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Biomedical subjects

T L Rose

Publications and source records attributed to T L Rose.

34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Concentration and mnemonic training in elderly subjects with memory complaints: a study of combined therapy and order effects.

In a study of a cognitive retraining program for the elderly, subjects received a combination of two types of training designed to reduce the memory impairment associated with normal aging. Concentration training (CT) consisted of techniques to improve selective and sustained attention. Mnemonic training (MT) involved an associative imagery technique designed to enhance the organization and retrieval of information. Order effects were examined using two groups of subjects. One group received CT followed by MT whereas the other group received MT before CT. It was hypothesized that the CT-MT sequence would improve immediate and delayed serial recall more than the reverse sequence. This hypothesis was supported and transfer effects were found on a paired-associates learning task. The findings suggest a need for further research on potential interactions and sequencing effects among different forms of cognitive training.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Interactive imagery and affective judgments improve face-name learning in the elderly.

Groups of elderly adults were taught to learn name-to-face associations using one of three different techniques. In a control group (no image) participants were taught for each face-name pair to select a prominent facial feature and to transform the surname into a concrete word. Persons in a second group (image) additionally were taught to employ interactive imagery to form an association between the prominent feature and the transformed name. The third group (image + judgment) was treated the same as the second except that these individuals were also taught to judge the pleasantness of the image association that was formed. As predicted, improvement following instruction was minimal when no image association was formed but strong when interactive imagery was used. Moreover, those persons in the image + judgment group remembered more names than those in the image group and showed less forgetting on a measure of delayed recall. In addition to replicating and extending the findings of previous research with a different sample, the present study demonstrates that semantic orienting tasks can be used to enhance the retention of visual image associations as well as the simpler stimuli used in prior research.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Differential effects of a list-learning mnemonic in three age groups.

The effectiveness of a list-learning mnemonic was assessed across a wide range of ages. Young, middle-aged, and older adults attended a 3-day course in which a modified version of the method of loci was taught. Tests of free recall were administered at the beginning and end of the course. All three age groups displayed significantly better recall following instruction in the mnemonic than they did initially; however, the amount of improvement was less in older subjects than younger ones. These results, though indicating the mnemonic to be effective for young and old alike, suggest the development of encoding and retrieval deficits with age.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The functional relationship between artificial food colors and hyperactivity.

The presence of a functional relationship between the ingestion of artificial food colors and an increase in the frequency and/or duration of selected behaviors that are representative of the hyperactive behavior syndrome was experimentally investigated. Two eight-year-old females, who had been on the Feingold K-P diet for a minimum of 11 months, were the subjects studied. The experimental design was a variation of the BAB design, with double-blind conditions. This design allowed an experimental analysis of the placebo phases as well as challenge phases. Data were obtained by trained observers on Out of Seat, On Task, and Physically Aggressive behaviors, as they occurred in the subjects' regular class setting. Results indicated (a) the existence of a functional relationship between the ingestion of artificial food colors and an increase in both the duration and frequency of hyperactive behaviors, (b) the absence of a placebo effect, and (c) differential sensitivity of the dependent variables to the challenge effects.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: a preliminary report.

A new Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) designed specifically for rating depression in the elderly was tested for reliability and validity and compared with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRS-D) and the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). In constructing the GDS a 100-item questionnaire was administered to normal and severely depressed subjects. The 30 questions most highly correlated with the total scores were then selected and readministered to new groups of elderly subjects. These subjects were classified as normal, mildly depressed or severely depressed on the basis of Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) for depression. The GDS, HRS-D and SDS were all found to be internally consistent measures, and each of the scales was correlated with the subject's number of RDC symptoms. However, the GDS and the HRS-D were significantly better correlated with RDC symptoms than was the SDS. The authors suggest that the GDS represents a reliable and valid self-rating depression screening scale for elderly populations.

Aged↗