Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

T Kubo

Publications and source records attributed to T Kubo.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Role of carotid sinus baroreflex in attenuating systemic arterial pressure variability studied in anesthetized dogs.

Attenuation of systemic arterial pressure (SAP) variability by the carotid sinus baroreflex (CSBR) was quantified in nine anesthetized, vagotomized dogs. SAP amplitude spectrum was compared between open-loop [SAPo(f)] and closed-loop [SAPc(f)] operation of the CSBR. At 0.002 Hz, SAPc amplitude was 3.5 +/- 2.2 (SD) mmHg, and SAPo was 9.6 +/- 3.5 mmHg (P < 0.01). At 0.02 Hz, SAP(c) amplitude was 2.8 +/- 1.2 mmHg, and SAPo was 4.3 +/- 1.2 mmHg (P < 0.05). At higher frequencies, SAPo(f) was indistinguishable from SAPc(f). With the opened CSBR, intracarotid sinus pressure (CSP) was pseudorandomly varied, and the resulting SAP responses were recorded to determine the transfer function from CSP to SAP [HCSP.SAP(f)]. From SAPo(f) and the determined HCSP.SAP(f), we estimated SAP(f) if the CSBR was closed [SAPc,est(f)] and compared it with SAPc(f). These two spectra were similar in each dog over a frequency range of 0.002-0.15 Hz, the differences between SAPo(f) and SAPc(f) being reconcilable with HCSP.SAP(f). Although the anesthetized state and vagotomy may have distorted the transfer characteristics of the CSBR from those in conscious (with the intact vagi) states, the results of the present study indicate that the CSBR attenuated SAP variability mainly in a low-frequency range below 0.02 Hz and that this attenuation was attributable to the transfer properties of the CSBR.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1994

Ultrasonographic findings of epididymal sarcoidosis.

We report a rare case of systemic sarcoidosis involving the epididymis. An irregularly shaped heterogeneous lesion was identified with ultrasonography in the left caput epididymidis. Microscopically, a number of noncaseating epithelioid cell granulomas were found in the epididymal tissue.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Identification of a previously unknown compound as 2'-deoxycytidine found in the plasma of breast cancer patients under combined chemotherapy.

In an attempt to find an end-point for cancer chemotherapy, this study was designed to measure the adenine compounds in the plasma of breast cancer patients using HPLC with a selective reagent for adenine bases. The patients were treated by chemotherapy using cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil. Blood was collected in tubes containing EDTA, the plasma separated by centrifugation and analysed by HPLC. An early peak due to the fluorescent derivative of an unknown compound reacted with bromoacetoaldehyde and its concentration appeared proportional to the chemotherapeutic courses of treatment. The compound in its native state without fluorescent derivatization was efficiently purified by using columns of DEAE- and CM-Sephadex. Its UV spectrum revealed maxima at 271, 280 and 272 nm in solutions of pH 7, pH 3 and pH 12, respectively. The electrophoretograms showed that it was neutral, positively and negatively charged at pH 7, pH 3 and pH 12, respectively. Thin-layer chromatograms showed that it had the same Rf as 2'-deoxycytidine (dCyd) which was confirmed by a positive reaction for deoxyribose. It was concluded that bromoacetoaldehyde formed a weakly fluorescent product with dCyd which gave rise to the early peak in the anion exchange chromatograms. From the calculation of the recovery obtained by the purification process, the cancer patients undertaking more than 12 courses had a dCyd level of approximately 20 mM while the corresponding figure in normal volunteers was less than 1 mM. These results may be useful in assessing the status of the cancer patients.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1994

Fine structural aspects on auditory hair cell degeneration in the budgerigar, Melopsittacus undulatus, as induced by kanamycin.

The effects of kanamycin, an antibiotic of the aminoglycoside group, on the auditory sensory epithelium of the budgerigar, Melopsittacus undulatus, were examined using both scanning and transmission electron microscopes. Results show that the threshold of the auditory brainstem response increased in birds treated with kanamycin 200 mg/kg for 49 days. While the auditory sensory epithelium of the normal budgerigar consists of short and tall hair cells, and supporting cells, following kanamycin administration, the middle to proximal region of the epithelium of the inner ear showed degenerative changes, with the other parts remaining apparently intact. In the damaged region, the short hair cells were flattened, and the tall ones became heterogeneous in shape. Both types of cells contained many dense bodies in their cytoplasm; they were rounded in shape and homogeneously dense. Severely degenerated tall hair cells also contained many large vacuoles with heterogeneous contents. Because the dense bodies and large vacuoles were positive for acid phosphatase reaction, they were respectively judged to be primary lysosomes and secondary lysosomes containing degenerating cell debris. Most supporting cells in the impaired region were lower in cytoplasmic electron density, and their apical surface became enlarged in area. Some flattened short hair cells were situated on the apical part of the swollen supporting cells. This finding suggests that the short hair cells are pressed toward the scala media by the supporting cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Tympanoplasty in cholesteatoma otitis media with normal hearing].

