows: Otobius megnini nymphs--no reduction; Gasterophilus intestinalis--100% and 99.9%; G nasalis--100% and 99.9%; Parascaris equorum adults--100% and 96%; Strongylus vulgaris adults--100% and 100%; S edentatus adults--100% and 100%; cyathostome adults of the genera Gyalocephalus, Cylicocyclus, Cyathostomum, Cylicostephanus, and Poteriostomum--99.9% and 100%; 4th-stage larvae--97.3% and 96.8%; Oesophagodontus robustus adults--100% and 100%; Triodontophorus spp--adults--100% and 100%, 4th-stage larvae--95.1% and 100%; and Oxyuris equi adult males--66.7% and 77.7%, adult females--96.5% and 100%, and 4th-stage larvae--94.1% and 96.9%. Other parasites encountered were too few in number to estimate drug efficacy.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Lagochilascaris major in a raccoon.

A granulomatous mesenteric mass containing numerous adult Lagochilascaris major was found in a raccoon near Houston, Texas. This is the first report of a Lagochilascaris in a species other than the opossum in North America.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Efficacy of albendazole and levamisole in sheep against Thysanosoma actinioides and Haemonchus contortus from the Edwards Plateau, Texas.

Lambs naturally infected with Thysanosoma actinioides and naturally and experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus were used in a controlled experiment to determine the anthelmintic activity of albendazole as compared with levamisole. The lambs were given 10,000 H contortus larvae 25 to 35 days before treatment, were slaughtered 7 to 9 days after treatment, and were housed on concrete from the time of treatment until slaughter. In lambs given doses of 7.5 mg or 3.8 mg of albendazole/kg or 7.5 mg of levamisole/kg, reductions in numbers of H contortus were 99%, 85%, and 98%, respectively. Reductions in numbers of T actinioides were 98%, 45%, and 0% respectively, as compared with untreated controls.

Albendazole↗
PubMed1979

Seasonal transmission of bovine gastrointestinal nematodes in the Texas Gulf Coast.

Sentinel calves were placed in pastures for 1 month in two environmentally dissimilar areas of the Texas Gulf Coast to determine the seasonal transmission of various gastrointestinal nematodes. Transmission was determined for Cooperia spp, Haemonchus placei, Ostertagia ostertagi, and Trichostrongylus axei. Large numbers of Cooperia spp were acquired from May through November, with the peak of transmission occurring in July and August. Haemonchus placei was encountered on both field sites but was transmitted in large numbers only at one site, during August. Ostertagia ostertagi was acquired primarily from November through May, with the peak of transmission occurring in January and February. January through March was the period when the greatest numbers of Ostertagia larvae undergoing arrested development were acquired. Trichostrongylus axei was abundance in December and January at one field site. In general, trends of transmission were the same in both areas, indicating that weather conditions were most important than vegetation type in larval transmission.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

A controlled evaluation of albendazole against natural infections with Fasciola hepatica and Fascioloides magna in cattle.

Albendazole administered to cattle at doses of 45, 35, 25, and 15 mg/kg of body weight reduced the number of viable Fasciola hepatica adults by 99.8%, 97.6%, 97.6%, and 95.7%, F hepatica immatures by 100%, 98.6%, 98.6% and 91.9% and Fascioloides magna by 96.5%, 99.1%, 94.0%, and 94.0%, respectively. Statistical evaluation by one-way analysis of variance, showed significant (P less than 0.05) differences in burdens of each fluke species between treated and untreated cattle, but differences in efficacy between any two of the four drug doses were not significant. Signs of toxicosis were not observed between the time of drug administration and slaughter 7 to 10 days later.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Hepatozoon canis infection in dogs: clinical, radiographic, and hematologic findings.

Hepatozoon canis gametocytes were identified in circulating neutrophils of 3 dogs from different parts of Texas. Clinical signs included intermittent fever, stiffness, and inappetence. The dogs had marked neutrophilic leukocytosis (35,000--51,000/mm3). Parasitemia varied from less than 1% to 60% of the circulating neutrophils. Two of the dogs had periosteal new born reaction on the vertebrae, ilia, ribs, and bones of the limbs proximal to the carpus and tarsus. There was no evidence that specific drug therapy was of value, although use of corticosteroids, aspirin, and antimicrobial agents was accompanied by clinical improvement.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Naturally occurring hepatozoonosis in a coyote.

