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Biomedical subjects

T Laudański

Publications and source records attributed to T Laudański.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Corticotrophin-releasing hormone and ACTH levels in maternal and fetal blood during spontaneous and oxytocin-induced labour.

The changes in corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH), ACTH and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in maternal and fetal plasma were estimated in women undergoing spontaneous and oxytocin-induced labour to correlate hormone changes with the mode of parturition. Blood was sampled from a maternal peripheral vein 2 days before labour, during the second stage of labour and on the second postnatal day, and also from umbilical vessels just after delivery. Hormone concentrations were measured by RIA and ELSA methods. The maternal plasma CRH concentration before labour was significantly higher in the group of women delivered spontaneously and declined during the labour through to the second postnatal day. Measured in umbilical vessels, CRH as well as ACTH concentrations were higher in the umbilical vein than artery. The mean maternal plasma ACTH was similar in both groups before delivery, then increased significantly in both groups during the labour, decreasing on the second day after delivery. There were no changes in DHEA concentrations among the groups and at all time points of collection. No correlations between CRH and ACTH or DHEA were observed. Our results suggest that the maternal pituitary can respond to stress factors during delivery but peripheral CRH, probably mainly of placental origin, is not a major modulator of pituitary action.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed2001

[Birth environmental modification: needs of mother and child in modern obstetrics].

This paper evaluates changes which all ready has been done and still are taking place in obstetrics according to World Health Organisation recommendations in relation to women's increasing expectation from obstetric hospitals and maternity units. The needs of parturients and theirs children are not in contrary to the needs of modern obstetrics. An attempt has been done to disclose concurrent points to work up the best obstetrics health care model after 2000 year. The author emphasizes that progressive technicalization in obstetrics could not indicate its dehumanization.

Environment↗
PubMed2001

[The management of labor overweight women with intrapartum fetal oxygen saturation monitoring].

OBJECTIVE: Overweight is one of the most common problems that occurs in pregnancy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of fetal pulse oximetry during labour and to compare fetal oxygen saturation between cases with pregravid overweight and normal weight. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fetal oxygen saturation was continuously recorded with use of Nellcor N-400 fetal pulse oximeter in 20 cases of pregravid overweight and 30 control cases of normal weight. Distribution of fetal oxygen saturation values during 4 periods of labour was analyzed and compared between the examined groups together with neonatal umbilical artery pH values, Apgar score, birth weight and percentage of ceasarian sections performed. RESULTS: We noticed statistically important differences in fetal oxygen saturation between analyzed groups. Mean oxygen saturation value was lower in the overweight group, at the end of first stages of the labour (47% vs 52%) and at the second stages (42% vs 46%) We noticed differences in birth weight too. No significant differences in neonatal umbilical artery pH, ceasarian sections, newborns mean 1 minute Apgar score were observed between analyzed groups. CONCLUSION: Fetal pulse oximetry is a a useful method for intensive surveillance of the fetus at risk of hypoxemia during the labour. A lower fetal oxygen saturation value during labor by pregravid overweight were observed.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Permeability of fetal membranes to calcium and magnesium: possible role in preterm labour.

Calcium (Ca(2+)) and magnesium (Mg(2+)) are co-factors in the synthetic activity of a variety of enzymes and in the secretory process. Both the binding to fetal membranes and the diffusion through the membranes of these two cations could be important factors in the synthesis and/or action of prostaglandins and generation of nitric oxide (NO) which are believed to regulate myometrial activity particularly for the induction of labour. In the present study, the permeability to Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) of chorioamniotic membranes obtained from women who had undergone term or preterm labour was examined. Diffusion of Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) were measured using a system of Plexiglas chambers separated by the mounted fetal membrane. Permeability of Mg(2+) and Ca(2+) through fetal membranes was calculated using non-linear regression analysis. The data show highly significant differences in the diffusion of Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) across fetal membranes between preterm and term labour. Transport coefficient K for Ca(2+) was 0.203 h(-1) and 0. 0223 h(-1) in term and preterm labour respectively. The corresponding values for Mg(2+) were -0.017 h(-1) and 0.051 h(-1) respectively. It is proposed that a considerable reduction in Ca(2+) available to myometrium and placenta would result in down-regulation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and thereby a reduction in NO production. This together with an effect on intracellular Ca(2+) transport resulting from a reduced availability of Mg(2+) would lead to increased myometrial activity in preterm labour.

