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Biomedical subjects

T Kumai

Publications and source records attributed to T Kumai.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Comparative studies on complications occurring during and after surgery in elderly patients with and without cardiovascular disorders].

Comparative studies of the differences in elderly patients with and without cardiovascular disorders were made in regard to complications occurring during and after operation. The subjects included 38 patients (6 men and 32 women) aged 70 to 99 years (mean: 84 years) at Nagoya City Kouseiin Geriatric Hospital who had orthopedic surgery under general anesthesia, between March 1990 and October 1992. Diseases identified in these subjects were sequelae of cerebrovascular disease (38 subjects), heart disease (22 subjects), hypertension (9 subjects), senile dementia (6 subjects), Parkinson's disease (5 subjects), malignant disease (3 subjects) and diabetes mellitus (2 subjects). They were initially divided into 2 groups according to ultrasonic cardiography: a normal group comprising 20 patients without cardiovascular abnormalities, and a disorder group comprising 18 patients with reduction of left ventricule function, left ventricular hypertrophy and/or valvular disease (more than moderate). All subjects were examined with regard to age, weight, the nutrition index proposed by Onodera, activity of daily living (ADL), cardiac output, left ventricular ejection fraction, serum level of BUN and albumin etc. Moreover, the disorder group subjects were divided into 2 groups according to the presence or absence of heart failure occurring after surgery. In addition to the above-mentioned, we also studied the duration of surgery and anesthesia, and water balance during and after surgery. Results showed that the ADL and nutrition index in the disorder group were lower compared to the normal group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Evaluation of blood flow in aortic aneurysm and dissection by cine magnetic resonance imaging].

The blood flow in aortic aneurysms and dissections was evaluated using cine MR imaging which depicts turbulent blood flow as a signal loss within a high-intensity blood pool or flowing blood. Six patients with 8 aortic aneurysms ranging 38 to 70 mm in diameter, and 16 patients with aortic dissections were imaged with a 0.5 or 1.5 T superconducting magnet using an ECG-gated fast field echo technique. Circulating flows were observed in 3 of 8 aortic aneurysms. This suggests that turbulent blood flow did not occur prominently in the relatively small aortic aneurysms imaged in this study. The false lumens were thrombosed in 2 of 16 aortic dissections. In 13 of the remaining 14 dissections jet flows were observed through the entry into the false lumen. In 2 of these cases the jet flows moved to and fro through the entry. The entry was not detected in a small abdominal aortic dissection. Re-entry was seen in one case. Using a spin-echo imaging technique, the entry can be diagnosed by detecting the interruption of the intimal flap and the flow void within the false lumen. However, the entry was more clearly depicted and the direction of blood flow better determined by cine MR imaging compared with the conventional spin-echo imaging technique. Cine MR imaging provides useful information about the blood flow in aortic aneurysms and dissections noninvasively.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Evaluation of arterial sclerosis by CT, MR imaging and MR angiography].

Wall thickening and intimal changes obtained by enhanced CT are early findings of aortic sclerosis. These findings are often detected in the lower abdominal aorta and middle thoracic descending aorta of normal subjects over 30 years of age, as predictors of atherosclerosis. Arterial calcification is a useful sign for evaluating atherosclerosis, especially, in the coronary arteries. The sensitivity and specificity of CT-detected coronary calcification in coronary stenosis by CAG were 76% and 80%, respectively, in our study. In the patients with atherosclerosis, MRI demonstrates wall thickening, intimal projection and narrowing of the lumen in the aorta and large arteries. MRA can be applied to more peripheral arteries, particularly, in the head and extremities, and will be available for screening of atherosclerotic disease in the near future.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Papaverine inhibits transcytotic vesicle transport and lipid excretion into bile in isolated perfused rat liver.