Schizonts of Hepatozoon sp. were found in the myocardium of an adult cyote (Canis latrans) collected from the Aransas National Wildlife Refuge, Austwell, Texas. This constitutes the first time hepatozoonosis has been recorded in Canidae in the Western Hemisphere.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Evaluation of fenbendazole as an anthelmintic for gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle.

Calves naturally infected with Ostertagia, Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, and Cooperia were used in a controlled experiment to determine the anthelmintic efficacy of fenbendazole, methyl-5-(phenylthio)-2-benzimidazolecarbamate, and to compare this with the efficacy of levamisole. The calves were placed in dry lots for approximately 3 weeks, ensuring that immature Ostertagia larvae were in arrested development before the calves were treated. In calves given doses of 8 mg of levamisole/kg of body weight and 5 and 7.5 mg of fenbendazole/kg, reductions of adult Ostertagia were 95%, 99%, and 99% respectively. Reductions of developing Ostertagia L4 were 29%, 99%, and 100%; of arrested Ostertagia L4--5%, 24%, and 72%; of adult Haemonchus--97%, 100%, and 100%; of adult Trichostrongylus--97%, 99%, and 100%, and of adult Cooperia--100%, 100%, and 100%--as compared with data in untreated controls.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Evaluation of less than recommended dosages of levamisole phosphate for the treatment of gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle.

The anthelmintic activity of 3 dosages of injectable levamisole phosphate was evaluated in 84- to 145-kg calves from a herd of cattle with a history of heavy gastrointestinal nematode infections. Trichostrongylid egg counts in the calves varied from 450 to 700/g of feces. The anthelmintic was administered subcutaneously to 3 groups of 10 calves each, at the rate of 8 mg/kg of body weight (current manufacturer's recommendation), 6 mg/kg, and 4 mg/kg. A 4th group of 10 calves was utilized as untreated control calves. At necropsy, comparison of worm burdens between treated and untreated calves indicated apparent reductions (at 8 mg/kg, 6 mg/kg, and 4 mg/kg, respectively) for the various nematodes to be: Haemonchus placei adults-99.9, 100, and 98.3%; H placei L4-91.0, 94.0, 98.0%; O ostertagia late L4-93.8, 86.7, and 96.3%; Trichostrongylus axei adults-99.1, 100, and 100%; Cooperia spp adults-99.8, 99.5, and 99.5%; and Oesophagostomum radiatum adults-100, 100, and 100%. Statistical evaluation, by one-way analysis of variance, of the mean number of each species recovered showed significant (P less than 0.05) differences in the worm burdens between treated and untreated calves, but differences in efficacy between any 2 of the 3 drug dosages were not significant.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Isolation of a bovine Theileria.

Dual infections of Anaplasma marginale and a Theileria, resembling Theileria mutans, occurred in splenectomized calves inoculated with pooled blood samples from eastern Texas cattle. Theileria was obtained in pure form by treating dually infected cattle with selectively eliminated Anaplasma. These theileria infections were responsible for mild, transient reductions in packed red blood cell volume (PCV).

Anaplasmosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Elevated parathyroid hormone-related protein and hypercalcemia in two dogs with schistosomiasis.

Two adult dogs were evaluated for hypercalcemia. Diagnostic evaluation identified elevated parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and presumptive humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. At necropsy, schistosomiasis was diagnosed. North American schistosomiasis is caused by Heterobilharzia americana. Clinical findings may include dermatitis, coughing, diarrhea, and anorexia. Clinicopathological findings may include hypercalcemia, hyperglobulinemia, hypoalbuminemia, anemia, and eosinophilia. Diagnosis by fecal examination is difficult. Praziquantel or fenbendazole treatment may be curative or palliative. These are the first reported cases of hypercalcemia with elevated PTHrP in animals without diagnosed malignancy. Elevation of PTHrP has not been previously reported in hypercalcemic humans or in animals with granulomatous inflammation.

Animals↗