[Relation between effusion cytology and clinical condition].
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Ascitic Fluid↗
Biomedical subjects
T Koshikawa
Publications and source records attributed to T Koshikawa.
Difficulties in evaluating urinary specimens after local mitomycin therapy of bladder cancer.
In order to describe the cytological changes induced by mitomycin in urinary specimens, we re-examined cytological specimens from patients with recurring bladder cancer treated by long-term intravesical mitomycin therapy after transurethral resection. Local mitomycin therapy causes an increase of leukocytes and urothelial cells, especially of the umbrella-cell type, in urinary specimens. During and after the application of mitomycin, the nucleus and the cytoplasm of urothelial cells are enlarged, usually proportionally. Urothelial cells frequently show a giant nucleus, multiple prominent nucleoli, and an enlarged foamy cytoplasm of the umbrella-cell type. Anisokaryosis is also seen. Such cytological changes are more remarkable later in the course of therapy and after the end of therapy, and they often confuse cytological interpretation. However, the nuclei of urothelial cells are usually translucent and not hyperchromatic, and there is rarely a coarse chromatin pattern. On the other hand, in positive specimens during or after local mitomycin therapy, usually a number of tumor cells showing nuclear enlargement, hyperchromatic nuclei, coarse chromatin pattern, and/or increased nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio are found beside the atypical cells changed by mitomycin.
Aged↗
Effects of smooth muscle cell derived growth factor (SDGF) in combination with other growth factors on smooth muscle cells.
Recently intimal thickening was shown to be due to stimulation of proliferation of arterial smooth muscle cells (SMC) by autocrine secretion of growth factor(s). We have reported that cultured rabbit aortic SMC secrete a growth factor (SDGF) distinct from other known growth factors. This paper reports on studies on the biological characteristics of SDGF. Putative "competence" and "progression" growth factors synergistically stimulated DNA synthesis of cultured rabbit aortic SMC. Conditioned medium (CM) from SMC containing SDGF stimulated DNA synthesis in SMC synergistically with either the competence factors or the progression factors. This synergistic effect was also observed in the presence of optimal concentrations of both competence and progression factors. The continuous presence of CM was essential for its stimulation of DNA synthesis whereas the presence of PDGF for only the first 4 h of culture was sufficient to induce maximum stimulation of DNA synthesis. These results suggest that SDGF is a new growth factor distinct from either competence or progression factors and that it stimulates a different pathway in SMC from those stimulated by other known growth factors.
Animals↗
Role of outer coat in resistance of Bacillus megaterium spore.
The outer coat fraction (OC-Fr) of Bacillus megaterium ATCC 12872 spore was isolated as a resistant residue after alkali extraction, sonic treatment, and pronase digestion of the spore coat preparation, and its backbone structure was determined by chemical analysis to be composed of galactosamine-6-phosphate (GalN-P) polymers with polypeptides and calcium. OC-Fr was not fully solubilized after ordinary acid hydrolysis. OC-Fr was insensitive to all hexosaminidases tested, and moreover, an isolated fragment, a pentamer of GalN-P, was also resistant to lysozyme and hexosaminidases even after N-acetylation, being sensitive to them to some extent after dephosphorylation. Molecular sieving experiments revealed that the outer coat limited the entry of compounds with a molecular weight of more than 2,000. Exchange of the metal on the spore surface also influenced the heat resistance. Spores of OC-Fr-deficient mutants were less resistant but were still much more resistant than the vegetative cells. These results suggest that the outer coat protects the contents of the spore against chemical, physical and enzymatic treatments owing to the chemical structure itself, composed mainly of GalN-P polymers, and the molecular sieving effect.
Bacillus megaterium↗
Clinicohistopathologic and immunohistochemical studies of intrapancreatic development of carcinoma of the head of the pancreas.
