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Biomedical subjects

T Kudo

Publications and source records attributed to T Kudo.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Blood group N antigen precursor glycoproteins and N antigen precursor glycoproteins with Thomsen-Friedenreich (T) activity from human liver metastatic carcinomas.

1. Four perchloric acid-soluble fractions (PASFs) from human liver metastases of sigmoid colon carcinoma (LSCC), pancreas carcinoma (LPC), breast carcinoma (LBC) and human normal liver (NL) were subjected to DEAE-cellulose column chromatography and separated into three glycoprotein fractions, respectively. 2. In chromatography, LSCC-PASF and LBC-PASF gave Thomsen-Friedenreich (T)-active glycoprotein, blood group N antigen precursor glycoprotein with T activity and N antigen precursor glycoprotein, respectively. 3. LPC-PASF gave N antigen precursor glycoprotein with T activity and two N antigen precursor glycoproteins. 4. The three glycoprotein fractions from NL-PASF did not exhibit both T activity and N antigen precursor activity.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1991

[Pituitary-adrenal response to ketamine].

Fahringer and coworkers have shown the possibility that the steroid response to ketamine is not caused by a direct action on the adrenal gland and is dependent on the presence of a functioning pituitary gland. To clarify these points, we examined the effects of ketamine on ACTH production in isolated pituitary cells of rats. Corticosterone and aldosterone production was measured in isolated adrenal cells of rats to test the possibility of a direct influence of ketamine on the adrenal gland. Rat anterior pituitary and adrenal glands cells respectively were obtained by enzymatic digestion of intact glands collected from Wistar rats. This cell pellet was suspended in Hank's buffer containing 0.1% BSA and distributed to plastic tubes. The cell samples were preincubated for 90 min in a 37 degrees C waterbath under an atmosphere of 5% CO2/95% O2. Ketamine was then added to normal and to ACTH treated cells, which were incubated for 4 hr, and centrifuged. Samples of the supernatant liquid were taken, and aldosterone and ACTH were measured by radioimmunoassay. Corticosterone was determined by a fluorimetric method. Ten individual measurements were made for each sample. Results are expressed as mean +/- s.e. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test. The results indicated that ketamine significantly increased ACTH secretion in the isolated pituitary cells. On the other hand, ketamine had no significant effects on adrenal corticosterone formation. There were similar effects by ketamine on ACTH-induced corticosterone production when compared with that obtained by ACTH alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1991

The endocrine response after burns.

To identify the dynamic response of hormones after burns with special reference to ANP during shock and the subsequent period, plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), aldosterone, cortisol, arginine vasopressin (AVP), corticotropin, (ACTH), plasma renin activities (PRA), norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) were measured from the day of ICU admission and for 7 days following burn injury. Plasma AVP levels were highest on ICU admission and correlated with size of the burn injury ranged from 20-60 percent of the total body surface area. Between the 5th and 6th postburn day plasma ANP levels elevated while plasma AVP levels returned to normal. Urine sodium concentrations decreased from the 3rd day. Plasma aldosterone levels declined after the 2nd day. Mean epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) levels elevated on admission and remained elevated throughout the study. These results suggest that ANP plays important role for restoring fluid homeostasis by improving edema in burned tissues during refilling periods in burns.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1991

[Role of prostaglandin E1 in steroidogenesis by isolated rat adrenal cells].

In order to investigate the effects of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) used in hypotensive anesthesia on the adrenal endocrine function, aldosterone, corticosterone (Comp B) and cAMP production were measured in isolated glomerulosa (G-c) and fasciculata cells (F-c) of the rats. Rat glomerulosa and fasciculata cells were obtained by enzymatic digestion of the adrenals of male wistar rats. The cell pellet was suspended in Hank's balanced salt solution containing 0.1% BSA and distributed in 900 microliters aliquots to polyethylene tubes. The samples were preincubated for 90 min in a 37 degrees C water bath aerated with 5% CO2/95% O2. PGE1 or ACTH 50 microliters was added and incubated for 4 hr. Total volume of the incubation medium is 1.0 ml. Aldosterone and cAMP were measured by radioimmunoassay and Comp B was determined by fluorimetric method. PGE1 increased significantly the basal secretion of aldosterone and Comp B in G-c and F-c, respectively. The steroidogenic effect of PGE1 was dose dependent in aldosterone production. This aldosterone production was also accompanied with cAMP production. On the other hand, significant increase of cAMP was not observed in comp B production. These results suggest that cAMP may be the second messenger in PGE1-induced aldosterone production in G-c. But PGE1 receptors in F-c seem not to be coupled to the adenylate cyclase system. The addition of ACTH and PGE1 resulted in inhibition of aldosterone secretion when compared with that obtained by ACTH alone. Several researchers have shown that low doses of PGE1 depressed the basal aldosterone secretion. These findings may be contributing to Na-uresis effect during PGE1-induced hypotension.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1991

Effects of combination therapy with low-dose aspirin and warfarin on platelet functions after heart valve replacement.