Papaverine is a nonspecific smooth muscle relaxant and a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Its effects on biliary excretion of lipids and horseradish peroxidase were investigated in a single-pass isolated perfused rat liver model. A constant infusion of papaverine (1.6 mumol/min; 40 mumol/L) significantly increased bile flow (microliters per minute per gram of liver) before (2.03 +/- 0.09 vs. 1.0 +/- 0.06) and after sodium taurocholate infusion (2.77 +/- 0.10 vs. 1.88 +/- 0.11). However, papaverine significantly and reversibly reduced biliary excretion of phospholipids and cholesterol (nanomoles per minute per gram of liver) after a 1.0 mumol/min sodium taurocholate infusion, from 7.45 +/- 0.83 and 1.42 +/- 0.15 to 1.75 +/- 0.18 and 0.39 +/- 0.06, respectively (p less than 0.01), whereas secretion of bile acids was unaffected. When a 1-min pulse of horseradish peroxidase (25 mg) was infused in isolated perfused rat liver after a continuous infusion of N6,O-2'-dibutyryladenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (0.25 mumol/min; 6.25 mumol/L), horseradish peroxidase appeared in bile in an early (4 to 6 min) and late (20 to 25 min) peak. Papaverine significantly reduced the late peak, from 1.211 +/- 0.264 to 0.498 +/- 0.107 (p less than 0.01). Papaverine had no significant effects on either cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP in the liver and bile, although it has been reported that papaverine is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. These findings indicate that papaverine inhibits biliary excretion of lipids but not bile acids, and they suggest that papaverine has an inhibitory effect on transcytotic vesicle transport independent of an increase of cyclic nucleotides in hepatocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Airflow receptors in the lip and buccal mucosa.

Airflow receptor afferents in the oral mucosa responding to changes in intraoral air pressure during blowing were found to be innervated by the infraorbital nerve. They provided one response corresponding to the onset of blowing, a second related to an increase in air pressure, a third corresponding to the cessation of blowing, and a fourth that exhibited little change throughout sustained blowing. Intraoral air pressure in the cavity between the lips and the velopharyngeal portal may be monitored by these receptors, and the data they provide may contribute to the control of phonation.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Properties of the lingual and LVP branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve.

We investigated the effects of various stimuli on the afferent and efferent branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve in the rat soft palate. One of the sensory components, the lingual branch, responded to tactile stimulation, while the LVP branch responded to stretching of the levator veli palatini muscle. We also obtained physiological and morphological evidence of the existence of muscle spindles in the levator veli palatini muscle and showed that tactile stimulation of the contralateral soft palate and stretching of the contralateral LVP modulated discharges from the motor component of the ipsilateral levator veli palatini muscle. Our results suggest that these receptor units with both sensory and motor efferents may be the main determinants of modulation of respiratory movements in the upper airway by the IXth nerve.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1992

Muscle spindles in the mylohyoid muscle of rats.

The mylohyoid muscle has several functions in relation to respiration, deglutition, and phonation, but these functions are not fully understood. The interaction of the mylohyoid nerve and muscle in 25 rats was studied by neurophysiologic and histologic methods. Stretching of the muscle elicited electrical responses from the branch of the mylohyoid nerve innervating the mylohyoid muscle, and stretch-sensitive receptors were demonstrated histologically in the mylohyoid muscle. This study indicates that the mylohyoid muscle plays an active role in functions such as swallowing, breathing, and phonation.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Muscle spindle distribution in the levator veli palatini muscle in the rat.

We previously reported that the levator veli palatini muscle (LVP) in the rat is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve. The LVP positioned between the mouth and nasopharynx, has important roles in respiration, swallowing, and speech. Muscle spindles, structures scattered through skeletal muscles, appear to function like miniature strain gauges, sensing the degree of tension in the muscle. Muscle spindles were demonstrated in the rat's LVP in our neurophysiologic and histologic studies. We think the stretch of LVP modulates the rapid movements of the LVP by the proprioceptive component of the muscle spindle. Our results infer it is important to protect the innervation and the muscle spindles of the LVP from damage during any surgical dissection of the soft palate musculature.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Disturbance or relatively important actions of antihypertensives, antifungal agent and opiate antagonist to the testicular steroidogenesis in rat.

