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Biomedical subjects

T Lind

Publications and source records attributed to T Lind.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Do enkephalins participate in vagal activation of gastric acid secretion in man?

The effects of the anticholinergic drug benzilonium bromide and the opiate receptor blocker naloxone, given alone or in combination, on the acid secretory response and on plasma gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) response to sham feeding was tested in eight duodenal ulcer (DU) patients. Naloxone alone had no effect on the acid secretion after sham feeding. Benzilonium reduced basal acid secretion and the acid response to sham feeding but did not abolish the response. The combination of benzilonium and naloxone was not more effective than benzilonium alone. Neither drug, nor the combination had any effect on plasma GRP following sham feeding. It is concluded that enkephalins are unlikely to participate in the acid response to sham feeding in patients with DU.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Maternal alloantibody responses during early pregnancy detected by a cellular enzyme-linked immunospecific assay.

Using a cellular enzyme-linked immunospecific assay (CELISA), we have examined sera from nulliparous women and women in the first trimester of a first or subsequent pregnancy for the presence of antibodies directed to surface determinants on peripheral blood lymphocytes from unrelated donors. Maternal antibody activity was found in sera from 1/13 nulliparae, 19/37 primigravidae, and 8/12 multigravidae. Cytotoxic antibody activity was present in 3/12 multigravidae but in no other group. Absorption with packed, pooled platelets did not remove the antibody activity from three of the primigravid sera; unabsorbed sera, however, bound equally well to T and B lymphocytes. These data suggest that the antibody detected by CELISA is not directed to any of the classical HLA antigen series (-A, -B, -C, or -DR) but may be directed to the HLA linked non-class I HT antigen system.

Antigens, Surface↗
PubMed1987

Biliary excretion of intravenous [14C] omeprazole in humans.

We have studied the biliary excretion of [14C] omeprazole in humans. The study was performed in eight healthy subjects and the technique used was based on multiple marker dilution principles with double-lumen tubes placed in both the stomach and intestine. The results obtained show a 16% biliary excretion of [14C] omeprazole. These data suggest a minimal "spillover" of omeprazole from the gastric mucosa into the gastric lumen in humans. The results also agree with previous data of the fecal recovery of radiolabeled omeprazole that suggest that the fecal excretion of intravenous omeprazole in humans is entirely accounted for by biliary excretion.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Antibiotic prophylaxis in high-risk gastric surgery. A prospective, randomized clinical comparison of cefuroxime and doxycycline.

The efficacy of two antibiotics as prophylaxis in high-risk gastric surgery was evaluated in a prospective, randomized trial: 400 mg doxycycline in a single dose (98 patients) was compared with 1.5 g cefuroxime given twice with an 8-hour interval (101 patients). The two groups were comparable in regard to all relevant factors of importance for susceptibility to infection. The incidence of postoperative abdominal infection was 8.2% in the doxycycline group and 7.9% in the cefuroxime group. The most common extraabdominal infectious complications were in the lungs (20% of the patients in both groups). No subgroup of patients was identifiable in which one antibiotic was superior to the other. The efficacy of the two investigated prophylaxis regimens was apparently identical.

Cefuroxime↗
PubMed1987

Measurement of pouch volume and stoma diameter after gastroplasty.

A balloon technique has been developed for measurement of the pouch volume and stoma diameter after gastroplasty. Twenty-seven patients prospectively included in a randomized study of two types of gastroplasty operation have been investigated 6 months postoperatively. During the operation the proximal pouch was calibrated to be about 40 ml and the stoma diameter to 11 min. Six months after the operation the patients had on average reduced weight by 29 kg. Using the balloon technique, the stoma diameter was 12 +/- 1.6 (s.e.m.) mm and the pouch volume 80 +/- 11.0 ml. There was a significant correlation between the stoma diameter and weight reduction during the first 6 months postoperatively (P less than 0.01). The relationship between the stoma diameter and weight reduction followed best an exponential equation. No correlation was found between the pouch volume and weight reduction. The presented technique for measurement of pouch volume and stoma diameter after gastroplasty may be an important tool to evaluate the influence of various factors on the long-term results of surgical treatment for morbid obesity.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1986

Maternal antibodies to paternal B-lymphocytes in normal and abnormal pregnancy.

