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Biomedical subjects

T Kuwabara

Publications and source records attributed to T Kuwabara.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Induction of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis by T-cell lines.

Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis was induced in genetically susceptible Lewis rats by passive transfer of T-lymphocyte cell lines from long-term cultures primed against soluble retinal antigen (S-Ag). A continuous T-cell line was established from non-adherent lymph node cells of S-Ag-immunized Lewis rats. The lymphoid cells were propagated in vitro by serially restimulating them with S-Ag in the presence of irradiated syngeneic spleen cells and expanding them in IL-2-containing media. The cell lines exhibited markers specific for T lymphocytes and the majority had the helper phenotype. When naïve rats were inoculated intravenously with anti S-Ag T-cell lines re-exposed to the antigen prior to injection, they developed uveoretinitis with both clinical and histological characteristics in half the time required by S-Ag to induce the disease by active immunization. The rats exhibited a delayed hypersensitivity skin reaction towards S-Ag.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Uveoretinitis and pinealitis induced by immunization with interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein.

Rats immunized with microgram amounts of interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP), a glycoprotein which localizes specifically in the eye and pineal gland, developed uveoretinitis and pinealitis. The severity and onset of changes were found to be dose-related and to be enhanced by B. pertussis bacteria. In general, the inflammatory changes induced by IRBP resembled those provoked by S-antigen (S-Ag), but significant differences were noted between the two diseases. The possible usefulness of the new experimental autoimmune disease is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Histopathology of abnormalities of the anterior chamber with glaucoma.

Neural crest cells give rise to all connective tissues anterior to the lens epithelium including corneal stromal cells, corneal and trabecular mesothelial cells, iris stromal cells, and iris melanophores. These cells constitute a continuous layer which extends from the corneal mesothelium to trabecular meshwork mesothelium and onto the anterior surface of the iris. Between the seventh and eighth month of gestation in man, the layer of cells loses its continuity. The present case suggests a defective terminal induction of a particular structural component of the angle derived from neural crest resulting in massive congenital adhesions in the anterior chamber angle. The persistence of a layer of abnormal cells lining the anterior chamber structures further reinforces the presence of defective mesothelial cells. Additional cases having such clinicopathologic correlation may provide further insight into this hypothesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Surgical approach for jugular foramen neurinoma--combined suboccipital and infralabyrinthine approach using a rotatable head holder].

A 36-year-old male with jugular foramen neurinoma was operated upon using a rotatable head holder, which enables the surgeon to rotate the patient's head at any time during the procedure and to gain access in multiple directions to the tumor. The tumor was situated primarily in the jugular foramen and showed partial extension into intracranial as well as into extracranial space. The patient was placed in the lateral position with a rotatable head holder, which allows rotation of the patient's head with the range of 10 degrees face up to 80 degrees face down from the horizontal plane. A linear skin incision was made, beginning behind the auricle and extending along the anterior margin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, and the sternocleidomastoid muscle was divided just below the tip of the mastoid process. During mastoidectomy and suboccipital craniectomy, the patient's head was rotated 15 degrees face down and sigmoid sinus was exposed toward the jugular foramen, meanwhile the posterior fossa dura mater was opened and the intracranial portion of the tumor was removed with the head positioned 45 degrees-60 degrees face down. The patient's head is then turned 30 degrees face down and the facial canal was opened to displace the facial nerve forward. This oblique posterior approach minimized facial nerve displacement and provided excellent exposure of the large tumor rest which was situated mainly in the jugular foramen and partly extended extracranially. The rotatable head holder allows excellent access in multiple directions and is very helpful in approaching to jugular foramen neurinomas which grow primarily in the jugular foramen and extend both into intra- and extracranially.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Controlling precocious puberty--surgical excision of hypothalamic hamartoma causing precocious puberty].