Some of antihypertensives, opiate antagonist and antifungal agent can interfere with sexual function in both men and women. Drug-related effects on sexual function may be difficult to distinguish from the direct action of gonadal function. Clinically well known those agents to have sexual dysfunction were selected and examined the direct effect on rat's testicular steroidogenesis in vitro. Donryu rats were decapitated at 11 weeks old and isolated testes were decapsulated and preincubated with Krebs-Ringer-phosphate buffer (KRP) added with 1 micrograms/flask of LH for 60 min at 37 degrees C. Then, incubation was made with prazosin (1 micrograms), clonidine (5 micrograms), verapamil (10 micrograms), naloxone (5 micrograms) and ketoconazole (150 micrograms), 37 degrees C for 180 min in fresh KRP-buffer, respectively. Steroids were analysed with RIA, and microfluorometry after purification with quantitative thin layer chromatography. Prazosin had a tendency to produce dihydrotestosterone (DHT) indicating a facilitation of 5 alpha-reductase, and clonidine showed a significant production of estradiol (E2) with a slight production of DHT indicating a significant facilitation of aromatase. Verapamil had a action to produce significantly E2 with a slight production of DHT, and naloxone showed a significant production of both DHT and E2. Thus, these two agents showed facilitation of both 5 alpha-reductase and aromatase. Ketoconazole had a significant production of both delta 4-androstenedione (delta 4-A) and E2 while it had a significant inhibition of DHT-production, thus this had a significant production of both aromatase and C17,20-lyase while had a significant inhibitory action of 5 alpha-reductase. These findings indicates that comparatively large doses of central-nervous system depressants are one of the factors that interfere with sexual function, but it is not necessary to have direct action to testicular function, however present study revealed that some of them can cause gonadal damage and consequently progressive loss of libido.

Androstenedione↗
PubMed1992

[Left ventricular trabeculae evaluated with MRI in dilated cardiomyopathy and old myocardial infarction].

The morphological examination of the left ventricular trabeculae was performed using MRI (0.5T) in 14 normal volunteers, 12 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and 9 patients with old myocardial infarction (OMI). Left ventricular trabeculae were observed at the free walls of the left ventricle in all subjects, but not at the septal wall. Left ventricular trabeculae were larger in DCM than in the normals. The trabeculae were scarce in OMI and inner sides of the infarcted myocardium were very smooth. The development of the left ventricular trabeculae was graded as diminished, ordinary, and marked. Ordinary trabeculae were seen in 86% of the normals, whereas; marked trabeculae in 75% of DCM, and diminished trabeculae in 78% of OMI. In patients with DCM, the mean area of the left ventricle with marked trabeculae was greater than that with ordinary trabeculae. The more dilated left ventricle, the thinner the anterior wall was and the lower the ejection fraction was in DCM and OMI, though there were no significant differences in values of these 3 items between DCM and OMI. The MRI findings on the development of the trabeculae were confirmed in patients with DCM at autopsy. Thus, the MRI findings were very useful in the differential diagnosis between DCM and OMI.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Gonadectomy-induced reduction of antihypertensive action of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor and its role of central renin activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats].

Gonadectomy induced a significant retardation of systolic blood pressure (BP) in male and female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Captopril (5 mg/kg, i.p.), an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, significantly decreased BP in all groups, except that the antihypertensive action was significantly inhibited by gonadectomy in both sexes. The plasma ACE activity was increased in orchiectomized males, but this effect did not appear in females. Neither plasma renin activity nor its concentration were changed by gonadectomy in either sex. Aorta ACE activity was not changed by gonadectomy in either sex, while the renin activity was increased only in gonadectomized females. Diencephalon ACE activity was not changed by gonadectomy in either sex, but the renin activity was decreased in these groups. These results suggested that the decrease of BP by gonadectomy in both sexes SHR was closely related to the decrease of renin activity in diencephalon by androgen deprivation with gonadectomy.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Effects of ovariectomy on naloxone-modulated hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR)].

