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Biomedical subjects

T Kosaka

Publications and source records attributed to T Kosaka.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[A long-surviving case of gastric cancer with liver metastasis without signs of recurrence for six years after palliative operation].

A 51-year-old man was admitted because of Borrmann 2 type gastric cancer located in the antrum. Since he had bilateral liver metastasis, palliative gastrectomy and liver biopsy was performed. Histopathologically, the primary cancer showed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and the liver biopsy showed the same. This patient has been alive without sign of recurrence for more than six years after he was given 40 mg of MMC, 12.5 KE of Picibanil and 528 g of PSK postoperatively. In addition, eight similar cases, with a survival rate of more than 5 years after resection of liver metastasis, have been reported in Japan and are reviewed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Complete atrioventricular block with a 22-month history of ocular sarcoidosis: a case report.

A 52-year-old woman with acute uveitis associated with ocular sarcoidosis developed complete atrioventricular block 22 months after the initial diagnosis was made. Cardiac sarcoidosis is a serious and, not infrequently, a fatal disease. Although it is difficult to establish the clinical diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis, a serial ECG is considered necessary in patients with any kind of sarcoidosis.

Cardiomyopathies↗
PubMed1986

Three-dimensional structure of astrocytes in the rat dentate gyrus.

Structural features of astrocytes in the rat dentate gyrus were studied by means of light and high-voltage electron microscopy of Golgi-impregnated materials, conventional electron microscopy, combined Golgi-electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry for glial fibrillar acidic protein. Astrocytes in the dentate gyrus were of the protoplasmic type and were classified into six subtypes based on the location of their somata; i.e., astrocytes in the polymorph layer, in the subgranular zone, in the granular cell layer, at the border of the granular cell layer and the molecular layer, in the molecular layer, and subjacent to the pia surface. Stereoscopic observations of 5-micron-thick sections of Golgi-impregnated materials revealed three-dimensional structural details of astroglial processes not apparent in either the light microscope or in conventional thin-section electron microscopy. Most of them were basically thin sheets, varying in shape and size in accordance with their sites. In the granule cell layer, thin veillike sheets or lamellae, originating from three kinds of astrocytes (subtypes 2, 3, and 4), intervened between granule cell somata, whereas in the plexiform and molecular layers small leafletlike appendages originating from astrocytes (subtypes 1, 2, 4, and 5) intermingled with one another, making spongelike conglomerates. Thus astrocytes in the subgranular zone and those at the border of the granule cell layer and the molecular layer showed prominent regional differentiation of their processes among layers. In addition to these sheetlike processes, thin threadlike processes were also common.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Use of high concentrations of glutaraldehyde for immunocytochemistry of transmitter-synthesizing enzymes in the central nervous system.

Aldehyde fixatives containing high concentrations of glutaraldehyde, usually used for conventional electron microscope studies, were successfully used for immunocytochemistry of transmitter synthesizing enzymes, glutamate decarboxylase and tyrosine hydroxylase, in the rat central nervous system. Although a high concentration of glutaraldehyde could cause tremendous non-specific staining, this was almost completely absent after treating sections with 1% sodium borohydride for 30 min. Furthermore, it was shown that a high concentration of glutaraldehyde might cause no appreciable reduction of the antigenicities of glutamate decarboxylase and tyrosine hydroxylase when compared with fixatives containing a low concentration of glutaraldehyde. It is suggested that fixatives containing high concentrations of glutaraldehyde are very useful, not only for conventional electron microscope studies, but also for light and electron microscope immunocytochemistry of some antigens, including glutamate decarboxylase and tyrosine hydroxylase.

Aldehydes↗
PubMed1985

GABAergic neurons containing CCK-8-like and/or VIP-like immunoreactivities in the rat hippocampus and dentate gyrus.

The coexistence of cholecystokinin-octapeptide-like (CCK-L) and/or vasoactive-intestinal-polypeptide-like immunoreactive (VIP-LI) materials and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) was studied in the rat hippocampus and dentate gyrus by means of immunohistochemistry. Consecutive 40-micron-thick sections were incubated in different antisera and those cells which were bisected by the plane of sectioning so as to be included at the paired surfaces of two adjacent sections were identified. The coexistence of the immunoreactivities for these peptides and GAD in the same cell could thus be determined by observing the immunoreactivity of the two halves of the cell, incubated in two different antisera. Almost all of the CCK-LI neurons were also GAD immunoreactive, whereas only about 10% of the GAD-immunoreactive neurons were CCK-LI. The percentages of GAD-immunoreactive neurons which were also immunoreactive for CCK were dependent on the laminar area in which they were found: i.e., 15-20% in the stratum radiatum of the hippocampus, about 10% in the stratum pyramidale, and about 6% in the stratum oriens. In contrast to the CCK-LI neurons, only about 40% of the VIP-LI neurons were identified to be also GAD immunoreactive, which might correspond to only part of the GAD-immunoreactive neurons. Furthermore the coexistence of VIP-LI and CCK-LI materials was recognized in about 10% of the CCK-LI neurons or about 35% of the VIP-LI neurons, indicating that some GABAergic neurons (presumably about 1%) in the rat hippocampus and dentate gyrus may contain both CCK-LI and VIP-LI materials.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Coexistence of immunoreactivities for glutamate decarboxylase and tyrosine hydroxylase in some neurons in the periglomerular region of the rat main olfactory bulb: possible coexistence of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and dopamine.