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination therapy with aspirin and warfarin for preventing the development of thromboembolism, we compared the effects of low-dose aspirin (81 mg/day) on platelet functions to those of ticlopidine (300 mg/day) in heart valve replacement patients. Experiments were performed in two groups; the first group within 1 month after operation (the unstable period) and the second group between 3 months and 3 years after operation (the stable period). At the stable period, low-dose aspirin inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ADP, collagen, or arachidonic acid, and suppressed the increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration [( Ca2+]i) induced by thrombin significantly. On the other hand, ticlopidine inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ADP or collagen, but did not suppress arachidonic acid-induced aggregation and the thrombin-induced [Ca2+]i increase. At the unstable period, the combination therapy of low-dose aspirin plus warfarin did not prolong the bleeding time compared to ticlopidine plus warfarin. And low-dose aspirin inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ADP, collagen or epinephrine, and especially blocked arachidonic acid-induced aggregation. Ticlopidine inhibited ADP-, collagen- or U-46619-induced aggregation, but did not affect on the increase in [Ca2+]i induced by thrombin. From the results in this study, we suggest that the combination therapy with low-dose aspirin (81 mg/day) and warfarin is safe as an antithrombotic medication in heart valve replacement, and results in the inhibition of platelet functions without any side effect calling for special mention at the early unstable period after operation.

15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5↗
PubMed1991

[Plasma alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide levels during surgery for pheochromocytoma].

We measured plasma alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (alpha-hANP) and catecholamine concentrations during anesthesia and surgery for pheochromocytoma in five patients ranging in ages from 19 to 69. Plasma catecholamine concentrations and systemic blood pressure increased extremely during surgical manipulation of the tumor, while plasma alpha-hANP levels did not change even during surgical manipulation or after removal of the tumor as compared with preanesthetic values. Our findings suggest that plasma alpha-hANP levels were unchanged during anesthesia and surgery for human pheochromocytoma.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

[Clinical study on total intravenous anesthesia with droperidol, fentanyl and ketamine--3. Pharmacokinetics during prolonged continuous ketamine infusion].

A simple and precise method has been developed for the analysis of plasma ketamine and its metabolites using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection after elution by trifluoroacetic dehydride. Seven surgical patients who received total intravenous anesthesia with droperidol, fentanyl and ketamine anesthesia over 5 hours were the subjects of the study. During the anesthesia, ketamine levels were from 1.0 to 2.0 micrograms.ml-1. After the termination of ketamine infusion, their levels decreased gradually. Metabolites I levels were elevated gradually to about twofold of that of ketamine and remained high. Metabolite II was detected in only two patients and their levels were under 0.2 micrograms.ml-1. The results of our study suggest that this type of anesthesia of prolonged duration is safe as judged by the present pharmacokinetic study.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Haptoglobin administration for hemolysis with autotransfusion of blood ultrafiltered after cardiopulmonary bypass].

Ultrafiltration is well known as a useful method of hemoconcentration of the blood after cardiopulmonary bypass, but free hemoglobin increase is a problem in autotransfusion. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of haptoglobin administration for hemolysis with autotransfused blood ultrafiltered after cardiopulmonary bypass. By means of haptoglobin administration, autotransfusion of blood ultrafiltered with Hemocon (CD Medical Inc.) composed cellulose acetate membrane was performed in patients over a long period (max 313 min) of cardiopulmonary bypass, and with high serum free hemoglobin levels (max 128 mg/dl) at the end of the cardiopulmonary bypass. Comparing the prophylactic administration with the therapeutic administration of haptoglobin, both methods effectively prevented the increment of serum free hemoglobin level, but prophylactic administration (priming administration) was safer and more useful considering free hemoglobin level in ultrafiltered blood and changes of serum free haptoglobin, free hemoglobin and creatinine clearance during and after the operation.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[A clinical study on total intravenous anesthesia with droperidol, fentanyl and ketamine--2. Pharmacokinetics following the end of continuous ketamine infusion].