Among the causes of precocious puberty, hypothalamic hamartoma comprises a small percentage. However, the frequency of precocious puberty in the presence of hypothalamic hamartoma is quite high. Recently, results of surgery in 14 cases of hypothalamic hamartoma were reported. Precocious puberty completely subsided in three cases and slight improvement was achieved in another three cases. We performed surgery in four patients with hypothalamic hamartomas, with the goal of decreasing the symptoms of precocious puberty. The patients were two females (aged 1 yr, 3 mo and 6 mo) and two males (aged 3 yr, 7 mo and 1 yr, 9 mo). The main symptoms were precocious puberty and mental retardation of varying degrees. The males had excessive growth of body and external genitalia, while the females had genital bleeding and premature breast development. In each case, computed tomographic scans disclosed a round, isodense mass in the interpeduncular cistern, attached to the base of the hypothalamus. Contrast enhancement was negative. Endocrinologically, in case 1, testosterone was 92.6 ng/ml, FSH was 16 mIU/ml, and LH was 2.2 mIU/ml. Although LH was within normal limits, it overresponded to LH-RH stimulation. In case 2, estrogen was 13.5 ng/day, LH was 5.2 mIU/ml, FSH was 5.3 mIU/ml, and LH showed an exaggerated response to LH-RH stimulation. In case 3, testosterone was 362 ng/ml, LH was 8.8 mIU/ml, FSH was 4.8 mIU/ml, and LH showed an abnormally high response to LH-RH stimulation. In case 4, LH was 18.4 mIU/ml, FSH was 12.0 mIU/ml, and both hormones were stimulated abnormally strongly by LH-RH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1985

Histologic changes in the inner retina of albino rats following intravitreal injection of monosodium L-glutamate.

Monosodium L-glutamate is known to cause intracellular swelling, necrosis, and disappearance of most inner retinal neurons, with concomitant thinning of inner retinal layers within hours after subcutaneous injection into neonatal rodents. A similar process can be observed in adult rat retina after intravitreal glutamate injection. To better describe and compare this process with that reported after systemic application, adult Sprague-Dawley rat eyes were intravitreally injected with 1 mumol monosodium L-glutamate and the retinas studied by LM and EM over a 2-month period. Results demonstrated that adult rat retina experienced severe degenerative changes which progressed in two stages: an initial stage of massive intracellular swelling and a second stage of necrosis and cell loss. Degeneration involved ganglion and inner nuclear layer cells. Inner retinal thickness decreased concurrently. By 2 months post-injection, degenerative changes in rod spherules and some loss of photoreceptor nuclei were observed. Both time course and severity of the lesion differed from that described in prior studies after systemic treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Histopathology of the subretinal fibrosis and uveitis syndrome.

A chorioretinal biopsy was obtained from a patient with subretinal fibrosis and chronic uveitis. The biopsy specimen was analyzed by conventional light and electron microscopy and by immunohistochemical methods. These demonstrated a markedly inflamed choroid with a predominance of B cells and plasma cells. Complement and IgG were deposited above Bruch's membrane. The subretinal fibrosis tissue contained islands of cells with retinal pigment epithelial characteristics; however, some of these cells demonstrated surface determinants of Müller cells. There were no circulating antiretinal antibodies detected nor could virus be cultured from the biopsy specimen. The clinical appearance of this entity is distinctive and consists of a chronic posterior uveitis with transient initial yellow-white deep retinal lesions and the later development of large white subretinal fibrotic areas. The EOG is markedly decreased. We hypothesize that the immunologic events involved in this entity include antibody production with immunoglobulin and complement deposition leading to retinal and retinal pigment epithelial destruction and a subretinal fibrous proliferation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Correlation between plasma fibrin-fibrinogen degradation product values and CT findings in head injury.

Plasma fibrin/fibrinogen degradation product (FDP) determinations and CT scans were performed in 26 patients on the first, third, and seventh day after head injury. Plasma FDP concentrations were increased in the patients with cerebral contusion shown on CT scans, while the plasma FDP values were normal in the patients with various sized epidural haematomas. Furthermore, the plasma FDP elevation appeared to be more marked and more prolonged in the patients with severe contusion than in those with mild contusion. These findings suggest that the degree of the increase in plasma FDP is proportional to the amount of brain tissue destruction.

Brain Concussion↗
PubMed1985

Long-term culture of Muller cells from adult rats in the presence of activated lymphocytes/monocytes products.

