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Biomedical subjects

T Koskinen

Publications and source records attributed to T Koskinen.

48 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

The effects of long-term anticonvulsant drug therapy on vitamin D metabolites and mineral homeostasis in pregnant epileptic women and their newborns.

Serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), (24,25(OH)2D), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), total calcium, protein, phosphorus, magnesium and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured in 21 epileptic and 20 healthy control mothers. Serum samples were collected in the third trimester of pregnancy and at delivery, when also mixed blood from the umbilical cord was drawn. 25(OH)D concentrations were similar in both groups and different anticonvulsant drugs had no effects on values. There were small alterations in dihydroxylated vitamin D metabolites. 24,25(OH)2D values were decreased and 1,25(OH)2D concentrations increased. The difference was significant (p less than 0.05) in maternal 1,25(OH)2D values at delivery. Other alterations were statistically almost significant. There was no difference between the diphenylhydantoin and carbamazepine groups. Calcium concentrations were significantly higher in the control than in the epileptic group (in the third trimester p less than 0.01 and at delivery p less than 0.001). Magnesium and phosphorus concentrations were similar in both groups. ALP concentrations were higher in epileptics than in control subjects. Though there were differences in maternal values between epileptics and controls, the fetal concentrations of the analyzed parameters were quite similar in both groups, except for ALP values, which were significantly higher (p less than 0.05) in epileptics than in controls. It was found only slight alterations in vitamin D metabolites. These changes cannot explain hypocalcaemia and osteopenia found often in these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Vitamin A and vitamin E in umbilical artery and vein.

Vitamin A and vitamin E concentrations were measured in 27 umbilical arterial and venous plasma samples obtained from 24 singleton pregnancies and one triplet pregnancy. The levels of both vitamins were similar in arterial and venous plasma (mean +/- S.D. vitamin A 209 +/- 41 micrograms/l and 220 +/- 51 micrograms/l; vitamin E: 2.31 +/- 0.74 mg/l and 2.31 +/- 0.76 mg/l, respectively), but individual differences were observed in some cases. A significant relationship (p less than 0.001) existed between the arterial and venous levels of both vitamins. However, when arterial vitamin A levels were plotted against venous levels, the slope of the regression line (0.61) was significantly (p less than 0.01) different from unity, which suggests that the placental transfer or fetal storage has an effect on the arterial-venous ration of this vitamin. The vitamin A values from the triplet pregnancy were quite low, but comparable with each other.

Female↗
PubMed1985

Peroral xylitol increases intestinal calcium absorption in the rat independently of vitamin D action.

The absorption of 45Ca from the diet in the presence of xylitol was investigated with 28 adult male rats. The supplementation of the diet with 10% xylitol for 3 weeks augmented the urinary excretion of 45Ca 2.5-fold p less than 0.001), but did not affect the urinary excretion of sodium. The concentration of calcium in the serum remained unchanged. The serum levels of vitamin D metabolites [1,25-(OH)2D; 24,25-(OH)2D, and 25-(OH)D] did not correlate with the augmentation of Ca absorption. The diuretic effect of xylitol and the complex formation between polyols and calcium in rat intestine were considered responsible for the changes in calcium metabolism.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Can the fetus regulate its calcium uptake?

To investigate the role of the fetus in vitamin D metabolism concentrations of vitamin D metabolites, 25(OH)D, 24,25(OH)2D and 1,25(OH)2D, were measured in human umbilical artery and vein. There were no differences between artery and vein in 25(OH)D and 24,25(OH)2D levels. 1,25(OH)2D concentrations were statistically significantly higher in the artery than in the vein. It has been shown in animal experiments that 1,25(OH)2D is an important factor in the maintenance of the placental calcium gradient. We suggest that the fetus actively produces 1,25(OH)2D and hence has the capacity to control its calcium influx.

24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3↗
PubMed1984

Flupenthixol versus diazepam in the treatment of psychosomatic disorders: a double-blind, multi-centre trial in general practice.