Thirteen cholesteatomas, with hearing within 20dB, were operated on from 1985 to 1992. Their mean age was 22.1 years, and the mean follow-up period 1.8 years. Eleven cases were pars flaccid type, and 2 cases pars tensa type. Tympanoplasties were performed by the canal down method (4 cases), the canal up method (3 cases), both transmeatal atticotomy and scutumplasty (4 cases) and both the canal down method and mastoid obliteration (2 cases). Postoperative hearing results of three averaged speech frequencies were within 20dB in 11 cases and between 20 and 30dB in 2 cases. No recurrent cholesteatoma or extrusion of columella occurred during the follow-up period. One of the cases operated on by the canal down method showed postoperative mastoid cavity problems, and one of the cases operated on by the canal up method showed retraction of the pars flaccida. These findings prompted us to operate on cholesteatoma cases with normal hearing and to recommend tympanoplasty with transmeatal atticotomy and scutumplasty.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Application of non-radioisotopic in situ hybridization to the inner ear--expression of osteopontin].

Osteopontin (OPN) is considered to be a non-collagenous bone matrix protein which is involved in the ossification process. However, OPN has recently been observed in ectopic sites such as the kidney and nervous tissues. In the present study, expression of OPN mRNA was examined in the rat inner ear by non-radioisotopic in situ hybridization. Signals of OPN mRNA were observed in the marginal cells of the stria vascularis, spiral ganglions, vestibular sensory hair cells and vestibular dark cells. OPN protein was detected only in otoliths by immunohistochemistry. The reasons for the presence of OPN mRNA in the cochlea and dark cells of the vestibulum were unclear. On the other hand, findings of the sacculus and utriculus suggest that OPN is one of the protein components of rat otoliths and that vestibular sensory hair cells are involved in the production of otoliths.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[A case of adrenal lipoma].

Lipoma of the adrenal gland is extremely rare. This condition was first described in 1988 and only seven cases have been reported to date. We have experienced a case of adrenal lipoma which was thought to be adrenal myelolipoma on computed tomography (CT). A 56-year-old man was admitted to our department with a complaint of left abdominal pain. Sonography revealed a hyperechoic mass above the left kidney, and a CT scan revealed the mass to be comprised sharply marginated and an inhomogeneous structure. The tumor was comprised of areas of different density including a fatty tissue portion. These findings were strongly suggestive of adrenal myelolipoma or liposarcoma, and a left adrenalectomy was performed. Macroscopically, the tumor was consisted of yellow fatty mass and necrotic areas, which were surrounded by thin fibrous capsule. The adrenal gland was compressed at the bottom of the tumor. The weight of tumor was 290 g. Microscopically, the tumor consisted of large fat cells in direct contact with adrenal cortical cells, and it was then diagnosed adrenal lipoma. Postoperatively, the patient no longer experienced left abdominal pain and there has been no recurrence in the 31 months since the operation.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1994

[Study of clinical usefulness of an antiandrogen, TZP-4238, as a drug for treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy--its influence on sexual function].

Using chlormadinone acetate (CMA) as the control drug, a double-blind study was carried out to examine not only the effects of 17 alpha-acetoxy-6-chloro-2-oxa-4,6-pregnadiene-3,20-dione (TZP-4238;) on subjective urinary symptoms but also, especially, that on the sexual function in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). The clinical efficacy rate in relation to the subjective urinary symptoms was about the same in the two treatment groups; 45.9% in the TZP-4238 group and 50.0% in the CMA group. However, the incidence of adverse effects on the sexual function showed a marked difference between the two groups. The TZP-4238 group revealed a lower suppressive effect on the function than the CMA group (45.1% vs. 71.4%). In relation to their causation of other adverse effects, there were no differences between the two drugs. Accordingly, in consideration of the facts that TZP-4238 with less influence on the sexual function affords a superior quality of life to elderly patients, while achieving effective treatment by means of a convenient single daily administration, TZP-4238 was surmised to be a more useful drug than CMA as an antiandrogen for the treatment of BPH.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Seroepidemiological study of toxoplasmosis in two different geographical areas in Nepal.

