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Biomedical subjects

T Kunieda

Publications and source records attributed to T Kunieda.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Respiratory dysfunction following acute and chronic pump failure of the heart.

In order to explore pulmonary dysfunction originating in cardiac decompensation, acquired heart diseases were classified into three selected categories; chronic compensated heart, chronic decompensated heart and acute decompensated heart with severe alveolar edema. Pathophysiology in each category was investigated. Hemodynamic variables were measured by cardiac catheterizations and a variety of pulmonary functions based on respiratory physiology were studied. Severe alveolar edema due to acute pump failure of the heart revealed a significant inverse correlation between PaO2 and PaCO2 indicating the appearance of decreased effective alveolar ventilation with markedly decreased PaO2. A-aDO2 remained still high despite a complete resolution of alveolar edema. There are some possibilities that pulmonary dysfunction might be accelerated by repetition of acute cardiac decompensation in chronic heart diseases. Chronic pulmonary involvements caused by chronically decompensated heart must be stressed most important for comprehensive treatments of cardiac pump failure. Lung volumes considerably decreased but ordinarily there was no obvious airflow obstruction in the large central airways. Chronic compromised lung with giant left atrium, however, showed appreciable decrease in FEV1% (FEV1/FVC), MMF, V50 and V25, indicating an apparent evidence of both central and peripheral airway obstructions. Patients with CTR over 70% were more seriously involved with a significant reduction in lung volumes in addition to total airway obstructions. Under these situations an inverse correlation between PaO2 and PaCO2 in chronic decompensated heart was observed showing a contrast difference in chronic compensated heart.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Relationship between lymphocytic cytotoxicity and phytohemagglutinin-induced lymphoblastogenesis before and after surgical tumor excision: an experimental study.

Experimental study was performed on changes in lymphocytic cytotoxicity and phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-lymphoblastogenesis after surgical tumor excision and on a possibility of estimating antitumor immunocompetence based on the latter parameter, using 3-methyl-cholanthrene-induced mammary cancer, MRMT-1, of SD rats. When the tumor was excised at 2 weeks after inoculation, cytotoxicity showed, after a transient rise, a marked reduction at 4 weeks postoperatively in the cases of postoperative negative metastasis, while it showed a high peak at 3 weeks postoperatively, followed by a sharp descent, in the cases of postoperative positive metastasis. On the other hand, PHA-lymphoblastogenesis was found to recover a relatively high level postoperatively, in the cases of both negative and positive metastases. It appears to be difficult to estimate specific cytotoxicity from PHA-blastogenesis, but both are useful, in complementary fashion, to estimate the antitumor immunocompetence.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Effects of pulmonary hemodynamics on lung function in adult patients with atrial septal defect.

To clarify the relationship of pulmonary function with differing severity of atrial septal defect (ASD) and to assess the effects of pulmonary hemodynamics on these functions, we classified 101 patients with adult ASD by their pulmonary arterial mean pressure (PAm) and pulmonary blood flow (Qp), and compared details of pulmonary functions between pairs of groups. Classification was by drawing lines at the PAm of 20 mmHg and the Qp of 10 L/min. Group I was the low pressure-low flow group, Group II the low pressure-high flow group, Group III the high pressure-low flow group, and Group IV the high pressure-high flow group. Vital capacity as the percentage of predicted (%VC) was low in Groups III and IV. There were no significant differences in the ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity (FEV1%), flow at 25% forced vital capacity and closing volume as the percentage of predicted (%V25, %CV/VC) between each group. Both maximum midexpiratory flow rate and flow rate at 50% forced vital capacity as the percentage of predicted (%MMEF, %V50) in Group III with the most severe ASD, were significantly low. Pulmonary diffusing capacities for carbon monoxide as the percentage of predicted (%DLco) exceeded 100% in all groups, and tended to decrease with increases of PAm without relation to Qp. Pulmonary dysfunctions in adult ASD were mainly due to restrictive changes accompanied by obstructive change in proportion to the decrease of VC. Peripheral airway obstructions are mild in ASD and these might be caused by lower pressure of left atrium and no existence of pulmonary venous congestion in ASD, even in the most severe group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

On the pathway of the rectosphincteric reflex.

In several rat models, including those with circular and semicircular rectal aganglionosis, the rectosphincteric reflex was examined. The reflex was confirmed to be essentially an intramural one and its route is considered to run mainly in the longitudinal and partly in the oblique directions.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1984

Facilitation of tumor metastasis by operative stress and participation of cell-mediated immunity. Experimental study.

5-week-old syngeneic female SD rats were inoculated subcutaneously at the dorsal flank with 200 mg of a metastasizing rat's mammary tumor, MRMT-1. A significantly higher incidence of lung metastasis was observed in the cases in which tumor excision on day 14 was accompanied by 30 min laparotomy than in the cases of simple tumor excision. PHA lymphoblastogenesis on day 17 was significantly lower in the cases of tumor excision plus laparotomy on day 14 than in the cases of simple tumor excision. Winn's assay using splenocytes revealed a postoperative enhanced suppressor activity in the cases undergoing laparotomy stress. Possible participation of the raised suppressor activity to facilitation of metastasis was discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease in an elderly man: case report and review of the literature.

