Biomedical subjects

T Kubo

Publications and source records attributed to T Kubo.

At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources

PubMed1989

[Estrogen receptor status and expression of carbohydrate antigens in breast cancer].

Seventy-six cases of primary cancer of the breast were studied by clinicopathological examination and immunohistological examination using monoclonal antibodies. They were composed of 40 cases positive for estrogen receptor (ER) and 36 cases negative for ER, the ER-positive rate being 52.6%. ER was detected more frequently in the postmenopausal group than in the premenopausal group, though the ER-positive rate was not significantly different between the two groups. The disease was advanced with a large tumor (greater than t3) and high-grade lymph node metastasis in ER-negative cases compared with ER-positive cases. The carbohydrate antigens specific to SPan-1, CA 19-9 and SLEX were found in 34.2%, 39.5% and 68.4% of the cases studied, respectively. These antigens were detected more often, if not significantly, in cases with a large mass and high-grade metastasis than in those with a small mass and without metastasis or with low-grade metastasis. The SPan-1-positive rate was significantly higher in ER-negative cases graded t1 or t2 than in ER-positive cases falling under the same category of tumor size. Significant differences were also noticed between the ER-negative and ER-positive groups with respect to CA 19-9-positive rate (t2 category) and SLEX-positive rate (t3 category). Similar data were obtained when our cases were classified by the degree of lymph node metastasis. In consequence, the present observations suggested that the expression of carbohydrate antigens in primary breast cancer and disease progress might be correlated with ER status.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[Combined effect of intraperitoneally administered OK-432 and recombinant interleukin (rIL-2) against mouse tumors].

Combined effect of the streptococcal preparation, OK-432 and rIL-2, both administered intraperitoneally, was examined against Meth-A tumor, a syngeneic tumor of inbred BALB/c mice and an analysis of the effector cells also was performed. The combined treatment resulted in significant in vitro inhibition of tumor growth and increase in the length of survival of the Meth-A bearing mice. The spleen cells obtained from Meth-A bearing mice treated with both OK-432 and rIL-2 on the 12th day after the tumor transplantation were capable of lysing syngeneic Meth-A tumor cells in addition to NK-sensitive allogenic YAC-1 cells and LAK-sensitive EL-4 cells in vitro in a 4 hour 51Cr-release assay. Neither spleen cells obtained from the tumor bearing mice treated with OK-432 or rIL-2 alone, nor those obtained from normal mice treated with both agents, showed cytotoxic activity against Meth-A cells. The in vitro growth of NK-resistant allogenic P-388 was not inhibited by the spleen cells obtained from any treated mouse, with or without Meth-A tumor. In order to determine the effector subpopulation against Meth-A cells, the spleen cells obtained from the tumor-bearing mice treated with OK-432 and rIL-2 on the 12th day after tumor transplantation, were treated with either anti-Thy-1, 2 antibody plus complement, anti-asialo GM1 serum plus complement, or by adherence to a plastic plate or nylon wool column.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Molecular cloning of cDNA for sarcocystatin A and analysis of the expression of the sarcocystatin A gene during development of Sarcophaga peregrina.

Sarcocystatin A is a cysteine proteinase inhibitor purified from the hemolymph of Sarcophaga peregrina larvae [Suzuki, T., & Natori, S. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 5115-5120]. We isolated a cDNA clone for sarcocystatin A and analyzed the structure and expression of the sarcocystatin A gene. Sarcocystatin A consists of 102 amino acid residues. Significant homology was found between amino acid sequences of sarcocystatin A and other mammalian cystatins, and highly conserved sequences among mammalian cystatins were also found in sarcocystatin A. Using cloned cDNA as a probe, we investigated expression of the sarcocystatin A gene during the development of Sarcophaga. Results showed that this gene was transiently activated in the very early embryonic stage and in the pupal stage, suggesting that sarcocystatin A participates in morphogenesis of larval and adult structures of Sarcophaga.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1989

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-like immunoreactive neurons located in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus receive a direct retinal projection.

The existence of a direct projection from retinal ganglion cells to vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-like immunoreactive neuronal elements in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) was revealed by combining analysis of degenerating axons following enucleation and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. Degenerating axons appeared to make synaptic contact with VIP-like immunoreactive dendrite and neuronal perikarya in the ventral part of the SCN. The possibility of neuronal input from retinal ganglion cells to axons of VIP-like immunoreactive neurons was also suspected since axo-axonic synapses were detected between degenerating axons and axons with VIP-like immunoreactivity. Thus, VIP-like immunoreactive neurons in the SCN receive several neuronal inputs, including those from the retina, and may play a significant role in circadian entrainment.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Immunocytochemical localization of GABA containing neurons in the ventrolateral medulla oblongata of the rat.

