PubMed1998
Insufficient supply of organ for allotransplantation made the study on finding new organ resources from animal progress. Pig is regarded as one of the optimal donor animals for human. The major obstacle in this field is hyperacute reaction (HAR), which is triggered after the xenogenic natural antibodies preexisting in recipient blood combine to the antigens on the surface of the endothelium and activate the complement system. alpha-Galactose residues (alpha-Gal) on the endothelial cell have been identified as the major xenoantigens. NJZ Pig has been closely breed since 1938, whose family history is clear. Tissue samples from heart, liver, kidney, pancreas, lung, small intestine, skin, spleen, thymus and lymph node were obtained and embedded in paraffin. The sections were performed the immunohistochemical staining with the sera from health volunteers (including all the blood types) as the primary antibodies as well as the biotin labeled bandeirae simplicifolia I isolectin B4 (BS I-B4), which has specific affinity to alpha-galactose. All the staining sections were compared with the tissues digested with alpha-galactosidase. There was no difference between the antigens recognized by sera of different blood types. alpha-Gal was still the major xenoantigen on the endothelial cells. There might exist non-alpha-Gal antigens on the distal convoluted tubules and collecting tubules of the kidney. There was no alpha-Gal distributing on the secreting part of pancreas, either the islet cells or the matrix cells, but surely on pancreatic duct and vessels. All the antigenity was destroyed after the enzyme digestion except that the small intestine gland still positive with the BS I-B4. alpha-Gal is the major xenogenic antigen in NJZ Pigs. There exist some unknown antigens on the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney. The blood type of recipient is not the first affair to be considered in pig-to-human xenotransplantation. The specificity of BS I-B4 for the alpha-galactose needs more detail research.