Clinicohistopathologic and immunohistochemical studies of intrapancreatic development of duct cell carcinoma of the head of the pancreas to the body and tail were done in 34 cases in which total pancreatectomy accompanied by portal vein resection were performed from July 1981 to June 1987. In studies of hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, intrapancreatic development from the head to the body or tail was observed in 14 cases of 34 cases (41.1%). Multicentricity or skip development was observed in two of 14 cases. However, by using immunostaining of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and DUPAN2, small cancer nests surrounded by dense fibrous connective tissues could be easily and accurately diagnosed, and finally, in 25 of 34 cases (73.5%), intrapancreatic continuous development from the head to body or tail was observed. The intrapancreatic development correlated with portal invasion and perineural invasion of carcinoma, hardness of body and tail, obstruction of the main pancreatic duct, and irregular pancreaticogram. The intraoperative quick immunostaining on the cryostat sections, together with HE staining, is useful to determine the intrapancreatic development of the carcinoma. The indication of total pancreatectomy or pancreatoduodenectomy for carcinoma of the head of the pancreas can be determined by these results.
Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
Surface hydrophobicity of spores of Bacillus spp.
The surface hydrophobicity of 12 strains of Bacillus spp. was examined in a hexadecane-aqueous partition system. Mature and germinated spores of Bacillus megaterium QM B1551 transferred to the hexadecane layer, while vegetative and sporulating cells did not. Wild-type spores were more hydrophobic than spores of an exosporium-deficient mutant of B. megaterium QM B1551, although the mutant spores were shown to be hydrophobic to some extent by using increased volumes of hexadecane. This result suggests that the exosporium is more hydrophobic than the spore coat and that the surface hydrophobicity of spores depends mainly on components of the exosporium. The surface hydrophobicity of spores of nine other species of Bacillus was also examined, and spores having an exosporium were more hydrophobic than those lacking an exosporium. Thus measurement of the hydrophobicity of spores by the hexadecane partition method may provide a simple and rapid preliminary means of determining the presence or absence of an exosporium.
Alkanes↗
Elevated concentrations of brain-type glycogen phosphorylase in renal cell carcinoma.
We determined tissue concentrations of brain-type glycogen phosphorylase in normal kidney and renal cell carcinoma by enzyme immunoassay; we also localized it immunohistochemically. Tissue concentration of brain-type glycogen phosphorylase in the renal cortex (n = 13) was 1430 +/- 709 ng/mg protein (mean +/- standard deviation) and that in the medulla (n = 13) was 1270 +/- 635 ng/mg protein. On the other hand, the concentration in renal cell carcinoma (n = 26) was 2530 +/- 1540 ng/mg protein, ranging from 520 to 6860 ng/mg, significantly higher than those in renal cortex and medulla. Clear cell type tumors contained slightly higher levels of the phosphorylase (2600 +/- 1430 ng/mg protein) than granular cell type tumors (2100 +/- 1520 ng/mg protein). In renal tissues, brain-type glycogen phosphorylase was immunohistochemically localized in epithelial cells of proximal and distal tubules, collecting tubules, thick and thin limbs of loops of Henle, and Bowman's capsules. In renal cell carcinoma, the phosphorylase was immunohistochemically demonstrated in 97% (34/35) of cases, including one sarcomatoid variant. These findings indicate that renal cell carcinoma cells contain enhanced tissue levels of brain-type glycogen phosphorylase.
Brain↗
Human brain-type glycogen phosphorylase: quantitative localization in human tissues determined with an immunoassay system.
Glycogen phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.1) from human brain tissue was purified to homogeneity. Antisera were developed in rabbits with purified phosphorylase as the immunogen. Antibodies were first affinity-purified with a column of brain phosphorylase-coupled Sepharose, and then the antibody fraction was adsorbed with a column of muscle phosphorylase-coupled Sepharose to remove antibodies reactive also with muscle phosphorylase. By using the specific antibodies, a sandwich-type immunoassay system for measurement of brain phosphorylase was prepared. The assay system consisted of polystyrene balls with immobilized antibrain phosphorylase F(ab')2 fragments and the same antibody Fab' fragments labeled with beta-D-galactosidase from Escherichia coli. The assay was sensitive and specific to the brain phosphorylase. The minimum detection limit of the assay was 0.1 ng/assay tube, and the cross-reactivity of the assay with muscle phosphorylase was less than 1%. Tissue concentrations of immunoreactive brain-type phosphorylase were estimated. The phosphorylase was present in the heart at as high a level as in the brain. The immunoreactivity for brain phosphorylase was distributed widely at a significant concentration in various peripheral tissues, such as the digestive tract, bladder, aorta, liver, and testis. Immunohistochemical localization of brain phosphorylase in the CNS revealed that the enzyme is present in most astrocytes and amyloid bodies, as well as in some neurons in the cerebral cortex and Golgi cells in the cerebellar cortex.
