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Biomedical subjects

T Kuwabara

Publications and source records attributed to T Kuwabara.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Serum tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) in patients with urogenital cancer].

We measured the serum TPA level in 260 patients with benign urogenital diseases, 189 patients with urogenital cancer and 72 healthy blood donors by using a radio-immunoassay kit in order to evaluate its usefulness as an indicator for the presence of cancer. TPA value (mean +/- 2SD) in healthy blood donors was in the range of 36.8-110.8 units per liter, so that values higher than 110 U/L were considered to be abnormal. Significantly higher serum TPA levels were observed in patients with non-treated cancers, compared to healthy blood donors. But elevated serum TPA levels were also observed in the patients with benign diseases, especially in cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia with urinary tract infection. Consequently, it is considered that the serum TPA test is very useful for detecting urogenital diseases, but not for screening urogenital cancer. In cases of urogenital cancer, serum TPA levels elevated significantly by recurrence or recrudescence of the disease. Therefore, a good correlation was established between serum TPA and the efficiency of a given therapy in patients with prostatic cancer and bladder cancer.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1984

[Effects of infusion of cis-platinum into the bronchial artery in lung cancer].

5 patients with histologically and/or cytologically confirmed lung cancer were treated with Cis-platinum (CDDP) infused into the bronchial artery (BAI). 2 patients with squamous cell carcinoma disclosed hypervascular type and 3 patients with adenocarcinoma demonstrated avascular or hypovascular type on bronchial arterial angiography. All patients showed more than 20% shrinkage of the tumor shadow on chest X-ray taken 2 weeks after BAI and were evaluated to be radiologically effective by Takeuchi's criteria. One patient with squamous cell carcinoma who underwent lobectomy after BAI with 100 mg of CDDP showed grade III histological effects by Shimosato's criteria. The other patient had superior vena cava syndrome and showed regression of a tumor which occluded the orifice of the right upper and showed lobe after BAI with 100 mg of CDDP. By of contrast, only 1 out of the 3 patients with adenocarcinoma who under went resection showed a grade IIa histological effect after BAI with 50 mg of CDDP. Side effects included mild gastrointestinal toxicity in 1 out of the 5 patients. In conclusion, BAI with CDDP was shown to be sufficiently useful as a chemotherapeutic modality for lung cancer, especially for patients with squamous cell carcinoma, because higher local doses can be delivered without systemic toxicity.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

[Treatment of recurrent gliomas].

In operation for gliomas, it is our principle to remove extensively by sucker dissection technique. But, in many cases, we cannot achieve total removal because of invasion of tumor cells into the deep or vital structure. Postoperatively we apply irradiation, chemotherapy and immunotherapy in every cases. Even after multimodality treatment, recurrence may be inevitable. In order to check the recurrence as early as possible, we took follow-up CT scan regularly. When the recurrence appeared on CT scan, we actively performed reoperation. In this paper, we present characteristics of follow-up CT scan and result of the reoperation. Since introduction of CT scan in 1977, we have followed 30 supratentorial malignant gliomas and 16 supratentorial low grade gliomas postoperatively. CT scan was taken in every three months to check the course of contrast enhancement. After removal of the tumor, round low density area appeared on CT scan showing residual cavity. By contrast enhancement, various shape of high density area were seen. We divide the postoperative CT scan in 4 types by mode of contrast enhancement. In the type 1, enhanced area was persistent around the low density area. In the type 2, enhanced area was present around the low density area just after operation, but gradually disappeared. In the type 3, no enhanced area was present. In the type 4, dissemination occurring late after operation. Among the malignant gliomas, 12 cases belonged to the type 1, 6 cases to the type 2, 10 cases to the type 3, and 2 cases to the type 4. Among the low grade gliomas, 3 cases belonged to the type 1, 2 cases to the type 2, and 9 cases to the type 3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Chemotherapy for experimental subarachnoid dissemination model of brain tumor].

Chemotherapy was applied for experimental subarachnoid dissemination model of brain tumor which was established in male Wister-SPF (SLC) rats inoculated intracisternally with 2 X 10(5) C6 rat glioma cells. Nontreated animals died about 24 days after inoculation. Autopsy findings of the animals showed localized or multifocal invasion of the tumor on leptomeninges in cisterna magna, and partially infiltration into the parenchyma of the cerebellum and medulla oblongata. Three days after inoculation, the tumor deposition and proliferation already occurred. Several tumor cell layers were found in the subarachnoid space over the cerebellomedullary surface. Tumor bearing animals were at first treated by single agent. These are ACNU administered intraperitoneally, methotrexate administered intracisternally, and OK-432 administered intraperitoneally. In the next stage, combination of these drugs was applied. ACNU, 3 mg/kg i. p., on Day 3, was effective in elongation of median survival time by 23.6%, statistically significant (P less than 0.02). Methotrexate, 0.25 mg/kg i.th., on Day 3, was also effective in elongation of median survival time by 8.4%, statistically significant (P less than 0.05). OK-432, 0.1 KE/kg i. p., daily, 14 times, from Day 3 to Day 16, was ineffective in elongation of median survival time. Combination of ACNU, methotrexate and OK-432, in the same schedule as described above, produced the longest median survival time of 42.4%, statistically significant (P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Prevention and reversal of galactose cataract in rats with topical Sorbinil.