Ten surgical patients who received various operative procedures including abdominal surgery and ENT surgery were the subjects of the pharmacokinetic study of total intravenous anesthesia with droperidol, fentanyl and ketamine. Six arterial samples were taken through an indwelling catheter in the left radial artery to measure plasma levels of ketamine and its metabolites by means of gas liquid chromatography. Two hours following the end of the ketamine infusion, plasma ketamine levels decreased to 14% of the control value (0.81 micrograms.ml-1), while metabolite I (K1) was still about 1.8 micrograms.ml-1 in the plasma. The control value of plasma ketamine just before the end of its infusion had not any significant relationship with the total dose of ketamine, total dose of fentanyl, blood loss or fluid given. The results of our study suggest that long continuous ketamine infusion would be safe as judged by its pharmacokinetics.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Surgery of atrial septal defect in patients aged over 40 years: comparative study of direct suture and patch closure].

Thirty patients over 40 years of age with atrial septal defects were operated on between 1981 and 1989. They were divided into two groups according to operative technique, group A of patients with direct suture of defect (17 cases) and group B patch closure (13 cases), in order to investigate the incidence of postoperative complications. Patient age and size of defect in group B were both greater than in group A. One group A patient had pulmonary stenosis, two group B patients had mitral valvular disease and six group B patients had pulmonary hypertension. The incidence of postoperative heart failure was 29% in group A and 61% in group B and that of arrhythmia was 47% and 69% respectively, however there were no intraoperative and postoperative deaths. We concluded that, although a high incidence of postoperative complications was observed in group B, patch closure was recommended for older patients with atrial septal defect because direct suture was more likely to distort the atrial septum.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Prostaglandin D2-endogenous regulator of physiological sleep-inhibited CRF-induced ACTH secretion from rat anterior pituitary cells].

Delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) is described as being an endogenous sleep factor. This DSIP inhibits ACTH release induced by CRF from rat anterior pituitary tissue. Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is regarded as another endogenous sleep factor. However, little information has been accumulated concerning the involvement of PGD2 in the regulation of hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary. It was, therefore, interesting to observe the effect of PGD2 on ACTH release from rat anterior pituitary cells. Rat anterior pituitary cells were obtained by enzymatic digestion of the pituitary gland of male Wister rats. The cell pellet was suspended in Hank's balanced salt solution containing 0.1% BSA and distributed in a 800 microliter aliquot to 12 x 75mm glass tubes. The samples were preincubated for 90 min. in a 37 degrees C waterbath under 5% CO2/95% O2. After preincubation, aliquots of various concentrations of CRF, PGD2 and PGE2 were added in a 100 microliter volume and incubated for 4 hr. ACTH in the incubation medium was determined by radioimmunoassay. 0.01-1.0nM CRF significantly increased the ACTH release from rat anterior pituitary cells in a dose dependent manner. Each concentration of 0.1, 1, 2nM PGD2 or PGE2 had no effect on basal ACTH levels. 2nM PGD2 showed a significant inhibition of the CRF-induced ACTH secretion from rat anterior pituitary cells. Similarly, 2nM PGE2 significantly inhibited the CRF-induced ACTH release from rat anterior pituitary cells. The magnitude of the inhibitory effect of PGE2 was slightly higher than that of PGD2. From these results, we concluded that PGD2 inhibited CRF-induced ACTH secretion at the level of pituitary gland.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical effects and immunological changes in interferon therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma].

alpha-type Interferon (INF-alpha A, MOR-22, HLBI) or gamma-type Interferon (GI-3) was administered intramuscularly to 18 patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma to examine its antitumor effect and immunological changes. All of these subjects had distant metastases and were subjected to Interferon therapy for more than 8 weeks. Tumor response according to the Koyama-Saito Team was PR, NC and PD in 4, 8 and 6 cases, respectively. In terms of the immunological changes in the peripheral blood before and after the Interferon therapy, NK cell activity showed increases for PR cases and decreases for NC and PD cases, with an obvious difference between Interferon-effective and -ineffective cases. For peripheral lymphocyte subpopulation, T-pan cell, T-helper cell and T-suppressor cell remained unchanged or tended to decrease. The difference in the change in NK cell activity observed between Interferon-effective and -ineffective cases suggested the involvement of NK cell activity in the efficacy of Interferon.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Postoperative care and management following three kinds of operation for esophageal cancer.