Brain↗
Secretion of a new growth factor, smooth muscle cell derived growth factor, distinct from platelet derived growth factor by cultured rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells.
In attempts to determine the mechanism of proliferation of arterial smooth muscle cells (SMC) in intimal atheromatous lesions, autocrine secretion of growth factors by SMC has recently received much attention. Here we report a new growth factor named smooth muscle cell derived growth factor (SDGF). Cultured rabbit medial SMC secreted SDGF for 1 week during their incubation in serum-free media only after at least 4 passages. SDGF differed from platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) physicochemically, immunologically, and biologically. The properties of SDGF also seemed different from those of other known growth factors that stimulate the proliferation of mesenchymal cells.
Animals↗
Monoclonal antibodies to O4 antigen of Vibrio parahaemolyticus.
Four monoclonal antibodies were prepared against O4 antigen of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. All the antibodies were shown to be specific for O4 antigen by agglutination with heat-killed O-cells of the organism and precipitation with LPS preparations. The inhibition experiments of the precipitations with various sugars and oligosaccharides suggested that the combining sites of these hybridoma antibodies were directed to an antigenic determinant structure containing----3 and----6 linked D-glucose, D-galactose, and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine.
Agglutination↗
A case of ovarian granulosa cell tumor with invasive adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. A case report and review of the Japanese literature.
A 47-year-old woman was admitted complaining of irregular uterine bleeding. On surgery, an ovarian tumor was found together with a broad-based polypoid endometrial mass. These lesions were histologically diagnosed as granulosa cell tumor with invasive adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. To our knowledge, only four other cases of granulosa cell tumor with adenocarcinoma of the endometrium have been reported in Japan, although our case was unique in showing invasion to the uterine myometrium.
Adenocarcinoma↗
[Analysis for bacterial spore-specific dipicolinic acid by high-pressure liquid chromatography].
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Bacillus↗
Cholestatic liver disease in a 20-yr-old woman with histiocytosis X.
A 20-yr-old woman with known diabetes insipidus complained of high fever and jaundice. Liver specimens biopsied under peritoneoscopy showed proliferating histiocytic or foamy cells in periportal areas. Immunocytochemical investigation demonstrated the presence of S-100 protein, but the absence of lysozyme in their histiocytic cells, and ultrastructural study revealed Birbeck granules in them. Vinblastine therapy reduced jaundice and high fever, and diabetes insipidus was controlled. Clinical, immunohistological, and cytological features suggested Letter-Siwe disease with jaundice, which responded well to treatment.
Adult↗
Isolation and characterization of forespores from Bacillus megaterium.
A procedure for isolation of intact forespores from sporulating Bacillus megaterium cells was developed. The cells were digested with lysozyme and made to release free forespores from the protoplasts by disruption of the cytoplasmic membrane with sonication in phosphate buffer containing 10% glycerol. The suitability of the procedure was confirmed by recovery of dipicolinic acid in the isolated forespores and an electron microscopic observation. The fine structure of the forespores prepared at 6 hr (t6) after initiation of sporulation was similar to that of mature spores, except that the cortex layer and primordial cell wall were thinner and the core was larger. The density, determined by density gradient centrifugation, of the forespores isolated at t6, t10, t12, and mature spores was estimated to be 1.2783, 1.2875, 1.2861, and 1.2858, respectively. The isolated forespores at t6 and t8 were extremely heat labile (D80 of 9.5 and 21.5 min, respectively) relative to mature spores (D80 of 277.8 min). These forespores were also less resistant to organic solvents. Germination of the forespores as well as mature spores was induced by KNO3, D-glucose, and L-leucine. Forespores at t6 were more sensitive to KNO3-induced germination than those at t10, t12, and mature spores when measured by reduction in the optical density of cell suspension.