Ovariectomy was performed at 4 weeks of age (W), and the rats were used when they were 33 and 75 W old. Systolic blood pressure (BP) was measured by the tail-cuff method. Naloxone (10 mg/kg) was given i.p. Catecholamines (CA) were determined with HPLC. Norepinephrine (NE) was not significantly altered in intact rats by naloxone; however, a significant increase in NE appeared in the plasma, hippocampus, thalamus plus mid-brain and hypothalamus in castrated rats following naloxone. With naloxone treatment, dopamine (DA) was significantly increased in the plasma and hypothalamus, but decreased in the cerebral cortex in intact rats; and with castrated rats, there was a tendency to see an increase in plasma DA and significantly increased levels of DA in the thalamus plus mid-brain and hypothalamus. This suggests that in female brain, lack of estrogen in the castrated rats leads to an increase in intrinsic opiate, and this in turn inhibits CA release. On the other hand, when naloxone was administered to castrated rats, intrinsic opiate was blocked, and, consequently, inhibition of CA release was lost and induction of CA release was enhanced.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Ketoconazole inhibits the growth of prostatic squamous carcinoma, at which time testicular androgen enhanced in tumor bearing rat].

Donruy male rats were implanted with the tumor in the ventral prostate at 40 days of age; and 9 days later, they were concurrently orchiectomized and started on ketoconazole (Keto) injection (5 or 10 mg/rat/day, s.c.). Twenty days later, the rats were decapitated. The rats were divided into the following treatment groups: 1. Intact, 2. Intact + Keto-10 (10 mg), 3. Implanted (Imp), 4. Imp + Keto-5 (5 mg), 5. Imp + Keto-10, 6. Imp + castrated (Cast), 7. Imp + Cast + Keto-5 and 8. Imp + Cast + Keto-10. Keto induced slight inhibition of tumor growth but coincident castration led to a significant decrease of tumor development. Keto or castration increased adrenal weight. Keto could not alter plasma androgen in intact rats, but enhanced it significantly in low androgen situations as in groups 3 and 6. Keto significantly lowered plasma corticosterone and acted to decrease testicular androgen in group 1 (Intact); and in contrast, Keto acted to increase significantly testicular androgen in group 3 (Imp). These results suggest that: (1) Keto has a direct action to decrease the tumor weight and enhanced androgen in implantation and (2) Keto acts to decrease adrenal steroidogenesis.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1990

[A case report of great omental leiomyosarcoma with perforation into the jejunum].

The case is a 56-year-old woman, who came to our hospital for bloody flux as chief complaint. Small intestine radiography examination revealed findings suspected of jejunal leiomyosarcoma, but selective angiography confirmed a tumor deep-infected image with omental artery alone as arteria nutricia, leading to the diagnosis as omental tumor.

Female↗
PubMed1989

[Differential Lissajous EMG of masticatory muscles and its application in man].

Difference in the activity of masticatory muscles between subjects with normal teeth alignment and occlusion and patients with disorders at the oral region was investigated using a differential Lissajous EMG method. Surface EMGs were recorded from the right and left temporal and masseter muscles during peanut and chewing gum mastications. The difference of the integrated EMGs between both sides was obtained in both the temporals and masseters, then two differences were synthesized to a Lissajous figure. The figures generally showed the following: 1) In the normal subjects, the muscle behavior varied from stroke to stroke in peanut mastication, while it was constant in chewing gum mastication. 2) Activity of some muscles of the patients was quietly weak, while that of the normal subjects was totally balanced. 3) In the patients, combination of use between the temporal and masseter muscles and contraction order among the muscles tended to be reversed compared to the normal subjects.

Arachis↗
PubMed1989

[The clinical study on the utility of endoscopic electrohydraulic lithotripsy of common bile duct stone].

Using the cholangiofiberscope, electrohydraulic lithotripsy was performed in 20 patients with biliary tract stones. In all cases, stones were destroyed and removed without any serious complications. Since these treatments no recurrence of stones has been recognized (average 8.6 months, longest 16 months). The average period of PTCD needed for the treatments was 34.3 +/- 8.1 days, and the average number of treatments needed was 1.7 +/- 1.0. The average time taken was 91 +/- 26 minutes, and the period from PTCD until hospital discharge was 39.8 +/- 6.1 days for cases of common bile duct stone, and 46.3 +/- 8.8 days for common bile duct and gall bladder stone. This period for cases of common bile duct stone is equivalent to that taken by surgical procedures in our hospital. This treatment seems to be at least as good as EST or surgery for cases of common bile duct stone. It is especially appropriate for those patients who reject surgery, are elderly, poor risks, or recurrent cases.

Adult↗