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Biomedical subjects

T L Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to T L Taylor.

31 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Against a role for attentional disengagement in the gap effect: a friendly amendment to Tam and Stelmach (1993).

Saccadic reaction time (RT) is reduced when the fixation point is removed shortly before target onset. Although Tam and Stelmach (1993) argued that this gap effect could not be explained solely by the idea that fixation offset disengaged visual attention and preferred an explanation based on disengagement of the oculomotor system, they felt that they could not rule out a hybrid model in which both oculomotor and attentional disengagement contribute to the gap effect. Our analysis of the dual response experiment (Experiment 4), upon which this hybrid model was based, shows that manual and saccadic responses were likely compromised by a grouping or delay strategy and that subjects may not have been attending as instructed. On these grounds, we argue that Tam and Stelmach (1993), like Kingstone and Klein (1990; 1993a) provide no evidence that attentional disengagement contributes to the gap effect. An alternative proposal (Klein & Kingstone, 1993), that motor preparation and oculomotor disengagement combine additively to produce the gap effect, is consistent with the data from Tam and Stelmach's Experiments 1-3, is similar to the explanation that they prefer, and has been strongly supported when directly tested (Kingstone, Klein, & Taylor, 1994).

Fixation, Ocular↗
PubMed1992

Management preparedness criteria: a study of nursing home administrators.

The observations from this study seem to suggest that there are some correlations between education, experience, age, and sex on the level of preparedness in the practice domains identified. Specifically, this study finds that years of experience have a significant negative correlation with the practice domains of physical plant/building management, fiscal reimbursement, financial management, and overall preparedness in both Oklahoma and Connecticut respondents. Experience level further correlates negatively with all other practice domains (except licensing standards) in Oklahoma respondents. Education level, on the other hand, did not correlate with any practice domain (except licensing standards among Oklahoma respondents). Age correlated positively with financial management activities but only with Oklahoma respondents, while sex correlated positively with physical plant/building management (Oklahoma and Connecticut) and with financial management in Connecticut only. Sex, however, had a negative correlation with basic nursing activities among Connecticut respondents. This study suggests that the nursing home administrators from Connecticut in our study felt that they were more prepared in the practice domains identified as compared to those responding from Oklahoma. This can be attributed to the fact that Connecticut respondents had almost a 13 percent higher average of experience years. This was also demonstrated in the correlation table. Other factors such as sex, age at onset of administrator career, and educational level had no or very limited effect on the practice domains identified in the study (p greater than 0.05). This holds true for both Oklahoma and Connecticut respondents. Therefore, the hypothesis stating that education has a direct effect on job performance and preparedness of nursing home administrators does not hold true with this study. It is the years of experience that has a direct effect on performance and preparedness of nursing home administrators.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Managerial burnout.

It is well to understand that the consequences of burnout due to work-related stress are usually quite serious. Yet, this kind of burnout can and should be prevented; if detected early, it is manageable. Organizations should take steps to identify their executives who are most susceptible to burnout and offer them a broad range of assistance. There are, after all, no more important resources than human resources, and this, of course, includes an organization's executive-level employees.

Burnout, Professional↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of environmental support in group homes for persons with mental retardation.

Types of environmental support provided to adults with mental retardation in group homes after transfer from a large state institution were compared. Substantial differences in the functioning of the group homes were found even though the service structure was held constant. Community adjustment was compared for matched groups of residents of the group homes. Differences in community adjustment occurred for residents in group homes with significantly different functional features. The findings indicate that resident outcome was generated by the interaction of several factors in combination. Both structural and functional features of facilities must be considered in any evaluation of the effectiveness of community programs.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

A practice profile of native American physicians.

Native American physicians constitute less than 0.5% of the overall U.S. physician supply. Little is known about their professional practices in terms of location, specialty, practice setting, and amount of time allocated to professional activities. The Association of American Indian Physicians, AAIP, is a professional organization of physicians, each of whom is at least one-eighth American Indian. A survey of its 109 members in 1987 elicited 84 responses. The findings indicate that most respondents were American Indians to less than one-quarter degree, and although they were practicing in locations where large numbers of Indian people reside, 65% reported that less than 25% of their direct patient care activity involved Indian patients. In regard to Native American physicians, the survey findings and other published information contradict the view that minority medical practitioners are more likely than their white counterparts to practice in areas where large numbers of their respective minority populations reside and will, therefore, provide medical care to significant numbers of their respective minority populations.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Idiopathic flexible flatfoot in the adolescent.

