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T Luostarinen

Publications and source records attributed to T Luostarinen.

36 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Prospective seroepidemiologic study of human papillomavirus infection as a risk factor for invasive cervical cancer.

BACKGROUND: Major risk factors for invasive cervical cancer include infection with human papillomavirus (HPV), infection with other sexually transmitted pathogens (e.g., Chlamydia trachomatis), and smoking. Since exposures to these risk factors can be related, the contribution of any single factor to cervical carcinogenesis has been difficult to assess. We conducted a prospective study to define the role of HPV infection in cervical carcinogenesis, with invasive cancer as an end point. METHODS: A nested case-control study within a joint cohort of 700,000 Nordic subjects was performed. The 182 women who developed invasive cervical cancer during a mean follow-up of 5 years were matched with 538 control women on the basis of age and time of enrollment. Serum samples taken at enrollment were analyzed for evidence of tobacco use (i.e., cotinine levels); for antibodies against HPV types 16, 18, and 33; and for antibodies against C. trachomatis. Relative risks (RRs) were estimated by use of conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Presence of antibodies against HPV in serum (seropositivity) was associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer, and adjustment for smoking and for C. trachomatis seropositivity did not affect this finding (RR = 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.6-3.7). HPV16 seropositivity was associated primarily with an increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma (RR = 3.2; 95% CI = 1.7-6.2). In contrast, risk associated with HPV18 seropositivity tended to be higher for cervical adenocarcinoma (RR = 3.4; 95% CI = 0.8-14.9). In populations with a low prevalence of antibodies against C. trachomatis, the HPV16-associated risk of cervical cancer was very high (RR = 11.8; 95% CI = 3.7-37.0); in contrast, in populations with a high prevalence of antibodies against C. trachomatis, no excess risk was found. CONCLUSION: Past infection with HPV16 increases the risk of invasive cervical squamous cell carcinoma, most clearly seen in populations with a low prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1996

Serologically diagnosed infection with human papillomavirus type 16 and risk for subsequent development of cervical carcinoma: nested case-control study.

OBJECTIVE: To study human papillomavirus type 16 in the aetiology of cervical carcinoma. DESIGN: Within a cohort of 18814 Finnish women followed up to 23 years a nested case-control study was conducted based on serological diagnosis of past infection with human papillomavirus type 16. SUBJECTS: 72 women (27 with invasive carcinoma and 45 with in situ carcinoma) and 143 matched controls were identified during the follow up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Relative risk of cervical carcinoma in presence of IgG antibodies to human papillomavirus type 16. RESULTS: After adjustment for smoking and for antibodies to various other agents of sexually transmitted disease, such as herpes simplex virus type 2 and Chlamydia trachomatis, the only significant association was with infection with human papillomavirus type 16 (odds ratio 12.5; 95% confidence interval 2.7 to 57, 2P<0.001). CONCLUSION: This prospective study provides epidemiological evidence that infection with human papillomavirus type 16 confers an excess risk for subsequent development of cervical carcinoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Serum p53 accumulation and altered antibody responses to Epstein-Barr virus proteins precede diagnosis of haemopoietic malignancies of lymphoid origin.

We analysed antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigens (EBNAs 1, 2, 5 and 6) and the presence of serum p53 in 100 individuals, 37 of whom has developed a haemopoietic malignancy during a 12-year follow-up of 39,000 Finnish adults. Serum p53 was detectable in six of the 63 (10%) matched controls and in 13/31 (42%) patients who developed a malignancy of lymphoid origin approximately 7 years after serum withdrawal. Six patients who developed a malignancy of myeloid origin were negative for p53. The presence of p53 alone was associated with a highly significant increased risk of lymphoid malignancies (relative risk (RR)p53 = 6.7, 95% confidence limits (CL) 1.9, 24) whereas high levels of antibody to EBNA2 seemed to be inversely related to the risk (RREBNA2 = 0.1, CL 0.0, 1.1). Among lymphoid malignancies, a combination of serum p53 and high EBNA1 antibody levels gave a greater than expected risk (RRp53 and EBNA1 = 14, CL 1.4, 130; RRexpected = 4.4), whereas interaction with high levels of EBNA5 antibody gave an expected risk (RRp53 and EBNA5 = 19, CL 1.7, 220; RRexpected = 17). Thus detectable levels of p53 appear early in the development of lymphoid malignancies, and high EBNA1 antibody levels, and accumulated p53 may both be synergistic risk indicators for lymphoid malignancies, whereas high EBNA5 antibody levels and accumulation of p53 seem to raise the RR independently of each other.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Detailed tomography of periapical and periodontal lesions. Diagnostic accuracy compared with periapical radiography.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of detailed tomography using the Scanora system with that of conventional periapical radiography for detecting periapical and periodontal lesions. METHODS: We selected for comparison 243 periapical and 322 periodontal sites in 177 patients. Five observers independently assessed radiographs for the presence or absence of the following lesions: periapical bone changes, widening of apical and marginal ligament space, crestal erosion, vertical bone loss, furcation involvement and calculus. RESULTS: ROC analysis demonstrated no significant differences in the overall interpretation of either disease. Periapical radiography was superior (p < 0.05) to tomography for the detection of calculus. The sensitivity of tomography for periapical pathology was 87%, and 70% for periapical radiography. Sensitivities for periodontal diseases were 84% and 77%. Specificities were 81%, 90%, 77% and 79%, respectively. Differences for sensitivity and specificity were significant (p < 0.05) in relation to periapical pathology. The energy imparted during tomography was 0.92 mJ. CONCLUSION: Detailed tomography and periapical radiography performed equally well for the overall diagnosis of periapical and periodontal lesions. Tomograms differed substantially from periapical radiographs in both sensitivity and specificity for detecting periapical lesions in posterior regions. The energy imparted during detailed tomography is similar to that from two D-speed films.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Cancer risk following a community-based programme to prevent cardiovascular diseases.

