Biomedical subjects

T Kumazawa

Publications and source records attributed to T Kumazawa.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources

PubMed1993

The determination of phospholipids in middle ear effusion from experimental otitis media in the chinchilla.

Phospholipid types were clarified both in eustachian tube secretion (ETS) and middle ear effusions (MEEs) from chinchilla middle ear. ETS was obtained from normal healthy animals and from animals with experimentally induced purulent otitis media (POM). MEE was obtained from experimentally induced serous and purulent otitis media (SOM and POM). In normal ETS, phosphatidylcholine (36.4%) was predominant followed by phosphatidylethanolamine (30.6%), sphingomyelin (18.0%), phosphatidylinositol (7.2%), phosphatidylglycerol (8.8%) and phosphatidylserine (2.5%). A significant loss of phosphatidylcholine was observed in ETS and MEE from experimentally induced otitis media. These findings suggest that both POM and SOM might be caused by a relative decrease of phospholipids, which is a major component of surfactants. Furthermore, the analysis of phospholipids in MEE may yield baseline information necessary to specify the factors responsible for chronicity or the tendency of recurrence of otitis media.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Effects of topical capsaicin on autonomic nerves in experimentally-induced nasal hypersensitivity. An immunocytochemical study.

Effects of capsaicin on autonomic nerves in the nasal mucosa and olfactory bulb of toluene diisocyanate sensitized guinea pigs were studied using immunocytochemistry. In the nasal mucosa, substance P (SP)- and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-like immunoreactive (SPI and THI) fibers seemed to decrease after capsaicin application. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-like immunoreactive (CGRPI) fibers did not show obvious alterations. In the olfactory bulb, SPI and CGRPI fibers were few and the effects of capsaicin on those fibers were difficult to evaluate. THI fibers seemed not to be affected by capsaicin. It is suggested that capsaicin affects not only sensory nerves but that it also impacts on THI sympathetic nerves in the nasal mucosa.

Administration, Intranasal↗

PubMed1993

Beta adrenergic receptor inhibitory factor in serum of patients with nasal allergy.

Sera obtained from patients with perennial mite nasal allergy and Japanese cedar pollinosis were examined to identify "beta receptor inhibitory factor". This was done by evaluating the inhibition of 3H-dihydroalprenolol binding to guinea pig cerebral membrane. beta receptor binding was inhibited by preincubation with sera from 8 of 44 (18.1%) perennial allergy patients, whereas sera from 2 of 41 (4.9%) controls showed this inhibition. Sera from 6 of 41 pollenosis patients (14.6%) showed this inhibitory effect in the pollen season but not in other seasons. Serum from one such patient (2.4%) demonstrated this effect both in and out of the pollen season. Sera from 2 pollenosis patients inhibited the beta receptor function not in the pollen season, but in the off season. This inhibitory effect was eliminated by immunodepletion from the positive-inhibition serum. These findings identified circulating beta receptor inhibitory factor in a limited population of patients with nasal allergy indicating the possible pathogenetic role of this factor in the disturbance of the sympathetic nerve function. This beta receptor inhibitory effect may correspond to the anti beta receptor autoantibody which Venter postulated in 1980.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Functional disturbances of the autonomic nerve in nasal hyperreactivity: an up-date review.

During the 1980s, our view of airway hypersensitivity was altered significantly. Advances in biochemical techniques revealed involvement of several nonspecific events in nasal hyperreactivity: Autonomic dysfunction involving primary and/or secondary receptor disorders, epithelial damage by cytotoxic proteins in eosinophil, which is stimulated by inflammatory mediators, and an axonal reflex of sensory C fibers. Since 1983, we have neurobiochemically investigated the autonomic nerve dysfunction in the nasal mucosa of patients with nasal allergy and guinea pigs with experimentally-induced nasal hypersensitivity. We propose the following mechanisms as potential contributors to the disturbance of the beta receptor function in airway hyperreactivity: i) Down-regulation caused by excess endogenous norepinephrine stimulation, ii) down-regulation and uncoupling to adenylate cyclase, produced by the inflammatory mediator-induced activation of protein kinase C, iii) the action of beta receptor inhibitory factor, presumably anti beta receptor autoantibodies, and iv) dysfunction of beta receptor kinase, which is known to cause short-term desensitization of beta receptors after exposure to beta agonists. This review provides the anatomical and neurobiochemical background for the autonomic regulation and dysfunction in the nose. We also introduce our series of experiments and the above updated hypotheses of how functional disturbances of the autonomic nerve in the nasal mucosa may occur.