Localization of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the ventrolateral medulla oblongata of the rat was studied, using antisera directed against GABA molecule fixed to bovine serum albumin. Within the rostral portion of the ventrolateral medulla, GABA-like immunoreactive neurons were found in the lateral wing of the raphe magnus and in the region of the paragigantocellular reticular nucleus. In the caudal portion of the ventrolateral medulla, a lesser number of GABA-stained neurons were found in the region around the nucleus reticularis lateralis. GABA-like immunoreactive punctate structures were also found throughout the ventrolateral medulla. These results provide further evidence for the existence of GABAergic neurons in the ventrolateral medulla oblongata of the rat.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Clinico-histochemical studies on type 4 carcinoma of the stomach--with special reference to mucopolysaccharides and sialic acid in tumor tissue.

One hundred and twenty-one patients with gastric cancer of Borrman IV (type 4) were classified into two types according to the macroscopic appearance of their tumors, namely, those tumors with giant folds (type G, n = 84) and those without giant folds (type P, n = 37). A large percentage of the cases in both type groups had advanced stage carcinoma. Type G was found to be predominant in young women and the incidence of high-grade lymph node metastasis was higher in type G than in type P. Histochemically, it was shown that the tumor interstitium of type G contained obviously many more acid mucopolysaccharides (AMPS) than the localized Borrman II (type 2) gastric cancer, which was used as a control. The results of enzymatic digestion tests suggested that the amounts of hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, and sialic acid were greater in type G than in type P or the localized type, the differences involved being marked between type G and the localized type.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1989

Computer prediction of congestion in the obstetric ward.

A computer system was developed to predict congestion of the obstetric ward in the near future. The admittance and stay in the obstetric ward of every registered patient are simulated based on the table of reservation and observed data of hospital stay, and from this the number of inpatients (occupied beds) is predicted. If the expected date of confinement of every obstetric patient is put into the computer and the information on patients who have already given birth is deleted, it is possible to obtain a reasonably accurate prediction.

Bed Occupancy↗

PubMed1989

Transient ST-segment elevation in subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Electrocardiographic manifestation mimicking the hyperacute phase of myocardial infarction and the electrical alternans of the elevated ST-segment in association with subarachnoid hemorrhage were reported in two patients with no evidence of heart disease. In both cases the ST-segment changes were transient and there were no persistent changes suggestive of underlying myocardial damage or ischemia. These findings suggested that the electrocardiographic changes were probably secondary to subarachnoid hemorrhage and not an expression of primary myocardial disease. The electrocardiographic abnormalities could be explained by altered autonomic activity to coronary arteries or directly to the myocardium.

Diagnosis, Differential↗

PubMed1989

Effect of YM-09151-2, a putative D2 dopamine receptor antagonist, on dopamine metabolism in the striatum of rats.

YM-09151-2, a novel benzamide derivative, significantly increased the concentrations of dopamine (DA) metabolites, both 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (homovanillic acid). The maximum increase in such metabolites was about 4-fold the concentration in control animals, and was observed at 2 hr after oral administration. 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol, a metabolite of noradrenaline, was slightly increased in its concentration exhibiting a transient effect, but 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid was not. YM-09151-2 antagonized the decreasing effects of apomorphine, a nonselective DA agonist, and LY-171555, a selective D2 DA receptor agonist, on the concentrations of DA metabolites in the brain. In contrast, SCH-23390, a selective D1 DA receptor antagonist, did not antagonize the effects of DA agonist. These results strongly suggest that YM-09151-2 is a selective antagonist of D2 DA receptor and a candidate as a new antipsychotic agent for clinical use.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Enhancement of humoral immune responses against viral vaccines by a non-pyrogenic 6-O-acylmuramyldipeptide and synthetic low toxicity analogues of lipid A.

6-O-Acyl derivatives of N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP) and synthetic, low toxicity lipid-A analogues were examined for their ability to enhance the potency of current viral vaccines. 6-O-(2-Tetradecylhexadecanoyl)-MDP (B30-MDP) in non-irritative vehicles such as physiological saline, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), squalene-PBS emulsion, Intralipid or liposomes, significantly stimulated the primary and secondary antibody production of guinea-pigs against influenza split or subunit vaccine and inactivated the hepatitis B virus surface (HBs) antigen. Mice seemed less responsive to the adjuvanticity of B30-MDP than guinea-pigs. Two low toxicity lipid A analogues, acylated beta(1-6)-D-glucosamine disaccharide bisphosphates (which do not have amide-bound or ester-bound 3-acyloxyacyl groups unlike fully toxic Escherichia coli-type lipid A), caused significantly enhanced antibody responses, primary or secondary, when administered to mice by incorporation into liposomes with inactivated HBs antigen.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗

PubMed1989

Two circulatory routes within the human corpus cavernosum penis: a scanning electron microscopic study of corrosion casts.