Bacillus megaterium↗
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma arising from the renal capsule: report of a case.
We report a case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma arising from the renal capsule. The tumor was found during screening ultrasonography. Surgical excision and adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, adriamycin and actinomycin D were performed. There has been no recurrence as of 2 years and 4 months after the operation. We reviewed the 5 other cases of malignant fibrous histiocytoma arising from the renal capsule.
Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous↗
[Clinicohistopathological and immunohistochemical studies on intrapancreatic spread of pancreatic carcinoma].
Clinicohistopathological and immunohistochemical studies on intrapancreatic spread of pancreatic carcinoma were performed on 30 cases with total pancreatectomy accompanied by portal vein resection. In the observation of HE stained tissue sections of 25 cases of carcinoma of head of the pancreas, the intrapancreatic spread from the head to body or tail was observed in 9 out of 25 cases (36%). However, by the immunostaining of CEA, CA19-9 and Dupan 2, small cancer nests surrounded by fibrous tissues could be easily detected and intrapancreatic continuous spread from the head to body or tail was observed in 15 out of 25 cases (60%). The intrapancreatic spread of the carcinoma correlated with portal invasion of carcinoma, hardness of the body and tail, obstruction of main pancreatic duct and irregular pancreaticogram. The intraoperative quick immunostaining on the cryostat sections of the pancreatic tissue, together with the HE staining, is useful to determine the intrapancreatic spread of the carcinoma. The indication of total pancreatectomy for pancreatic carcinoma can be determined by these results.
Antigens, Neoplasm↗
Hepatic vascular endothelial cells heterogenously express surface antigens associated with monocytes, macrophages and T lymphocytes.
During studies of the antigenic and functional properties of hepatic sinusoidal lining cells in situ, we found that only the sinusoidal endothelial cells share antigens with a peripheral blood macrophage subset capable of presenting soluble antigens and triggering autologous mixed lymphocyte reactions. They were HLA-DR+, OKM1-, OKM5+. Vascular endothelial cells in the portal areas and central veins were HLA-DR+, OKM1- and OKM5-. The sinusoidal endothelial cells also expressed an antigen found on helper/inducer (OKT4 and Leu3 a) T lymphocytes. Thus, the present study suggests that endothelial cells in different anatomic compartments in the liver heterogenously express surface antigens associated with monocytes, macrophages and T lymphocytes and possess distinct immunological functions.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Cross-reaction of synthetic alpha-(1----3)-branched glucans with rabbit anti-N4 dextran.
Cross-reactions of four synthetic branched glucans (3-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1----6)-alpha-D-glucopyranans: V39, V17, V37, and V32, each containing one unit glucose branches amounting to 11-12%, 33-43%, 50-54%, and 71-100%, respectively) with rabbit anti-N4 dextran were examined. All four samples precipitated antibodies raised in rabbits by injecting N4 dextran-concanavalin A conjugate. The ability of glucans to precipitate antibody depended on the quantity of branches, samples with more branches precipitating less antibody nitrogen under the same conditions. This may indicate an inhibitory effect of the branches on precipitation. Oligosaccharide inhibition assay showed that the precipitation reactions were specific for (1----6)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl linkages, and the maximum size of the alpha-(1----6)-specific antibody combining site corresponded to isomaltopentaose. Determination of antibody nitrogen and glucan in the precipitates indicated that the ratios of one combining site of antibody to numbers of glucose residues were 1:9 (V39), 1:11 (V17), and 1:16 (V37) in the extreme antibody excess region. A synthetic sample of manno-glucan ((1----6)-alpha-D-glucopyranan containing about 27% of randomly linked 3-O-alpha-D-mannopyranosyl side chains) also reacted with the same antibody.
Animals↗