A total of 302 serum samples collected from Chitawan (159) and Mustang (143) districts of Nepal were included in this study. Anti-toxoplasma antibody was detected using micro-latex agglutination (MLA) and ELISA methods. An overall positive rate was found to be 57.9%. The positive rate in Chitawan was significantly higher (64.1%) (less than 1,000 m altitude) compared to that in Mustang (51.0%) (more than 3,000 m altitude) (p < 0.05). Females in Chitawan showed significantly higher positive rate (71.2%) compared to males (56.9%) (p < 0.05). On the contrary, though insignificantly, males showed higher positive rate (57.9%) compared to that of females (43.3%) in Mustang. Almost equal positive rate was observed among males in both study area. Females in Chitawan showed significantly higher (71.2%) positive rate compared to their counterparts in Mustang (43.3%) (p < 0.001). A slight increase in positive rate with age was observed in Chitawan while in Mustang a decreasing trend was noticed. Ethnically though statistically not significant, Indo-Aryans showed a higher positive rate (69.2%) compared to the positive rate shown by Tibeto-Burmans (63.1%) in Chitawan while the reverse was true in Mustang (Tibeto-Burmans: 53.8% and Indo-Aryans: 38.4%). Interestingly, 2.9% and 1.3% of MLA positive samples showed toxoplasma IgM antibody. None of the IgM positive samples were positive for toxoplasmic antigens.

Altitude↗
PubMed1994

[Treatment of stage Ia ovarian cancer].

Ninety-six patients with primary ovarian cancer were treated at Tsukuba University Hospital between 1984 and 1992. For all of these patients except stage IV, surgical treatment including pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy was employed to confirm the clinical stage exactly. Re-staging laparotomy was performed in cases with an incomplete initial operation. In thirty cases the primary tumors were truly confined to the unilateral ovary (stage Ia). In six patients, though the tumor appeared to be confined to the unilateral ovary macroscopically at the time of the operation, the stage changed to Ic in one case, IIa in one case and IIIc in 4 cases as found by postoperative confirmation. The most common tumor in stage Ia was mucinous cystadenocarcinoma. In 23 patients with stage Ia, histological grading could be obtained. Twenty-one cases were low potential malignancy or grade 1, whereas grade 3 was found in only one case. None, except one case diagnosed as stage Ia, has had a recurrence in spite of the absence of adjunct therapy, but one patient with grade 3 endometrioid carcinoma died of the disease 10 months after staging laparotomy. In conclusion, even though the tumor appears to be confined to one ovary, a staging laparotomy should be conducted in all patients. When the tumor is proved to be limited to only one ovary and is also histologically confirmed to be less than grade 3, it is considered that no further treatment is necessary.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1994

[Establishment and characterization of a human breast cancer cell line, OCUB-1].

We established new human breast cancer cell line, OCUB-1 derived from the pleural effusion of 53-year old female with recurrent breast cancer. Two sub-cell lines were also established with cloning technique from OCUB-1. Investigating the differences of characteristics between OCUB-1M and 1F, OCUB-1M shows a monolayered growing and OCUB-1F grows in floating. OCUB-1M and 1F revealed Modo 84 and 41 by chromosomal analysis and flow cytometric analysis showed OCUB-1M had twice amount of DNAs as -1F. OCUB-1M revealed higher expression of E-cadherin and laminin receptor against-1F, and activity of 92kDa type IV collagenase could be seen only in OCUB-1M. Estorogen and progesteron receptor were negative in either OCUB-1M and -1F, and no production of tumor markers in the spent media (CEA, CA19-9, CA15-3 and NCC-ST439) was detected in both cells. Both cells could be hetero-transplanted in nude mice, but they showed different histology.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Nuclear DNA ploidy pattern and proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling index in gastric cancer with mucosal involvement].

The DNA ploidy pattern and the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were investigated in 72 gastric carcinoma patients to determine the possible correlation between proliferation kinetics and biological behavior. The diploid pattern was more often observed in cases with mucosal invasion (m cancer) than other cases (sm or advanced cancer). The PCNA labelling index in cases with mucosal invasion was significantly lower than in other cases. The sm cancer was more often observed in patients with high PCNA labelling index (> or = 30%) and aneuploid pattern, while m cancer was more common in patients with low PCNA labelling (< 20%) index and diploid pattern. As a result of this study, we conclude that proliferating kinetics of m cancer may differ from that for sm or advanced cancer. Furthermore, DNA ploidy pattern and PCNA labelling index may be useful as a parameter of depth of invasion.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Atypical MDR].