Rats fed a 50% galactose diet were treated topically in one eye with 1% Sorbinil . The eye treated with Sorbinil remained clear during the following 4-week period. Unexpectedly, the lens of the untreated eye also maintained transparency. Histologically both lenses remained normal. Moreover, the reduced dulcitol levels in the lenses of both eyes were identical. These findings suggest that the effect of topically administered Sorbinil in galactosemic rats was mainly systemic rather than local. Confirmation of this came from the observations that the extent of inhibition of polyol synthesis in these rats was found to be similar in the sciatic nerve, blood, and lens. A reversal of the galactose cataracts also was affected by Sorbinil eye drop treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Estimation of rate of growth of malignant brain tumors by computed tomography scanning.

The growth rate of malignant gliomas was estimated by serial computed tomography scanning. The actual tumor doubling time was determined by calculating the change in tumor volume on the scans. Eleven malignant gliomas were assessed by this method. The actual tumor doubling times of malignant gliomas ranged from 15.0 to 21.1 days, averaged 19.5 +/- 1.9 days, and showed no significant variation according to histopathologic differences. By determining the tumor doubling time in this manner, the growth rate of a tumor can be assessed. The efficacy of treatment and subsequent prognosis in malignant brain tumors can be predicted more accurately by estimation of the growth rate. The clinical application of the growth rate of malignant gliomas is presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Rabbit brain tumor model].

We have established the rabbit brain tumor model. The domestic rabbits (Japanese White) inplanted the VX2 rabbit epidermoid carcinoma cell were died within three weeks after the inplantation. These brains showed massive brain tumor remarkably infiltrating into the surrounding brain. The flowcytometry of intracerebral VX2 tumor revealed a monopeak at the 2C and relatively large amount of S-phase cells. We think that this brain tumor model is more convenient for the combination treatment with operation and chemotherapy, because the rabbit brain is larger and intravenous injection is more easy than the rat or mouse.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Aldose reductase localization in human retinal mural cells.

A hallmark of early diabetic retinopathy is the selective loss of the retinal mural cells (pericytes) from vessels. Using antibodies prepared against purified human placental aldose reductase, the presence of the enzyme aldose reductase can be demonstrated immunohistochemically in the cytoplasm of retinal mural cells of trypsin-digested human retinal vessels. This enzyme, which reduces various hexose sugars to their sugar alcohols, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diabetic complications.

Aldehyde Reductase↗
PubMed1983

Involvement of the pineal gland in rats with experimental autoimmune uveitis.

Pineal glands of rats with experimentally induced autoimmune uveitis (EAU) were studied histologically. Inflammatory changes, characterized by mononuclear infiltration, were found in the pineal glands of one-third of the Lewis rats that developed EAU by active immunization with S-antigen. No changes in the pineal gland were observed in AVN rats which are "low responders" for EAU and did not develop ocular disease. Frequency and severity of both pineal gland and ocular involvement clearly were elevated by intravenous injection of Bordetella pertussis along with the S-antigen immunization; all B. pertussis-treated rats of both Lewis and AVN strains developed pineal and ocular changes. Inflammatory changes of the pineal gland also were found in rats in which EAU was induced passively by transfer of lymphocytes from S-antigen-immunized donors. The frequency of involvement of the pineal gland was found to be lower than that of the retinas in rats where EAU was induced by active immunization or by adoptive transfer of lymphocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Electron microscopic study of aberrant lipogenesis in the cornea.

Aberrant lipogenesis is a protective reaction of cells by synthesis of triglycerides utilizing abnormally present oleic acid. In order to elucidate cytologic details of this phenomenon, a small amount of sodium oleate was injected into the corneal stroma of the rabbit, and the fat-forming cells were examined by electron microscopy. When tritiated oleate was used, the cytoplasm of the stroma cells in the vicinity of the injection site became diffusely radioactive immediately following the injection. The radioactivity was gradually concentrated in fat droplets. The cytoplasm of the corneal stroma, which contains relatively sparse micro-organelles, began to form small, slightly electron-dense spaces measuring 300-1000 A in diameter in the matrix, without correlation to any micro-organelle. These spaces never became radioactive. They may be the site of glyceride formation. These spaces became membrane-bound oil droplets measuring 500-100 A in diameter within 6 hours. The number and size of oil droplets increased for a few days and remained intracellular for a long period of time without causing any degenerative effect to the cell. The fatty substance had been proven to be mainly triglycerides in the earlier studies. Some longstanding fat droplets developed a few myelin figures. These lamellar membranes were heavily incorporated with the radioactive oleate.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Membrane structure of corneal epithelium: freeze-fracture observation.