The microvascular architecture of the human corpus cavernosum penis was studied by scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts. The corpus cavernosum was supplied by the penile deep artery. It gave off branches to become either arteries distributed within the corpus cavernosum or those directly supplying the corpus spongiosum urethrae. The former arteries further divided into small arteries which fell into two categories: 1) arteries breaking up into capillaries, and 2) arteries draining directly into the cavernous sinuses. The capillaries were collected into venular networks just beneath the tunica albuginea (the subalbugineal venular plexus), while the cavernous sinuses were collected into venules at the periphery of the corpus cavernosum. These postcavernous venules also received venules from the subalbugineal venular plexus, and left the corpus cavernosum. Thus, two circulatory routes are evident within the corpus cavernosum. These findings suggested that the penile erectile cycle is controlled by hemodynamic changes between these two routes within the corpus cavernosum.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Quantitative analysis of outflow pathway of corpora cavernosa by pressure flow technique.

Using a pressure flow technique, quantitative analysis of the physiological characteristics of the outflow pathway of the corpus cavernosum was carried out in 19 male dogs weighing 7.5 to 23.0 kg. Pressure flow curves were made on dogs whose pelvic nerve was stimulated electrically and on dogs left unstimulated. When a cyclical change in saline perfusion rate was applied without nerve stimulation, the variable of the intracorporeal pressure showed a large hysteretic loop, indicating that the resistance of the outflow canals to flow was altered by the distension of the sinusoidal space. In dogs whose pelvic nerve was stimulated, the pressure flow curves shifted to the left side in comparison with the outward phase of the pressure flow curve of animals without pelvic nerve stimulation, and this curve piled on the returning phase. No hysteretic relation was observed between the outward and returning phase of the pressure flow curve with pelvic nerve stimulation, but in the detailed analysis, in which the % flow rate was used instead of actual flow rate of saline perfusion, a small hysteretic loop based on the difference of the elasticity of the outlet canals was found. The distension of the corpora cavernosa and the pelvic nerve electrostimulation probably act as the triggers of the same occlusive mechanism in the outflow pathway. The percentage decrease in the blood flow in the outflow canal of the corpus cavernosum induced by the distension of the sinusoidal space or by the pelvic nerve electrostimulation was 69.6 +/- 14.4% (mean +/- SD).

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Aspartate aminotransferase for synthesis of transmitter glutamate in the medulla oblongata: effect of aminooxyacetic acid and 2-oxoglutarate.

The effects of aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA), a transaminase inhibitor, and 2-oxoglutarate, a precursor to glutamate by the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AAT), on slices of rat medulla oblongata, cerebellum, cerebral cortex, and hippocampus were studied. The slices were superfused and electrically stimulated. There was a Ca2+-dependent stimulus-evoked release of endogenous glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and beta-alanine in all regions examined. AOAA (10(-4) and 10(-3) M) decreased the release of glutamate in the medulla oblongata and cerebellum but not in the hippocampus. L-Canaline, a specific inhibitor of ornithine aminotransferase, did not affect the glutamate release in the medulla. 2-Oxoglutarate (10(-3) M) increased the release of glutamate in the medulla oblongata and cerebellum but not in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Treatment with AOAA (10(-4) M) almost abolished the activities of AAT in all regions studied. AOAA (10(-4) and 10(-3) M) increased the stimulus-evoked release of GABA in the cerebellum, cerebral cortex, and hippocampus, whereas the stimulus-evoked release of beta-alanine was decreased by this agent in all regions studied. These results suggest the participation of AAT in the synthesis of the transmitter glutamate in the medulla oblongata and cerebellum of the rat.

Acetates↗

PubMed1989

Release by electrical stimulation of endogenous glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and other amino acids from slices of the rat medulla oblongata.