BACKGROUND: The North Karelia project, a community-based programme for prevention of cardiovascular diseases in North Karelia in 1972-1977, was successful in reducing some major cardiovascular risk factors. It was studied whether changes in the incidence of smoking- or diet-related cancers in North Karelia were different from those in a reference area without a programme. METHODS: Poisson age-period-cohort-county regression models were fitted to each cancer-sex combination. Specially designed variables were added to the best models to detect any post-programme changes in the incidence trend in North Karelia. RESULTS: After having been consistently higher, the incidence of lung cancer among males in North Karelia decreased below that of the reference county during 1987-1991. The programme-related risk ratio in 1987-1991 indicated a significant 20% beneficial effect. The trend in stomach cancer among males was more favourable in the reference county than in North Karelia. CONCLUSION: The quicker reduction in smoking may have caused the more favourable trend of lung cancer among North Karelian males than males in the reference county.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

A comparison of detailed zonography with periapical radiography for the detection of periapical lesions.

The diagnostic accuracy of detailed zonography using the Scanora multimodal X-ray system was compared with that of periapical radiography. The study was based on the detection of periapical bone lesions at 259 dental sites distributed evenly throughout the dentitions of 164 patients. Each site was examined by periapical radiography and zonography, in parallel. The zonograms consisted of four detailed images that could also be read as stereopairs, in either the horizontal or vertical direction. Five observers evaluated the sites for the presence or absence of periapical osteolysis or sclerosis and apical widening of the periodontal ligament space for the whole dentition, and for three dental regions. ROC analysis revealed no significant overall or regional differences between the diagnostic accuracies of the periapical and zonographic techniques, regardless of whether the zonograms were read as sets of four images (multiview) or stereoscopic images. The sensitivity of periapical radiography was 72%, that of multiview zonography 88%, and that of stereoscopic zonography 85%. Specificities were 93%, 84% and 89%, respectively. The energy imparted during detailed zonography was 0.98 mJ. It is concluded that zonography is as good as periapical radiography for the detection of periapical pathology.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Radiographic detectability of periodontal diseases. A comparison of perapical radiography with detailed zonography.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of conventional periapical radiography with detailed zonography using the Scanora system for the detection of periodontal disease. METHODS: We selected for comparison 311 periodontal sites in 165 patients. Five observers independently assessed the periapical radiographs and detailed zonograms for marginal widening of periodontal ligament space, crestal erosion, vertical bone loss, furcation involvement and calculus. RESULTS: ROC analysis revealed no significant differences between the two imaging techniques for either overall or lesion-specific interpretation of periodontal pathology. The sensitivity of periapical radiography was 79%, and of detailed zonography 91% (multiview) and 89% (stereoscopic). Specificities were 82%, 77% and 83%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Detailed zonography performs as well as periapical radiography in the detection of periodontal disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Statistical modelling and prediction of lung cancer mortality in the Czech and Slovak Republics, 1960-1999.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to analyse the pattern of lung cancer mortality from 1960 to 1989 and to predict lung cancer mortality for 1990-1999 for males and females aged > or = 30 years in the Czech and Slovak Republics. METHOD: The mortality pattern of lung cancer was examined and predicted using republic-age-period-cohort models. RESULTS: Trends in lung cancer mortality were upward for both sexes over the study period. In the early 1960s, lung cancer mortality in Slovak males was much lower than that in Czech males, but since the late 1960s lung cancer mortality in males increased more rapidly in Slovakia than in the Czech Republic. It was predicted that mortality due to lung cancer in Slovak males would exceed that in Czech males during the last 5 years of the 20th century. Slovak female lung cancer mortality was lower than that for Czech females throughout the study period, and the trends in both republics were similar.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Comparison of periapical and detailed narrow-beam radiography for diagnosis of periodontal pathology.