Calcium↗
PubMed2000

[Evidence-based medicine and medical databases in obstetrics and gynecology].

Evidence-based medicine is a new trend in both teaching medicine and supporting the clinical decisive process, answering the clinical questions. The basis of the evidence-based medicine comprises of analysing and interpreting current and reliable medical publications concerning certain subject. The important condition, which has to be fulfilled is a possibility of an easy access to current medical information--via internet, medical publications' databases and publications themselves. It is crucial to use the proper hardware system (local net) and proper software system--tools for using evidence-based medicine. Regarding the medical research, nowadays, database systems became unavoidable. By using such a programs process of data collection, control and analysis became both easier and more reliable thanks to eliminating many "human based" errors. In following paper own experience in introducing evidence-based medicine and medical databases in the field of obstetrics and gynaecology will be presented.

Evidence-Based Medicine↗
PubMed1999

[Evaluation of the effectiveness of a low-dose aspirin in the treatment of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR)].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the benefits of IUGR treatment by low doses of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) (1.5 mg/kg) compared to the standard method. The study was based on the reports that aspirin at low doses shifts prostacyclin/tromboxan A2 balance to the dominance of prostacyclin by inhibiting cyclooxygenase activity in platelets, which results in the improvement of the utero-placental circulation. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 31 pregnant women with diagnosed fetal IUGR were randomly assigned to two groups, receiving either low-dose ASA (n = 22) or the standard treatment (Sadamin, Partusisten, glucose i.v., amino acids i.v.) for 10 days. Ultrasound examination of the biometric parameters of the fetus (BPD, AC, FL) was performed and estimated fetal weight (EFW) calculated before and after treatment. The birthweight of infants in the two examined groups was compared. RESULTS: The mean increase in EFW was higher in the aspirin-treated group compared to that receiving standard treatment (478 g vs 246 g, p < 0.05). In all the biometric parameters under study a higher increase was noted in the group with aspirin treatment; however, the difference was not statistically significant. The mean birthweight was found to be higher in the ASA group as well (2856 g vs 2511 g). The frequency of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants (birth weight below 10th percentile) was lower in the ASA group than in the controls (27% vs 55%). The low-dose aspirin therapy did not produce any adverse side-effects either among mothers of infants. CONCLUSION: The treatment with low doses of aspirin reduces the proportion of SGA babies and increases birthweight in the case of a diagnosed fetal growth retardation. Since the number of subjects in this study was relatively small, further clinical trials are necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of IUGR treatment by low-dose aspirin.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Clinical tumour markers in ovarian cancer.

Within past few years, the measurement of serological, histochemical and molecular genetic markers has had an increasing influence on clinical decisions about initial treatment and follow-up. This review presents data concerning the most studied and interesting markers in ovarian cancer. CA 125, CA 19.9, TATI, CASA, CEA, TPA, TPS and CYFRA21-1 are now the most widely used serological tumour markers for management of ovarian cancer patients. Ras oncogenes, C-erb2 proto-oncogene, p53 suppressor gene and Bcl-2 oncogene are examples of currently used molecular genetic markers. As histochemical markers-proliferation markers, flow cytometric analysis, thymidine labelling index, Ki-67 nuclear antigen or differentiation markers are nowadays the ones most often determined. Some of these markers might be useful adjuncts for monitoring response to therapy, including early detection of tumour reactivation to allow curative therapy and rapid detection of treatment failure. The study of these markers may also lead to a better understanding of the biological characteristics of ovarian cancer. Numerous tumour markers characterized in this paper have been recognized as promising prognostic factors. The information derived from studies of these markers also represents the most promising avenue towards new treatment strategies; nevertheless to validate these factors, prospective studies of a large patient population are needed.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1998

[Molecular markers in ovarian cancer].