Cytological details of the corneal epithelium were studied with special emphasis on the structure of the cell membrane. Normal corneas of various animals were fixed in a 4% solution of glutaraldehyde and divided into two portions. One-half was frozen with Freon 22 and freeze-fractured in frontal and sagittal directions using a Balzer instrument. The other half was examined by transmission electron microscopy. The general appearance of the split cell membrane of the corneal epithelium was similar to that of other membranes. Besides the characteristic structure of the fractured cell membrane at desmosomes, gap junctions and hemidesmosomes, the cell membrane demonstrated many "bumps and hollows" type configurations measuring 70-80 nm in diameter. This structure is known to be commonly associated with micropinocytotic vesicles and cellular pores. Careful examination of transmission electron micrographs of the corneas of the animals in this study revealed that the number of micropinocytotic vesicles was far greater than previously noted. Pinocytosis was most abundant in the basal cell and decreased toward the superficial layers. Cluster distribution of pinocytosis was frequently demonstrated in the basal cell. In addition, abundant pinocytosis was frequently demonstrated in the basal cell. Also, abundant pinocytosis was present in the cell membrane surrounding nerve fibers which occasionally reached the superficial layer. It was found that numerous nerve fibers pierce through the cytoplasm of the basal cell, in addition to running through the normal intercellular spaces. These findings may be of certain significance in the explanation of transport of fluid through the epithelium and innervation of the cornea.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[31P-NMR analysis of high energy phosphorous compounds (ATP and phosphocreatine) in the living rat brain--effects of halothane anesthesia and a hypoxic condition].

31phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR) measurements have provided new and valuable insights for studying the metabolism of living systems. The aim of this paper is to introduce a technique of application of 31P-NMR measurements using a surface coil method, and to discuss the effects of halothane anesthesia and hypoxic hypoxia on the energetic metabolism of intact rat brains. All measurements were made using a JEOL FX 270 spectrometer with a super conducting magnet of 54-mm bore diameter. The magnetic field intensity of this machine is 6.3 tesla, and the resonance frequency used for 31P was 109.14 MHz. We remodelled an ordinary probe to take a live rat, and the animals were made to inhale anesthetic halothane or mixture of oxygen and nitrogen at various concentrations controlled by a flow regulator. The best conditions for measurements with our surface coil method were determined in this study as follows: (1) 90 degrees pulse width and selectivity, Fig. 1 shows signal selectivity in depthwise direction changed with 90 degrees pulse width, which was set to 20 microseconds. (2) Sensitivity and resolution; To obtain a spectrum of 31P-NMR from a rat brain 500 accumulations of free induction decays were considered suitable for both time and space resolution. Fig. 2 shows variations of signal intensity with pulse repetition time, which was set to 2 sec. It took about 17 min for averaging to get a spectrogram. (3) Quantitative accuracy and qualification; As shown in Fig. 3, a linear relationship was found between the signal intensity of beta-phosphate of ATP and the concentration of ATP solutions, thus proving the quantitative accuracy of our systems.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1983

Cataract in gyrate atrophy: clinical and morphologic studies.

The clinical appearance of the cataract in nine phakic patients with gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina is described. The gross and microscopic examination of three cataractous lenses removed from patients 31 years to 47 years of age is reported. Clinically, the lens opacities appeared primarily along the confluence of the sutures posteriorly, interfering with vision because of their location in the visual axis. Histologically the region of the posterior sutures was filled with liquified and degenerated lens material typical of senile cataractous changes. By the second decade, cataract is a uniform finding in patients with gyrate atrophy and appears to be unique as compared with cataracts associated with other forms of retinal degeneration.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Neoplastic cardiac tamponade].

Pericardial metastases are frequently found and often cause cardiac tamponade which requires emergency treatment. Pericardiocentesis or subxiphoid pericardiotomy and pericardial drainage can be performed; the latter is a safe and effective method for the management of continuous pericardial effusion since it can be done under direct visualization and local anesthesia. We had four patients with neoplastic cardiac tamponade who were treated successfully with subxiphoid pericardiotomy and pericardial drainage. In three of them neoplasms had not been found until cytology of pericardial fluid proved to be malignant when they were attacked by cardiac tamponade. If the patient with malignancy is attacked by cardiac tamponade, subxiphoid pericardiotomy and pericardial drainage should be performed considering neoplastic cardiac tamponade. We have described pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of neoplastic cardiac tamponade.

Adult↗