Autonomic Nervous System↗

PubMed1993

Subjective results of laser surgery for allergic rhinitis.

Inferior turbinates of 389 patients with perennial allergic rhinitis were vaporized by a defocused carbon dioxide (CO2) laser beam, using specially designed handpieces. This laser surgery can be done under local anesthesia as an outpatient procedure, with no pain or bleeding. One month after laser surgery, 78% of 389 patients had excellent or good results, while 21 had no improvement, subjectively. Seventy-two of 389 patients were followed for over 2 years, and 61 of the 72 had excellent or good results. Twenty-seven of the 72 cases need revaporization because of recurrence. Patients with relapse less than one year after surgery had little improvement in subjective symptoms, even after revaporization; while patients with relapse more than one year after surgery responded well, and long-term results were favorable. All things considered, laser surgery is an effective treatment for perennial allergic rhinitis.

Follow-Up Studies↗

PubMed1993

The usefulness of partial parotidectomy for benign parotid gland tumors. A retrospective study of 306 cases.

This retrospective study concerns benign parotid gland tumors in 306 Japanese patients who were treated by partial parotidectomy with preservation of the facial nerve. There were no recurrences in 112 with a pleomorphic adenoma in over a 5-year follow-up. Facial weakness and temporal paresis occurred in 18% of 232 patients and Frey's syndrome in 18% of 93 with longer than a 3-year follow-up. In comparison with reported results of lateral or superficial parotidectomy, partial parotidectomy with preservation of the facial nerve seems preferable for treatment of patients with a benign parotid gland tumor.

Facial Nerve Injuries↗

PubMed1993

Approach to the diagnosis of sialadenosis using sialography.

Since parotid swelling is the most informative symptom of sialadenosis, we examined parotid swelling with sialography as a means of diagnosing sialadenosis. An X-ray was taken from a fixed position relative to the body, using a focus film distance (FFD) of 70 cm. To determine an "index" of parotid swelling, the distance between the submandibular bone ridge and the end of the main duct was measured on X-ray. After examination of 30 normal parotids, abnormal swelling was defined as an "index" exceeding 1.9 cm. Sixteen of 24 patients suspected of having sialadenosis showed swelling exceeding 1.9 cm. Six of 7 patients who were histologically diagnosed with sialadenosis showed swelling in excess of 1.9 cm. Our method is reproducible and recurrence of parotid swelling correlating with sialadenosis can be objectively demonstrated. Furthermore, serum amylase levels in patients who were diagnosed with sialadenosis were measured before and after sialography. After sialography serum amylase levels increased remarkably higher than those of normal subjects. Thus if a patient with underlying diseases has an "index" over 1.9 cm and his serum amylase level after sialography increases remarkably, a diagnosis of sialadenosis is likely.

Amylases↗

PubMed1993

Kinetics of epidermal growth factor in saliva.

Human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) stimulates the growth and differentiation of various tissues. We measured EGF levels in saliva (n = 128), urine (n = 94), and serum (n = 99) with radioimmunoassay in order to study the kinetics of hEGF in saliva of normal subjects and patients with oral disease. Salivary EGF levels showed an apparent diurnal rhythm related to the taking of meals. Urinary and serum EGF levels showed no obvious diurnal rhythm. There was no significant correlation between salivary and urinary EGF levels, nor between salivary and serum EGF levels. Salivary EGF levels were significantly lower in the younger group (0-9 years old, 3.06 +/- 0.32 ng/ml, p < 0.05) than in the elder group (10-79 years old, 4.78 +/- 3.5 ng/ml), but did not correlate with age in the elder group. There was no significant difference between males and females between EGF levels in saliva, urine or serum. The relative proportion of EGF levels in submandibular gland saliva, parotid saliva, and whole saliva was 1:6:4. The positive rate of immunohistochemical EGF showed no significant differences between submandibular gland, parotid gland, sublingual gland or minor salivary gland. Salivary EGF levels were markedly low in patients with oral inflammations (stomatitis aphthosa, or peritonsillar abscess) or head and neck tumors (squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue, oral cavity, hypopharynx or larynx). These findings may be significant pathophysiologically. Low salivary EGF levels may reduce the capacity of oral mucosal defense mechanisms to fight against injury by physiochemical agents.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Head and neck reconstruction with microvascular tissue transfer and its surgical indications: our experiences. A review.