Multiple drug resistance(MDR) is a major clinical obstacle in cancer chemotherapy. Acquirement of MDR phenotype in cancer cells is often associated with enhanced expression of human MDR-1 gene: MDR-1 gene codes membranous P-glycoprotein which catalyses energy-dependent outward transport of anticancer agents. By contrast, MDR cancer cell lines without overexpression of P-glycoprotein are called as atypical MDR (at MDR) cells. The acquirement of at MDR has been shown to be partly associated with altered DNA topoisomerase II. Furthermore, a new ATP binding cassette (ABC) family, MRP gene has just recently shown to involve in acquirement of at-MDR in cancer cell lines, which do not express both altered topoisomerase II and P-glycoprotein.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗
PubMed1994

Effects of a novel dihydropyridine calcium antagonist on venous capacitance in Wistar-Kyoto rats.

Calcium antagonists are potent dilators of resistance vessels but do not dilate capacitance vessels. CD832 is a novel dihydropyridine calcium antagonist which has a nitrate moiety in its chemical structure. The authors examined the effects of CD832 on venous capacitance in anesthetized rats. Venous capacitance was assessed by measuring mean circulatory filling pressure (MCFP) at three levels of blood volume. Nitroglycerin decreased and phenylephrine increased MCFP. CD832 did not alter MCFP. After treatment with hexamethonium to prevent reflex venoconstriction, CD832 significantly decreased MCFP but nicardipine (another dihydropyridine calcium antagonist) did not. The magnitude of hypotension caused by CD832 and nicardipine was comparable. The results suggest that CD832 is a unique calcium antagonist which has a venodilator effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Clinical study of renal cell carcinoma invading adjacent organs].

We studied 15 patients with renal cell carcinoma invading adjacent organs (stage T4) between January 1980 and December 1991. Such invasion was four times more frequent in males than in females. The patients were between 41 and 78 years old, with a mean age of 63.9 years. The tumor was on the right side in 4 cases, and on the left side in 11 cases. Six patients (40%) presented with flank pain. The pancreas was the organ involved most frequently. Eleven patients had regional lymph node involvement or distant metastasis. Most patients had an increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), elevated alpha-2 globulin levels, and positivity for c-reactive protein (CRP). In 6 patients, nephrectomy was extended to the abdominal or retroperitoneal structures that seemed to be invaded by tumor. Patients with T2 or T3 tumor had a significantly longer overall survival than patients with a T4 tumor. However, there was no significant difference in survival between T2/T3 tumors and T4 tumors in nephrectomized patients. Two patients who survived longer than 3 years showed no abnormalities of ESR, alpha-2 globulin and CRP. They also had no nodal or distant metastases, and had a good initial performance status. These findings suggest that extended local resection can improve the survival and quality of life for selected patients with T4 tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Analysis of genetic alterations in renal cell carcinoma using the polymerase chain reaction.

Very frequent loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 3p has been found in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In the present study, we examined LOH at the retinoblastoma (RB), mutated in colorectal cancer (MCC) and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumour suppressor genes loci, and mutations of the H-, K-, and N-ras oncogenes. We performed these studies using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analyses. LOH was detected in 2 of 11 (18.2%), and 2 of 14 (14.3%) informative cases at the MCC and APC loci, respectively, and in none of 15 informative cases at the RB locus in 25 RCCs. LOH at the MCC was accompanied by LOH at the APC locus in two RCCs. No mutation was detected in H-, K-, and N-ras genes in 39 RCCs. Thus, alterations of the known tumour suppressor genes and the ras oncogenes were infrequent events in RCC. The results suggest that the genetic pathway in the genesis of RCC differs considerably from that of other common human carcinomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Clinical assessment of diffuse brain injury sequelae: with respect to so-called post-traumatic disorder].

Brain injury sequelae were observed in 24 patients who had sustained diffuse brain injury. According to their ability to lead social life, the severity was classified into 6 levels; vegetative, severe, moderate, mild, fair, and good. The severity levels statistically correlated with the length of the initial unconsciousness (Spearman's correlation coefficient r = 0.929, n = 24, p < 0.01), with posttraumatic amnesia (r = 0.827, n = 8, p < 0.05), with ventricular enlargement (r = 0.808, n = 24, p < 0.01) and with the presence of hemiplegia (r = 0.740, n = 24, p < 0.01). Children and young adults showed a tendency to improve to milder levels. Mild head injury patients who sustained concussion of less than 6 hours in duration also showed minimal sequelae such as mild ventricular dilatation and difficulty in recent memory. This memory impairment had often been ascribed to the so-called postconcussional syndrome. The threshold for occurrence of diffuse brain injury sequelae was estimated as concussion lasting 15-30 minutes or post-traumatic amnesia of a few days in duration in adults and about a week in children. Superficially localized brain contusion was frequently observed and was not correlated with the severity level, hemiplegia or post-concussional syndrome.

Adolescent↗