A total 100 esophageal resections were performed over a recent two year period, employing the following three kinds of operative procedure on 3 groups of patients. Group A, comprised of 37 patients, underwent transhiatal esophagectomy and reconstruction through the posterior mediastinal route. Group B, comprised of 35 patients, underwent resection through a right thoracotomy with reconstruction via the retrosternal route. The 28 patients in group C were further divided into 2 subgroups according to age and underwent a two-stage operation, in which the interval between the first and second operation was 43 hours. The operative mortality rates in each group were 2.7 per cent, 2.9 per cent and 7.1 per cent, in groups A, B and C, respectively. In analyzing the pre- and postoperative cardiopulmonary function, the changeable movement in mean left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI) was remarkable in group C. In the younger subgroup, and less than 55, the mean LVSWI decreased to 30.3 g.m/m2 12 hours postoperatively, whereas in the older subgroup, and greater than or equal to 55 years, it was significantly (p less than 0.05) higher than that of group A plus group B 48 hours after the first operation; in other words, immediately after the second operation. Consequently, strict control of the flow volume of patients undergoing a two-stage operation is essential in order to optimise the advantages of this method.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Decreased glucose utilization during prolonged anaesthesia and surgery.

We studied the influence of prolonged anaesthesia and surgery on glucose metabolism by means of the euglycaemic insulin clamp method in eight patients who underwent prolonged surgery. Eleven patients who underwent surgery of short duration served as a control group. Plasma concentrations of catabolic hormones were measured simultaneously. Glucose utilization during prolonged anaesthesia, (PA) group, was lower than that in the control group (P less than 0.01) (glucose utilization 7.59 +/- 0.73 mg.kg-1.hr-1 in the control group vs 4.03 +/- 0.71 mg.kg-1.hr-1 in PA group respectively). There were no significant differences in plasma catecholamine and glucagon concentrations between the PA and control groups. Plasma-free fatty acid levels increased significantly in the PA group before the euglycaemic insulin clamp (free fatty acid level: 0.496 +/- 0.053 mmol.L-1 in the control group, vs 0.834 +/- 0.103 mmol.L-1 in the PA group at the pre-clamp period, P less than 0.01). Tissue resistance to exogenous insulin increased during prolonged anaesthesia and surgery although there were no significant changes in plasma catabolic hormone levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

An operative complication in a patient with a true posterior communicating artery aneurysm: case report and review of the literature.

Intraoperative oculomotor nerve injury in a patient with a true posterior communicating artery aneurysm is reported in detail. A comparison of internal carotid artery aneurysms at the posterior communicating artery junction with true posterior communicating artery aneurysms deserves special attention, because the vascular relationships of the aneurysm are more complex. A clip along the internal carotid artery does not occlude blood flow to the aneurysm, and the aneurysmal neck and the distal posterior communicating artery are closer to the oculomotor nerve. This is the 27th reported case of a true posterior communicating artery aneurysm. The incidence of true posterior communicating artery aneurysms ranges from 0.1 to 2.8% of all aneurysm patients. Such aneurysms constitute 4.6 and 11% of so-called posterior communicating aneurysms in two series. Difficulty associated with a preoperative diagnosis has been documented in at least 4 cases. An awareness of this rare aneurysm is stressed in order to avoid operative complications.

Cerebral Angiography↗
PubMed1990

Changes in adhesion efficiency and vimentin distribution of fibroblasts from familial Alzheimer's disease patients.

Cultured fibroblasts from familial Alzheimer's disease patients were characterized. Familial Alzheimer fibroblasts showed the same appearance by phase microscopy and the same growth rate with the control fibroblasts cultured from the age-matched healthy control subjects. Fibroblasts cultured from familial Alzheimer's disease patients showed decreased efficiency in adhesion to substrata in limited periods. While 80% of the control fibroblasts finished adhesion within 30 minutes incubation, only 30% of Alzheimer fibroblasts completed adhesion within the same period. When fibroblasts from familial Alzheimer's disease were kept under serum-free media more than ten days, they showed a unique aberration of vimentin fiber distribution, while other cytoskeletal fibers were remained intact. It is indicated that fibroblasts cultured from patients with familial Alzheimer's disease can be used to study pathological processes which affect the cytoskeletal organization in the fibroblasts as well as in the cells of the central nervous system.

Alzheimer Disease↗