Microvascular tissue transfer has facilitated the primary closure of various complex defects after radical ablation of head and neck cancers. Recently, we have begun to use the forearm flap, osteocutaneous scapular flap, rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap, latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap and jejunal autografts for reconstruction of the head and neck region following cancer ablation and have recognized further evidence of the versatility of free grafts. In this paper, we describe the results of 69 cases between 1987 and 1991 and the operative indication for microvascular tissue transfer in the head and neck region.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Thyroid follicle transplantation by percutaneous injection.

We previously reported on the isolation of thyroid follicles from thyroid tissue and their acceptance after allogeneic transplantation under the renal capsule with laparotomy in mice. In the present study, we introduced a new method of autologous transplantation of thyroid follicles accepted in the hosts after percutaneous injection into the spleen or into fat tissue in the peritoneal cavity without laparotomy in rats. This method of thyroid transplantation by a single injection, which induces little stress in the host, is applicable to autologous and allogeneic transplantations and may release patients from the burden of daily life-long administration of thyroxine.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Inhibition of head and neck tumor cell colony growth by lymphokine activated killer cells.

The antiproliferative effect of lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells on head and neck tumor cells has not previously been elucidated. We studied the inhibitory effects of recombinant interleukin-2 activated lymphocytes on tumor colony formation in semisolid agar, using head and neck tumor cells prepared from established tumor cell lines (K562, HT29, HLaC78) and xenografted head and neck squamous cell carcinomas on nude mice (XKN, XLL, XFL, XKF). LAK cells demonstrated a significant inhibitory effect on colony formation. The effects of LAK cells on cultured tumor cell lines were evaluated in a dose dependent manner using effector: target ratios. In addition, the colony formation of tumor cells derived from xenografted nude mouse was inhibited by LAK cells. These results suggest that LAK cells generate an antiproliferative effect on head and neck tumor cells.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1993

Establishment of a cisplatin-resistant KB cell line and its characterization.

A KB cell line resistant to cisplatin (KB-rc cell) was successfully established by exposing KB cells to a gradually increasing dose of cisplatin in vitro. The concentration of cisplatin required for 50% inhibition of KB-rc cell proliferation was 1.0 micrograms/ml, while that of KB cells was 0.5 micrograms/ml. Studies of KB-rc cell kinetics after treatment with cisplatin, using flow cytometry, showed that the G2M phase block was inhibited on day 3, and that G0G1 phase cells started to increase on day 5. Therefore, cisplatin-resistance is related to inhibition of the G2M phase block. The decrease of KB-rc cell viability with cisplatin was accelerated by the addition of a Ca antagonist (verapamil) and S phase cells increased on day 3. Verapamil may therefore be useful for enhancement of the effect generated by cisplatin on cisplatin-resistant tumor cells.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗

PubMed1993

Experimental and clinical evaluation of DNA ploidy with use of double staining of keratin/DNA by flow cytometer in head and neck tumor.

As a basic study, an analysis was made, using flow cytometry (FCM), of a mixture of KB cells and lymphocytes after Propidium Iodide (PI)- Fluorescein Isothiocyanate (FITC) double strain. As a result, DNA histogram of only KB cells could be drawn. As a clinical application an analysis was made, using FCM, of tumor of the head and neck after double stain. It enabled the drawing of DNA histogram of only epithelial cells (cancer cells). Changes in DNA histogram of keratin positive cells were classified into three types: Type I: the same diploid type as whole cells, Type II: the same aneuploid type as them, and Type III: the different aneuploid type as them. Among 22 cases of malignant tumor there were 3 cases of Type I, 6 cases of Type II, and 13 cases of Type III. This method could contribute greatly to the detection of cancer cells and DNA diagnosis, and thus be useful clinically.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗

PubMed1993

Chemosensitivity testing of human mouth carcinoma cell line.

