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Biomedical subjects

T M Craig

Publications and source records attributed to T M Craig.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Liver fluke infections of cattle in Mali. An abattoir survey on prevalence and geographic distribution.

Six hundred and ninety two cattle, slaughtered in various abattoirs in Mali between August 1983 and November 1984 were examined for evidence of Fasciola gigantica and Dicrocoelium hospes infections. A great variation in geographic prevalence was observed. Sufficient knowledge was acquired to demonstrate both the importance of fascioliasis in some areas and also the high prevalence of D. hospes in other areas. We suggest that the difference in prevalence from one geographic area to another is influenced by local climatic conditions, presence or absence of rivers and lakes, and differences in livestock management practices by various ethnic groups.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Comparison of Various Staining Procedures in the Identification of Hepatozoon canis Gamonts.

The staining characteristics of gamonts of Hepatozoon canis in peripheral blood smears were evaluated. Three stains, Diff-Quik stain, Giemsa stain and a modification of the naphthol-ASD-chloroacetate esterase stain, were compared. The staining characteristics of the infected cell and the parasite were different in each stain used. The modified naphthol-ASD-chloroacetate esterase stain showed the most difference between the infected and noninfected cells, as well as a difference in staining characteristics of the parasite nucleus from those of the host nucleus. Although the parasite was identified with all stains, a definitive diagnosis was more easily obtained with the naphthol-ASD-chloroacetate esterase stain.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1988

Impact of internal parasites on beef cattle.

Internal parasitism is a pervasive constant that reduces returns in beef cattle production. Parasitism may influence production sufficiently so that data derived investigating performance response will be erroneous. The interaction of internal parasites of cattle with other facets of their lives makes it imperative that more parasite research be done on cattle to consider their impact. Results of trials designed to determine forage production at various stocking densities may not reflect the nutritive value of the forage, but instead the severity of parasite exposure. Relative resistance or susceptibility to certain parasites vary with the breed of livestock and the species of parasite. Extensive work to evaluate the ability of various breeds and sires to influence parasitic numbers has been conducted in sheep but not in cattle. Some parasite trials have ignored the effects of nutrition on the establishment and retention of parasites. This becomes especially important where multiple parasite exposure may occur. Susceptible cattle, even on an optimal diet, will become parasitized, but if reexposed to the same species of parasite, cattle on an optimal diet may be able to resist reinfection, whereas those on deficient diets will not.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Hepatozoon sp. in wild carnivores in Texas.

Twelve coyotes (Canis latrans), three bobcats (Lynx rufus) and six ocelots (Felis pardalis) from the Gulf Coast of Texas were infected with Hepatozoon sp. The geographic distribution of infected wild animals coincides with the highest prevalence of Hepatozoon canis infection in domestic dogs for which the wild species may act as a reservoir.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Hepatozoon canis in a dog with oral pyogranulomas and neurologic disease.

A ten-month-old Cocker Spaniel presented for fever, difficulty walking, and oral lesions. Muscle pain, bloody diarrhea, respiratory disease and central nervous system inflammation were found while the animal was hospitalized. Merozoites of Hepatozoon canis were discovered in association with pyogranulomas in a muscle biopsy. No other etiologic agent for the clinical signs was identified.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Use of the sustained-release morantel bolus in stocker calves in southern United States.