Within past few years, the investigation of molecular genetic markers has had an increasing influence on clinical decisions about initial treatment and follow-up. This review presents data concerning the most studied and interesting molecular markers in ovarian cancer. p53 tumour suppressor gene, Bcl-2 oncogene, K-ras oncogene, c-erb2 proto oncogene, c-myc oncogene are examples of currently used molecular genetic markers. Some of these markers might be useful adjuncts for monitoring response to therapy, including early detection of tumour reactivation to allow curative therapy and rapid detection of treatment failure. The study of these markers may also lead to a better understanding of the biological characteristics of ovarian cancer. The information derived from studies of these markers also represents the most promising avenue towards new treatment strategies.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1996

Inhibition of contractile responses of human myometrium and intramyometrial arteries by potassium channel openers.

OBJECTIVES: The effects of cromakalim and pinacidil on the contractile activity of the isolated human myometrium and intramyometrial arteries were studied. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Myometrial strips and pieces of uterine arteries were obtained from women undergoing hysterectomy. Contractions were recorded under isometric conditions. RESULTS: Both compounds (10(-9) M-5 x 10(-6) M) inhibited the spontaneous activity of the myometrium and vasopressin induced contractions of myometrium and intramyometrial arteries. There was no statistically significant difference in the responses of both tissues to cromakalim or pinacidil. Both compounds reduced responses of myometrium and intramyometrial arteries to low concentration of K+ (< 40 mM) but did not decrease contractions induced by 40 mM and 80 mM. CONCLUSION: The combined effect on the uterus and intrauterine vasculature would suggest a potential in the use of cromakalim or pinacidil for the treatment of dysmenorrhea.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Iron deficiency as a risk factor during the perinatal period].

Iron deficiency as a risk factor in the perinatal period--the review of the literature. The presence of iron is necessary for the metabolic processes, erythropoiesis, oxygen transport and respiration, thermoregulation and humoral and cellular immunity. Iron deficiency decreases the amplitude of adaptation of the pregnant women. It might be responsible for abortion or preterm labour as well as disarrangement of myometrial activity during labour and puerperium. Congenital fetal malformations and intrauterine growth retardation might be also stimulated by iron deficiency.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1995

[Acid-base balance in capillary blood of newborns with perinatal hypoxemia symptoms].

The purpose of the study was to compare acid-base parameters in capillary blood of newborns from groups with hypoxaemia symptoms and from the control group (physiological deliveries). 111 newborns were divided into 8 groups. Group I consisted of 33 newborns from uncomplicated labour while groups II-VIII involved newborns from complicated labor with symptoms of hypoxaemia. Capillary blood was taken in the 10th and 60th minute and after 24 hours of newborn's life. In newborns with pathological CTG, green amniotic fluid and prolonged first stage of labour--higher duration of acidosis was observed.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1994

[Trial for assessment of values: normal, threatening, and pathologic parameters of acid-base equilibrium in umbilical vessel blood and capillary blood in newborns].

A prospective study in 33 newborns infants born spontaneously at term was carried out. First stage labour duration was up to 10 hours while the second one was no longer than 60 minutes. The key criterion for newborns selection from physiological deliveries was a normal heart rate baseline throughout the whole period of labour. Acid-base parameters in umbilical blood vessels and capillary blood were performed on an Blood Analyzer Corning 168. The results allowed to define normal and pathological ranges of the analysed indicators. They may be used for evaluation of newborn's postnatal conditions.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1994

[Acid-base equilibrium in umbilical blood vessels of fetuses with perinatal hypoxemia symptoms].

The aim of the study was to compare acid-base parameters in umbilical cord blood of fetus from groups with hypoxaemia symptoms and from the control group (physiological deliveries). 111 fetuses were divided into 8 groups. Group I consisted of 33 fetuses with normal heart rate baseline while groups II-VIII involved fetuses from complicated labours with hypoxaemia symptoms. The following characteristics of umbilical vessels blood: low pH, normal or increased PCO2, increased base deficit, low PO2 and PO2 in chronic hypoxaemia were found out. Acute hypoxaemia was characterised by lower pH, high PCO2, normal BE and lower PO2 and SO2.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1991

Influence of cadmium ions on the reactivity of isolated human uterine arteries.