A 75-year-old man complaining of dyspnea and having sings of postcapillary pulmonary hypertension was diagnosed as pulmonary veno-occlusive disease and confirmed at autopsy. This is the oldest case ever reported. Almost all the small veins 2 mm or less in external diameter were partially or nearly completely occluded by intimal fibrous tissue, and the obstructive changes in the pulmonary arteries were much more limited. Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease is a rare, almost inevitably fatal disease of unknown etiology which has only recently been separated clearly from primary pulmonary hypertension as a distinct entity. Chest roentgenogram finding suggesting postcapillary pulmonary hypertension is a clue to a diagnosis and differentiates this from two other causes of clinical primary pulmonary hypertension, that is, recurrent pulmonary embolism and plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Pathophysiologic features of pulmonary thromboembolism in man.

The current study was done to clarify the recent trend of clinical pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) in Japan. The time has long passed since thromboembolic diseases of the lung were rare in our country. We have experienced, however, twenty-four clinically manifested patients with PTE during the past two years. Although a number of symptoms and findings have been reported to facilitate the diagnosis, they were for the most part nonspecific and therefore nondiagnostic. Combined perfusion and ventilation scans showing a perfusion defect with normal ventilation were reported to be useful for diagnosis of PTE, but a special attention should be paid to the fact that a massive perfusion defect was accompanied by decreased ventilation of the affected lung. From a pathophysiologic study, an exertional dyspnea associated with increased A-aDO2 and also increased a-ETDCO2 in patients without apparent pulmonary consolidation on their chest roentgenogram was strongly suggestive of PTE. A-aDO2 and a-ETDCO2 were shown to be variables independent to each other. a-ETDCO2 was valuable for clinical diagnosis with direct evidence of high VA/Q units resulting from occluded pulmonary arteries. On the other hand, A-aDO2 which was once elevated in the acute stage of PTE was decreased according to the recovery with a close linear correlation to the actual perfusion defect and was a sensitive indicator suggestive of resolved emboli. A-aDO2 was considered to provide measures of the active severity of PTE unlike a-ETDCO2.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Quantitative evaluation of fatty liver by computed tomography in rabbits.

Biochemical, histologic, and computed tomographic (CT) examinations of the liver were performed in 32 rabbits in which fatty liver was induced by prolonged intravenous fat infusion. In two groups of rabbits, in which 2 and 4 g/kg/day of fat emulsion was administered, respectively, posttreatment reduction in CT value of mild degree was observed, but the reduction was insignificant from the standpoint of diagnosis from CT images. In the group that received 8 g/kg/day of fat emulsion, posttreatment change in CT value was -14.9 +/- 5.1 H, a sufficient reduction for a diagnosis of fatty liver of moderate degree. No significant change in CT value was seen in the no-treatment group or in the group in which 80 ml/kg/day of normal saline solution was infused for 4 weeks. Reduction in CT value in fatty liver might be due largely to accumulation of triglyceride and cholesterol in the liver cells. Significant correlation was found between changes in CT value of the liver and degrees of histologic fat accumulation in the liver cells. Consecutive measurement of CT values of the liver during prolonged intravenous hyperalimentation is a nonaggressive method of diagnosing fatty liver.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Clinical studies on preoperative nonspecific immunological parameters and radical operation in stomach cancer].

Ratio of IgG Fc receptor positive T (Fc R(+) T) cell, PHA-induced blastogenesis and serum alpha 2-globulin ratio were examined in 90 preoperative cases with gastric cancer and were analyzed according to various stages of cancer and compared with normal controls. Moreover, on the basis of correlations among these parameters, operative radicality and prognosis were discussed. Fc R(+) T cell ratio was significantly elevated. PHA- blastogenesis was significantly reduced. Alpha 2-globulin ratio tended to increase as the stage progressed. A significant negative correlation was found between Fc R(+) T cell ratio and PHA- blastogenesis. In a scattergram indicating this correlation, the group of noncurative resection or exploratory laparotomy was divided into two areas, B1 and B2. The group of curative resection (A1) was located between B1 and B2, and the normal control group was located in the area common to B1 and A1, Cases succumbing to cancer within one year postoperatively were found to accumulate either in the area B2 or in the area B1 minus the area common with A1. No significant correlation was found between Fc R(+) T cell ratio and alpha 2-globulin ratio. However in a scatter gram, the almost same relationship between these three groups was noted. Thus it has suggested that postoperative prognosis (at least for two years) is good in cases which an immunological harmony among these parameters is maintained preoperatively.

Adult↗