In summary, factors to consider in treatment are (1) the patient's age; (2) the flexibility of the condition; (3) the severity of deformity; (4) the presence of equinus; (5) abnormal shoe wear; and (6) the symptoms. When a child presents with severe flexible flatfoot one should rule out an underlying neuromuscular disorder and perform a complete biomechanical evaluation to ascertain any rotational or angular conditions of the legs that might influence the treatment. If a child is in group 1 (ages 4 to 7), a Helfet heel seat with a medial plantar wedge is usually adequate treatment. In the group II (ages 8 to 12) adolescent with flexible flatfoot, more control of the calcaneal eversion is needed. This is obtained by using a device constructed from a plaster mold taken while the foot is in neutral position. This UCBL type of device must usually extend to the metatarsal heads and be elevated on the medial and lateral sides. The group III (ages 13 to 17) adolescent usually has the additional problem of a forefoot varus, which must be controlled using a forefoot post. It is also not unusual to have to add additional wedging inside the heel of the shoe to invert the heel.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

A study of 208 patients in premature labour treated with orally administered salbutamol.

Orally administered salbutamol (8 mg every six hours) is a simple, acceptable and effective method of inhibiting labour. Of 208 patients, 89.4% had pregnancy prolonged for longer than two days. The pregnancy was prolonged for one week in 77.5%, and for two weeks in 66.8% of patients. Tremor and anxiety occurred in 68.3% of patients, and tachycardia greater than 110 beats per minute in 21.2%, but these proved tolerable if the patient was forwarned. Haemorrhages, both ante partum, and post partum, were apparently reduced. Glycosuria and pre-eclampsia were uncommon. Urinary oestriol levels were not significantly altered. Perinatal mortality was 58 per 1000 live and still births. The babies were active at delivery, but prone to hypothermia. The incidence of respiratory distress syndrome (4.1%) was low, particularly in babies born within four hours of the last salbutamol administration. Low Apgar scores were also uncommon in this group.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1976

The role of gastrin in the treatment of sliding hiatal hernia with reflux using the reefing method of fundoplication.

Findings in this study correlated a low circulating gastrin level with an incompetent lower esophageal sphincter mechanism and abnormal reflux. Such reflux, in amounts causing esophagitis distally, was treated surgically by a mechanically simple method of fundoplication. The success of this reefing method of fundoplication was explained by using physiologically active sling fibers of the gastric fundus to augment the lower esophageal sphincter. Available gastrin was used more effectively in this manner. The high incidence of associated foregut diseases suggested an embryologic factor in the development of gastroesophageal reflux. The dilated hiatus and its attendant hernia had no apparent relationship to the development of reflux esophagitis. The term symptomatic sliding hiatal hernia, therefore, seemed to be a diagnostic and therapeutic misnomer.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Health problems and use of services at two urban American Indian clinics.

The use of primary health care services by urban American Indians and their health problems were compared with national and regional data compiled by the Indian Health Service, Bureau of the Census, Office of Technology Assessment, and the National Center for Health Statistics. A survey of medical records was conducted at urban Indian health clinics, one located in Oklahoma City, OK, and the other in Wichita, KS. Health records of 500 patients from each clinic were reviewed. Information was gathered concerning reasons for visit, diagnoses, and number of physician visits. In addition, predisposing variables and enabling variables from each patient's registration form were reviewed. According to the data collected in the survey, the clientele of these urban Indian clinics have annual incomes well below the average income of the general population and the overall American Indian population in these cities. Their lack of health insurance and low education levels were also evident. Use of primary health services was below that of the general population, and lower, but relatively close, to use levels of American Indians residing in rural Oklahoma and Kansas. Information on health problems indicated high levels of diabetes mellitus and hypertension among the middle-age groups, and high levels of use by young women for prenatal care and contraception. The absence of systematically collected and comprehensive health and health care use information about urban American Indians, who now comprise more than half the U.S. American Indian population, and the limitations in the available information leave important questions unanswered. There are indications that large segments of urban Indian populations have difficulty obtaining primary and preventive health care services due to their general socioeconomic condition and the absence of the Indian Health Service in many urban areas.

Adult↗