The isometric contractions were recorded for pieces of uterine arteries as well as ascending branches of uterine artery (1-2 mm diameter) obtained from 36 nonpregnant, premenopausal women undergoing hysterectomy. Contractile responses to K(+)-depolarization, noradrenaline, and Ca+2 ions were studied. Cadmium at concentrations 10(-9)-10(-3) M produced no changes of tension in the investigated arteries. Incubation (15 min) with low concentration of cadmium (10(-9)-10(-7) M) evoked an increase of amplitude of K(+)-induced contractions in 50% of investigated vessels. Cadmium at concentrations of 10(-6)-10(-3) M gradually inhibited contractions. The influence of cadmium on contractions evoked by noradrenaline was similar to those on K(+)-induced contractions. In a Ca(2+)-free medium, 10(-5) M cadmium induced tonic contractions and pretreatment with 10(-7) and 10(-5) M cadmium slightly enhanced Ca(2+)-induced contractions. Cadmium concentration of 10(-4) M caused substantial inhibition of Ca(2+)-induced contractions. The results suggest that in the human uterine vessels cadmium is not only a Ca(2+)-channels blocker but also interferes with intracellular mechanisms involved in excitation-contraction coupling.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Induction of labor in intrauterine fetal death with 16-phenoxy-prostaglandin-E2-methylsulfonylamide (sulprostone)--effects on uterine contractility, coagulation and kallikrein-kinin systems.

Thirty-two patients with intrauterine fetal death after the 20th week of pregnancy were treated with 1-3 intramuscular injections of 500 mg of 16-phenoxy-PGE2-methylsulfonylamide (sulprostone). Intrauterine pressure records demonstrated onset of contractions within 20 min of injection and all women aborted-delivered after in mean 11 h (4-31 h). No effect on routine hematologic and plasma parameters, kallikrein-kinin and factor XII systems was observed. It is concluded that 16-phenoxy-PGE2-methylsulfonylamide is an effective and safe oxytocic agent for the induction of labor in case of intrauterine fetal death with minimal effects on the coagulation system.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The influence of a combined oral contraceptive on uterine activity and reactivity to agonists in primary dysmenorrhea.

The mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of an oral contraceptive (150 micrograms levonorgestrel and 30 micrograms ethinyl estradiol daily for 21 days) in primary dysmenorrhea were studied by recordings of uterine activity and reactivity to lysine (L) vasopressin (VP) and prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha on the first day of menstruation in 14 women before and after one period of oral contraceptive treatment. During the first session, when all women had moderate to severe dysmenorrhea, intra-uterine pressure recording showed an intensive uterine activity, and bolus injections of LVP (6 pmol/kg body weight; 6 subjects) or PGF2 alpha (6 or 12 nmol/kg body weight; 4 subjects in each group) increased contractile activity and discomfort. After oral contraceptive treatment, spontaneous uterine activity, measured as total pressure area, decreased significantly (p = 0.02 and p = 0.03 in the VP and PG groups, respectively). The mean uterine responses to LVP and PGF2 alpha were on average smaller after oral contraceptive treatment and the women experienced minimal discomfort after this injection. It is suggested that inhibition of uterine activity could be an important mechanism for the therapeutic effect of gestagen-dominated oral contraceptives in primary dysmenorrhea and that reduced uterine reactivity to agonists might contribute to this effect.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Energy metabolism of the myometrium in pregnancy and labor].

The strips of uterine muscle were taken during the caesarean section and the levels of energetic substrates (glycogen and FFA), glycolysis products (pyruvate and lactate), highenergetic phosphates were estimated and the activity of selected carbohydrate metabolism enzymes was tested--in the homogenates in relation to the type of uterine contractility. Further the protein metabolism enzymes were estimated also (AspAT, ALAT, GlDH); including CPK. It was demonstrated that the energetic metabolism of the uterine muscle is different in pregnancy and in labour and depends on the type of uterine contractility.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