In a Finnish general practice 120 patients with psychosomatic disorders, manifest as syndromes of tension headache, cardiac neurosis, dizziness or muscular tension, were randomly allocated to treatment over a 4-week period with either flupenthixol (1 to 2 mg per day) or diazepam (5 to 10 mg mg per day). The 4 syndromes and 12 associated symptoms (anxiety, fatigue, depression, pain, asthenia, muscle fatiguability, tension, dyspnoea, restlessness, palpitations, sleep disorders, and vertigo) were rated on a 4-point scale on entry, at 2 weeks and at 4 weeks. Both drugs reduced significantly the average total scores for syndromes and single symptoms after 2-weeks' treatment. Flupenthixol was the more effective in relieving fatigue and vertigo; diazepam in relieving headache, anxiety, tension, restlessness and sleep disturbance. Cardiac neurosis, palpitations and general muscular tension responded poorly to both drugs. After 4 weeks, relief of vertigo, pain and fatigue was more evident in the flupenthixol group, and of anxiety, tension and restlessness in the diazepam group. Side-effects were complained of at some stage by 17 patients in the flupenthixol group (9 of fatigue, 5 of sleep disturbance, 1 of constipation, 1 of extrapyramidal symptoms, and 1 of weight gain) and by 16 patients in the diazepam group (10 of fatigue, 4 of sleep problems and 2 of diarrhoea).

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A method for routine estimation of vitamin D activity in human and bovine milk.

To estimate the antirachitic activity of human and bovine milk, we developed a modern biochemical method for determining vitamin D metabolites in milk. Vitamin D metabolites were assayed from milk whey and from whole milk. Milk whey yielded poor recovery of both endogenous and added vitamin D, suggesting a marked loss of vitamin D activity to milk fat during homogenization and separation of the milk whey. A method for assaying the vitamin D metabolites in whole milk involves 1) lipid extraction, 2) cold methanol and ether precipitation, 3) alkaline backwash to reduce the amount of interfering lipids, 4) an efficient reverse-phase preparative purification, 5) an additional silica purification for vitamin D, 6) an analytical high-performance liquid chromatography, and 7) separate sensitized protein-binding assays for vitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D. The method for whole milk resulted in good recovery of added vitamin D, and levels of assayed metabolites and their calculated antirachitic activity agreed well with earlier reports, that is, about 10-50 IU of vitamin D activity per liter.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Vitamin A, D and E status in a Finnish population--a multivitamin study.

The serum concentrations of the three fat-soluble vitamins A, D and E, and the serum transport proteins for the first of these, were measured during the winter and summer in a healthy adult Finnish population. No statistically significant differences were found in the levels of vitamins A and E between the seasons. However, a marked seasonal variation was found in the levels of vitamin D metabolites, the serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D being higher in summer, and that of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D somewhat higher in winter, whereas the concentration of vitamin D-binding globulin remained constant throughout. The serum concentrations of vitamins A and E showed a marked interrelationship with a significant correlation (r = 0.512, P less than 0.001, n = 80). No outright deficiencies of the vitamins were found in this study, but the serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were rather low in winter. Supplementation with a moderate dose of vitamins A and E over a 2-month winter period did not affect the serum concentrations of these vitamins, whereas 250-500 i.u. of vitamin D daily markedly elevated the low 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

A study of attempted suicides in urban versus rural areas, with a follow-up.

The group of subjects consisted of 44 patients (attempters) who were admitted to hospital for treatment because of attempted suicide during a 3-month period in Norther Savo (in Eastern Finland), another 44 patients (non-attempters) admitted to hospital in the same period for other reasons serving as controls. The number of women was the same in both groups, and so was, in consequence, the number of men. The study compared the attempters with the non-attempters and, in addition, the patients coming from urban areas with those coming from rural areas, the ratio of the urban to the rural patients being the same in both groups. The study was based on personal psychiatric interviews with the patients, which took place in each case both immediately following the patient's admission and precisely 3 months afterwards. The results showed that schizophrenia was significantly more frequent in the rural than in the urban attempter group. By contrast, alcoholism and alcohol abuse were more frequent in the urban than in the rural attempter group. Compared with the urban patients, the rural patients tended to be physically more seriously desordered. Poisoning by drugs was a significantly more frequent means of attempted suicide in the urban than in th rural group. The patients in the latter group, again, had resorted oftener to the so-called "active" methods of attempted suicide. Of the attempters, 25% attempted suicide anew during the 3-month follow-up period, the corresponding figure for the non-attempter group being only 6%. During the follow-up period, a greater number of suicidal attempts was made by the patients in the rural group than by those in the urban group, and, as regards the intent to succeed, the attempts of the former were more serious than those of the latter. The so-called "active" methods were used more often by rural than by urban patients also during the follow-up period. All in all, the self-destructive behaviour exhibited during the follow-up period was graver in the rural than in the urban group.

Adult↗