Sera were obtained prior to conception and during the first trimester of subsequent pregnancies from 22 women over 27 pregnancies; on 15 occasions these pregnancies ended in spontaneous abortion, whereas the remaining 12 achieved live normal babies. In only one pregnancy ending in abortion could antibodies directed to paternal B-lymphocytes determined by the EA rosette inhibition (EAI) assay be detected in the mother's serum, whereas five of the 12 successful pregnancies were associated with such detectable antibodies. Cytotoxic antibodies were also found in all but one of these EAI-positive pregnancies and no antibody activity was present in sera obtained from five primigravidae. These results indicated that normal, but not abnormal, pregnancies were often associated with blocking antibody formation, suggesting that such antibodies may protect the fetus from abortion. However, the failure to detect antibody activity in sera from first trimester primigravidae argues against a central role for blocking antibody, alone, in the maintenance of outbred pregnancy.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1986

Intravenous omeprazole: effect on 24-hour intragastric pH in duodenal ulcer patients.

This study was aimed to identify an intravenous dosage regime of omeprazole which would sufficiently suppress acid secretion to maintain intragastric pH greater than 4 continuously. Thirteen duodenal ulcer patients in remission received omeprazole in daily intravenous doses ranging from 40 to 200 mg. Doses were successively increased as dictated by patient response. The intragastric pH data indicated that omeprazole given in twice or thrice daily regimes in total intravenous amounts of 200, 160 and 160 mg over a consecutive 3-day period markedly inhibited acid secretion and maintained intragastric pH greater than 4 with few and short-term exceptions.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Inhibition of basal and betazole- and sham-feeding-induced acid secretion by omeprazole in man.

The effect of omeprazole, given as a buffered solution, on basal acid secretion and that induced by betazole and sham feeding in healthy subjects were studied. The three series of experiments showed a dose-dependent acid reduction during the 2nd to 4th h after administration of omeprazole in doses of 10-60 mg, with almost complete inhibition by the highest dose. The ED50 values were of the same magnitude for basal and stimulated acid secretion. This indicates that omeprazole is an equally potent inhibitor of both kinds of acid secretion irrespective of the manner in which the acid is activated.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effect of omeprazole on gastric acid secretion in man.

Omeprazole in doses of 20, 40 or 60 mg dose-dependently inhibits basal acid secretion in young healthy subjects, with almost complete inhibition by 60 mg. Omeprazole has also been shown to dose-dependently inhibit vagally stimulated and meal stimulated acid secretion. Pentagastrin stimulated acid secretion is strongly inhibited by omeprazole for 4-5 hours, with moderate inhibition remaining 24 hours after a single dose. The plasma half-life of omeprazole, however, is about 50 minutes. The inhibitory effect accumulates over the first few days of repeated administration, and the effect continues for at least 24 hours after the last dose. A relatively high dose of intravenous omeprazole is required to keep the gastric pH above 4 over the 24-hour period. Both basal and postprandial serum gastrin concentrations have been observed to increase during omeprazole treatment. These changes, however, are probably secondary to a pronounced reduction of intragastric acidity which relieves acid inhibition of gastrin release from the antrum.

Anti-Ulcer Agents↗
PubMed1985

Platelet values during normal pregnancy.

Blood samples were obtained from 26 healthy women at regular intervals throughout pregnancy and analysed using a Coulter Counter Model S Plus III. The mean values for the various haematological indices at each stage of gestation were first calculated; the platelet count showed a small decrease throughout pregnancy as did haemoglobin concentration while there was an apparent increase in mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width and white cell count. However, analysis of the trends within patients did not always reflect these mean changes; there was considerable variation in platelet count within individuals and the apparent fall in the group as a whole was accounted for by a considerable fall in a few individuals. The assumption that the trends in platelet values determined from groups of patients will indicate how individual pregnant women behave is misleading.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Catecholamine responses to changes in posture during human pregnancy.

Human pregnancy may induce changes in the sensitivity of the cardiovascular system to endogenous catecholamines. This was investigated in multigravid women with little likelihood of unsuspected vascular disease. The responses of blood pressure, pulse rate, plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline to a change in posture from semi-recumbency to standing were assessed in six normotensive women at 36 weeks gestation and in six non-pregnant control subjects. Standing for 10 min caused a surge in blood pressure, pulse rate and plasma noradrenaline in non-pregnant women. The pregnant women, whose basal levels of noradrenaline were higher than those in non-pregnant women, showed a slower noradrenergic response to postural change, and this response had less effect upon the cardiovascular indices. Blood pressure dropped immediately on standing and pulse rate remained unaffected throughout. It is suggested that some women may maintain a non-pregnant level of pressor sensitivity during pregnancy and thereby become hypertensive.

Adult↗