The chemosensitivity of KB cells derived from oral epidermal carcinoma to various antitumor agents was analyzed using the MTT[3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazoyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H tetrazolium bromide] assay. Optical density (OD) for MTT assay was measured with dual wavelengths. The chemosensitivity of the drugs was evaluated by the 50% OD (OD50) of each drug concentration in the control group. Five platinum (Pt) drugs and 3 anthracycline (AC) drugs were used in this study. The chemosensitivity differed among the 5 Pt drugs. No significant difference was observed among the 3 AC drugs. A linear increase in OD corresponding to an increase in number of cells was observed. When 0.1 M sodium succinate (S.S.) was added to 0.4% MTT, the sensitivity increased five-fold compared to the control group without S.S. The MTT assay is a precise, rapid, easy and inexpensive experimental system useful for evaluation of antitumor drug sensitivity on tumor cell lines.

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic↗

PubMed1993

Calcium mobilization in isolated cochlear spiral ganglion cells of the guinea pig.

Single cochlear spiral ganglion cells (SGCs) were isolated using enzymatic and mechanical techniques. Intracellular free calcium ion concentrations ([Ca2+]i) in the SGCs were measured using a digital imaging microscope and the Ca(2+)-sensitive fluorescence dye fura-2. In the presence of the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin (1 microM), there was an irreversible increase in [Ca2+]i. Depolarization by high K+ (150 mM) led to an increase in [Ca2+]i in SGCs, and this effect was reversible. The SGCs apparently possess voltage-gated calcium channels.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Sympathetic nerve disturbance and fine structure of adrenergic nerve terminals in nasal mucosa after experimentally-induced nasal hypersensitivity.

Electron microscopic observations were used to study the relation between the adrenergic nerve terminal and the effector cell in the nasal mucosa of toluene diisocyanate-sensitized and non-sensitized guinea pigs. Adrenergic nerve terminals were abundantly distributed in the adventitia of arterioles, however, no synapse formation was observed in smooth muscle cells of the mesothelium, i.e., effector cells. Adrenergic nerve terminals were observed separated from smooth muscle cells of the mesothelium of the arteriole by distances of 1000 A-3000 A. Neurotransmission by the sympathetic nerve in the nasal mucosa is assumed to be by diffusion of norepinephrine (NE) or by diffusive synaptic conduction. The mechanism of sympathetic hypofunction in the nasal mucosa in nasal hypersensitivity is assumed to be as follows: Released histamine directly stimulates H-1 receptors at the sympathetic nerve terminal, leading to the release of NE. Once released, NE is not readily reabsorbed, and is gradually depleted in the sympathetic nerve terminal, leading to hypofunction of the sympathetic nerve.

Adrenergic Fibers↗

PubMed1993

[Anesthetic management of a patient with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy under epidural anesthesia with high dose fentanyl].

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) is characterized by asymmetric hypertrophy of the intraventricular septum, causing intermittent obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract. General principles of management for HOCM include maintenance of adequate preload and afterload, and avoidance of tachycardia and increased myocardial contractility. A 57 year old male for subtotal gastrectomy and gastrojejunostomy received epidural anesthesia with epidural high dose fentanyl (0.5 mg) and 0.5% isoflurane with N2O and oxygen. Blood pressure and heart rate decreased mildly but were stable during the operation and during the recovery period from anesthesia without any complaints of pain. The results suggest that epidural high dose fentanyl anesthesia is a good method for patients with HOCM.

Anesthesia, Epidural↗

PubMed1993

Determination of some butyrophenones in body fluids by gas chromatography with surface ionization detection.

Haloperidol, moperone, pipamperone and bromperidol were found measurable with high sensitivity by gas chromatography (GC) with surface ionization detection (SID). The calibration curves using moperone as internal standard were linear in the range of 0.4-4 pmol on column for haloperidol, pipamperone, and bromperidol. The detection limit of the drugs was about 0.1 pmol on column. For their actual determination with forensic samples, a detailed procedure for their extraction from human whole blood and urine was established with Sep-Pak C18 cartridges. The recovery of the 4 drugs, which had been added to whole blood and urine, was more than 90%. Haloperidol in whole blood and urine of a schizophrenic patient, who had been administered with this drug (3 mg/day p.o.), could be quantitated by the present GC-SID, and the levels were 7.18 and 43.2 pmol/ml, respectively.

Butyrophenones↗