The diagnostic performance of the detailed narrow-beam (DNB) technique of the Scanora multimodal X-ray system was compared with periapical radiography for detecting periodontal pathology. In total, 253 sites in 133 patients were examined. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) of both imaging modalities were analyzed in relation to the ratings of five observers for the whole dentition, three dental regions and five types of periodontal lesion. ROC analysis demonstrated that the overall diagnostic performance of DNB radiography was better (P < 0.05) than that of periapical radiography. DNB radiography was significantly superior (P < 0.01) for detecting marginal widening of periodontal membrane space, but there was no significant difference between the two techniques for crestal erosion, vertical bone loss, furcation involvement or calculus. The regional differences found in overall diagnostic performance of the two imaging modalities were not significant. The sensitivity for periapical radiography was 71% and for DNB radiography 85%, and the specificities 82% and 81% respectively. It is concluded that DNB radiography is a good radiographic examination for periodontal disease, and an acceptable alternative to periapical radiography.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Comparison of periapical and detailed narrow-beam radiography for diagnosis of periapical bone lesions.

The diagnostic performance of the detailed narrow-beam (DNB) technique of the Scanora multimodal radiography system was compared for periapical radiography for the detection of periapical bone lesions at 262 dental sites in 144 patients. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) of both imaging modalities were analysed in relation to the ratings of five observers for the whole dentition, three dental regions, and two types of periapical lesions. ROC analysis demonstrated no overall or regional significant differences in the diagnostic performance of the two imaging modalities. The sensitivity for periapical radiography was 72% and for DNB radiography 90%, and the specificities 89% and 88%, respectively. It is concluded that DNB radiography performs as well as periapical radiography for detecting periapical bone lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Lung cancer and smoking in Finland and the Czech Republic. Recent trends and predictions.

Trends of mortality from lung cancer in 1953-1989, age-specific lung cancer death rates of five-year birth cohorts, and the cigarette consumption were compared in Finland and the Czech Republic. While the lung cancer mortality and the smoking habits were fairly similar in Finland and the Czech Republic in the 1950s and early 1960s, contrasting differences gradually developed over the subsequent three decades in favor of Finland. In the year 1989, the Czech lung cancer death rates were much higher than the Finnish rates: in males 75.8 vs. 48.1 per 100,000; in females 9.3 vs. 6.6 per 100,000 (adjusted to the world standard population). Results obtained by descriptive epidemiologic methods support the opinion that a major part of the positive changes in the lung cancer epidemic in Finland can be explained as a consequence of the comprehensive smoking control program introduced in this country, including a significant decline in tar yield of cigarettes. In view of a long latency period between exposure and the development of disease, a continuing upward trend in lung cancer mortality is to be expected in the Czech Republic, particularly in females, resulting in an increase in the gap between Czech and Finnish lung cancer mortality. To achieve in future a falling trend in lung cancer rates even in the Czech Republic, amendments in the smoking control system according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization and International Union against Cancer are of importance.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Work load and individual factors affecting work disability among aging municipal employees.

A cohort of 6165 municipal workers 44 to 58 years of age was followed during 1981-1985. The most impairing work loads were poor work postures and poor physical climate, whereas good possibilities for development at work prevented work disability. Aging particularly increased the incidence of work disability, whereas physical exercise maintained work ability. Among workers who suffered from any cardiovascular disease, a low level of muscular work and a high level of leisure-time physical exercise decreased work disability. Compared with the work ability of active workers, work disability was more linked to individual than to work load factors.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cancer incidence following chlorophenol exposure in a community in southern Finland.

Chlorophenols have contaminated the drinking water system and the local lake in the village of Järvelä in southern Finland. Local geology, ground water streams, and chemical analyses incriminated a local sawmill as the only plausible source of exposure. Cancer incidence in the municipality of Kärkölä (half of the population lives in Järvelä), compared with the rest of the local health-care district and with the greater cancer control region, indicated an excess of soft-tissue sarcomas and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. A case-control study, which focused on cancers of the colon, bladder and soft tissues, lymphomas, and leukemia, demonstrated a significantly elevated risk ratio for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas among persons who consumed fish from the local lake, which was contaminated with chlorophenols. Probable exposure to chlorophenol-contaminated drinking water played a role in the increased incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and possibly was a factor in the development of soft-tissue sarcoma.

Animals↗