Two groups of 21 mixed-breed heifers were wintered on separate permanent pastures. Each heifer from one group was administered a sustained-release morantel bolus on October 7 (day 0), and the other group remained as untreated controls. Body weights were determined and fecal samples were taken at 28-day intervals. At the onset of the trail and at every 56 days, 6 heifers were removed from each group for slaughter to determine the developmental stages and the number of gastrointestinal nematodes. In addition, 3 tracer calves that were free of gastrointestinal nematodes were released on each pasture for 28 days at the beginning of the trail and after the last experimental-group calves had been removed. The 6 calves slaughtered on day 0 of the trail had a mean of 5,544 gastrointestinal nematodes. Tracer calves released on day 0 and removed on day 28 of the trial acquired 31,143 and 30,530 gastrointestinal nematodes from the pastures containing the treated and control heifers, respectively. Throughout the trial, the number of nematodes in the control calves increased at each sampling date (mean, 126,168 worms), whereas the mean number of worms in the treated heifers was 45,458. Tracer calves placed in the pastures after the 168-day trail acquired significantly more worms (9,632 vs 2,899; P less than 0.05) from grazing the pastures with control heifers than from grazing the pastures with treated heifers. Counts of eggs per gram of feces were significantly different (P less than 0.01) between the 2 groups from day 28 through day 112.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Epidemiology and control of parasites in warm climates.

The kind of parasites a horse acquires depends upon its environment. Because patterns of transmission vary greatly with climate and management, no one worming program has universal applications. This article discusses epidemiology and control of equine parasites in the southern United States, where climates vary from warm temperate to subtropical and from humid in the southeast to arid in the southwest.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Dermal leishmaniasis in a Texas cat.

Leishmaniasis was diagnosed by demonstrating amastigotes of Leishmania from dermal lesions on the ear of a male long-haired domestic cat from Uvalde, Texas. Leishmania from the cat were propagated in Syrian hamsters, bovine macrophages, and in NNN medium. The organism, in the L. mexicana complex, is apparently the same as that reported from recent human cases in the same area.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Serological prevalence of bovine babesiosis in Mali.

A serological survey of cattle in Mali was carried out to determine the prevalence of antibody activity to Babesia bovis and B. bigemina. It was found that the level of B. bovis infection as indicated by antibody activities was too low to be of immediate concern. However, the serological prevalence of B. bigemina was high and this may indicate a potential disease problem. It was also found that when zebu and N'Dama cattle grazed together the N'Dama were twice as likely to have positive titres to Babesia as were the zebus.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

Maintaining zebu Maure cattle in a tsetse infested area of Mali.

A study was initiated to evaluate two trypanocidal drugs, the prophylactic isometamidium chloride (Trypamidium) and the curative diminazene aceturate (Berenil) as to their potential for long-term maintenance of zebu cattle in a tsetse infested area of Mali. Trypamidium was administered quarterly and Berenil was administered only as animals were found to be positive for trypanosomes. During the 21-month study trypanosomiasis was the most frequently encountered disease in the cattle in the Berenil treatment group with an average of 5.5 reinfections. The predominant trypanosome species encountered was Trypanosoma vivax and the most important vector was Glossina palpalis gambiensis. The results indicate that, even though the direct costs for drugs under the two maintenance regimens were almost identical, the use of Trypamidium resulted in a significantly greater annual weight gain, prevented death loss due to trypanosomiasis and resulted in a herd with a greater market value.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Increased activity of bovine ADCC effector cells during acute Babesia bovis infection.

Mononuclear effector cells from the peripheral blood of Babesia bovis-infected cattle responded during initial infection and destroyed Fc-bearing target cells. The activity of these cells was measured in an antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) assay utilizing chicken erythrocytes coated with bovine anti-chicken erythrocyte antibody as targets. The activity of these effector cells was enhanced during the parasitemic crisis and returned to normal levels of activity following the resolution of parasitemia. This suggests that ADCC mechanisms may be involved in resolution of infection of cattle with B. bovis.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Experimental transmission of the Texas strain of Hepatozoon canis.

Nine dogs were fed Hepatozoon canis-exposed Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks; 6 showed clinical signs suggestive of canine hepatozoonosis, and the parasite was found in sections of muscle tissue from 2 of the dogs. Schizont-like cysts were found in the skeletal muscle of both infected dogs as were gametocytes in the circulating leucocytes. Periosteal new-bone lesions were seen in 1 dog. Attempts to infect a raccoon, 3 cats, 6 laboratory mice, and tick- or canine-cells in vitro, failed.

Animals↗