Evidence was obtained for the release of amino acids by electrical stimulation of slices of regions of the rat medulla oblongata: rostral ventrolateral, caudal ventrolateral and caudal dorsomedial. There was a Ca2+-dependent, tetrodotoxin-sensitive increase in the efflux of aspartate, glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, and beta-alanine in all regions examined. There were distinct regional differences in the relative amounts of amino acids released. These results provide evidence for the possible neurotransmitter role of aspartate, glutamate, GABA, glycine, and beta-alanine in these regions of the rat medulla oblongata.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed1989

Evidence for tonic activation of prejunctional beta-adrenoceptors in guinea-pig pulmonary arteries by adrenaline derived from the adrenal medulla.

1. The effects of (+/-)-carteolol 10(-8) M to 10(-6) M, a non-selective beta-antagonist, applied cumulatively, on stimulation-evoked 3H-release at 1 Hz were studied in pulmonary arteries isolated from guinea-pigs. The guinea-pigs were subjected to either bilateral adrenalectomy, adrenalectomy followed by injections of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) and hydrocortisone, bilateral adrenodemedullation or a sham operation, and then loaded in vitro with [3H]-noradrenaline. 2. Carteolol inhibited 3H-output in arteries from sham-operated animals in a concentration-dependent manner. This inhibitory effect was not found in pulmonary arteries from animals subjected to adrenalectomy or adrenodemedullation. However, DOCA and hydrocortisone pretreatment, did not prevent the disappearance of the carteolol-induced inhibition of 3H-release. 3. Adrenalectomy and adrenodemedullation depleted or markedly reduced the endogenous contents of adrenaline in pulmonary arteries without altering the levels of dopamine and noradrenaline. 4. It is concluded that adrenaline, mainly derived from the adrenal medulla, acts as an endogenous agonist for tonically functioning prejunctional beta-adrenoceptors in guinea-pig pulmonary arteries, probably by being taken up and co-released with noradrenaline.

Adrenal Medulla↗

PubMed1989

Effects of ethyl alcohol and heavy-water administration on vestibulo-ocular reflex in rabbits.

The effects of ethyl alcohol and heavy water on the long-time constant (T1) of the vestibulo-ocular reflex, an index of the dynamics of the cupula-endolymph system of the semicircular canal, were investigated in rabbits. Ethyl alcohol with a specific gravity of 0.793 caused two types of direction-changing positional nystagmus. In the early period after its administration, geotropic type positional nystagmus was induced. In this period, ethyl alcohol reduced T1. In the later period after its administration, apogeotropic type positional nystagmus was induced. In this period, T1 was again prolonged. Heavy water with a specific gravity of 1.10 caused apogeotropic type positional nystagmus and prolonged T1. These findings demonstrated that ethyl alcohol and heavy water directly affect the cupula-endolymph system, suggesting that the semicircular canal was responsible for the positional nystagmus.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Antigenic relationship between streptococcal preparation OK-432 and tumors and its effect on immunotherapy with OK-432 in patients with superficial bladder tumor.

The cross-antigenicity between streptococcus, Su strain (OK-432), and rat bladder cancer BC-47 was studied by the immunocytochemistry. Both anti-Su (OK-432) and anti-BC-47 reacted with both homo- and heterogenous antigens. The specificity of the PAP reactions using these sera was confirmed by absorption study of the first antibodies. But, OK-432 did not share with normal rat tissues. Furthermore, the presence of common antigens between OK-432 and animal tumors where OK-432 was effective was indicated by the PAP studies, but OK-432 did not share with tumors where OK-432 was ineffective. By the PAP studies using antigroup A streptococcus-specific C-polysaccharide and antigroup-specific sera, it was suggested that the determinant of the cross-antigenicity was group A-specific C-polysaccharide. The common antigens between OK-432 and human urogenital cancers were also identified by the PAP study. Then, local immunotherapy with OK-432 was carried out in 38 patients with superficial bladder tumor and the tumors were eliminated in 23.7%. In 77.8% of the complete response and in 10.3% of the no change, the tumor tissues demonstrated antigens common between OK-432 and tissues. From these results, it was concluded that common antigens which OK-432 shared with tumors could favorably augment host defense against human bladder tumors, the same as animal tumors.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Prostatic epithelial polyp of the prostatic urethra.

Ten cases of prostatic epithelial polyps of the prostatic urethra are reported. The ages of the patients were from 27 to 69 years, with a mean of 44 years. The most common clinical signs were gross hematuria, microhematuria, hematospermia, and dysuria. All specimens, obtained by transurethral resection, had a papillary or polypoid configuration. The tissue had a glandular structure that resembled that of the prostate. Prostate-specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase were found in the epithelial cells of the polyps by indirect immunoperoxidase staining. The polyps seemed to be hyperplasia of prostate-specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase-positive epithelial cells of the prostatic gland or duct, especially that of the latter.

Adult↗