A method for the culture of retinal Muller cells from adult rats is described. Whereas isolated Muller elements did not grow in a medium composed of MEM + 10% FBS, the addition of supernatant from mitogen activated spleen cells induced a strong proliferative response. The factor(s) responsible for that growth were not species specific, as mouse spleen cells conditioned medium was also an effective stimulant. The highly significant degree of DNA synthesis induced by the supernatant from an S-antigen specific T-helper cell line (reacting to the retinal antigen presented on APC) indicates that the growth promoting activity is not restricted to mitogen driven spleen cells. It is suggested that products of inflammatory cells secreted in the course of intraocular immune processes may contribute to the formation of epiretinal membranes. These products also induced the expression of Ia surface antigens by Muller cells, supporting the hypothesis of a possible involvement in local immune reactions.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Hypothalamic hamartoma successfully treated by operation. Case report.

An 18-month-old boy was diagnosed as having a hypothalamic hamartoma. When he was 1 year old, he developed precocious puberty, and at 18 months old, endocrinological tests revealed abnormally high follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone levels. The center of the hamartoma was subtotally excised, as confirmed on the postoperative computerized tomography scan. Precocious puberty subsided after the operation.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

Zygomatic approach for lesions in the interpeduncular cistern.

Lesions in the interpeduncular cistern include basilar tip aneurysms, craniopharyngiomas, and chordomas. The surgical approach to these lesions presents a special technical problem, particularly when they are located high in the interpeduncular fossa. For the purpose of minimizing brain retraction and achieving excellent exposure within the interpeduncular cistern, the authors have developed a new surgical technique which involves detachment of the zygomatic arch. The patient is placed in the supine position with the head rotated 45 degrees to the contralateral side and tilted down 30 degrees so that the surgeon can see into the interpeduncular cistern obliquely from below. The zygomatic arch of the temporal bone as well as a portion of the lateral orbital rim (the posterior ridge of the frontal process of the zygomatic bone) is removed to expose the anterior temporal base. With posterior retraction of the temporal lobe, the arachnoid membranes covering the Sylvian stem are opened in a retrograde fashion until the tentorial edge is sufficiently exposed. The posterior communicating artery and the optic tract are elevated to enter the interpeduncular cistern, after which the oculomotor nerve is dissected free of its surrounding arachnoid membranes and displaced posteroinferiorly. Two patients with basilar tip aneurysms were operated on with this zygomatic approach, and a subtemporal modification of the zygomatic approach was used to treat a craniopharyngioma and a chordoma in two other patients. The procedure is described and a short description of its clinical use is given.

Basilar Artery↗
PubMed1985

[The clinicopathological effects of infusion of cis-platinum into the bronchial artery on lung cancer].

Ten patients with histologically and/or cytologically confirmed lung cancer were treated with cis-platinum (CDDP) infused into the bronchial artery (BAI). Radiological findings on chest X-rays taken two weeks after BAI were evaluated according to Takeuchi's criteria. The radiological results were judged to be quite effective in one case of squamous cell carcinoma, with more than 50% shrinkage of the tumor shadow, and to be effective in nine others, with more than 20% shrinkage. As for the histological effects, grade III in one case of squamous cell carcinoma and grade IIa in two cases of adenocarcinoma and one of large cell carcinoma were obtained by Shimosato's criteria. In conclusion, BAI with CDDP was sufficiently useful as a chemotherapeutic modality for lung cancer, especially squamous cell carcinoma, because higher local dosage of CDDP can be delivered without systemic toxicity.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1985

[Results of surgical treatment for large cell carcinoma of the lung].

Twenty-six patients with histologically confirmed large cell carcinoma of the lung were evaluated. The overall five-year survival of these cases was 19.9%. Fifteen patients who had undergone surgical resection, excluding one operative death, had a five-year survival rate of 33.8%. None of the nonresected cases survived more than six months after the beginning of treatment. Among prognostic factors in surgical treatment of large cell carcinoma, survival correlated well with clinical stage, extent of lymph-node metastasis, curative resection and histological subtypes. As for histological subtypes, stratified subtype by division of nongiant cell carcinoma revealed poorer prognosis than that of nonstratified subtype and appeared to have some correlation with the frequency of vascular invasion by the tumor. From the clinical viewpoint, giant cell carcinoma should be regarded as a distinct clinical entity. Two cases, however, had benefit of long-term survival due to surgical modality. The clinicopathological analysis of those cases remains to be resolved in the future.

Adult↗