The coexistence of immunoreactivities for glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was revealed in some neurons in the periglomerular region and in the superficial part of the external plexiform layer of the rat main olfactory bulb. In neurons showing the immunoreactivity for either GAD or TH, about 10-55% showed both immunoreactivities.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Gap junctions between non-pyramidal cell dendrites in the rat hippocampus (CA1 and CA3 regions): a combined Golgi-electron microscopy study.

Non-pyramidal cells in the rat hippocampus were examined with a combined Golgi-electron microscopic method. The somata of non-pyramidal cells were ovoid, about 15 X 30 micron, and several smooth and/or varicose dendrites extended from them. With electron microscopy, Golgi-impregnated gold-toned non-pyramidal cells showed distinctive fine structural features. The somata displayed large nuclei and an extensive perikaryal cytoplasm. The nuclei showed extensive cytoplasmic invaginations, little heterochromatin, conspicuous nucleoli, and intranuclear rods composed of filamentous bundles. The perikaryal cytoplasm was rich in cell organelles such as well-developed cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, and numerous clusters of free ribosomes and mitochondria. Many synaptic boutons, most of which formed asymmetrical synapses, impinged upon the somata and dendrites. Gap junctions were seen on varicose dendrites of Golgi-impregnated non-pyramidal cells. These gap junctions were patch-like, about 0.1-0.6 micron in diameter, and situated in the stratum radiatum or stratum oriens of the CA1 and CA3 regions 70-230 micron from the soma. They displayed a characteristic cytoplasmic semidense material undercoating the junctional membranes. The gap junctions were usually formed between impregnated and unimpregnated varicose dendrites. Thirteen of a total of 22 gap junctions involving the impregnated dendrites were situated singly, whereas the remaining nine were on four impregnated dendrites in clusters of two or three side by side. In the latter cases, two pairs of junctions were formed between pairs of dendrites running parallel to each other, and each of the other two pairs was formed among three dendrites, appearing to make a dendritic network bridged by gap junctions. One gap junction was seen between two impregnated dendrites originating from two identified Golgi-impregnated non-pyramidal cells. These observations revealed unequivocally that non-pyramidal cells in the hippocampus form gap junctions with one another on their dendrites.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Thirteen-week subacute toxicity study of 4-bromophenyl chloromethyl sulfone (BCS) in rats.

Four groups of 12 Wistar SPF rats of both sexes were fed diets containing 4-bromophenyl chloromethyl sulfone (BCS) at the levels of 0, 20, 100 or 500 ppm for 13 weeks to evaluate the subacute toxicity. Males and females in the 500 ppm group showed increases in plasma protein and calcium and a decreased A/G ratio. The values of plasma total cholesterol and uric acid increased in this female group. In addition, significant increases in both absolute and relative weights were seen in the liver, thyroid and adrenal of this group of both sexes, together with the increased kidney weight in males. All males and females in the 500 ppm group had centrilobular hepatocellular swelling of the liver consisting of proliferation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Males of this group also showed increased incidences of hyalin droplet degeneration of the proximal tubular epithelium and focal tubular atrophy of the kidney. The maximum no-effect level of BCS was determined to be 100 ppm (males: 6.25 mg/kg/day, females: 6.80 mg/kg/day).

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Screening for colorectal cancer based on our experience with early colorectal cancer and adenoma].

In order to establish method of screening for colorectal cancer, we studied clinicopathological features in 116 cases of adenoma, precancerous lesion, and in 80 cases of early colorectal cancer. The incidence of early cancer began to rise at the age of more than 40, reaching a peak in the sixth decade. The risk for men was higher than for women. In relation to the location of these lesions, 71% of the adenoma and 91% of the early cancer were in the left colon and rectum. As symptoms on admission, overt bleeding from the rectum appeared in 35% of the adenoma and in 56% of the early cancer patients, respectively. Therefore, we emphasize that it is extremely important to examine overt and occult bleeding as the first screening for colorectal cancer.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1985

Antinociceptive properties of a new tetrapeptide, Asn-Ala-Gly-Ala, in mice.

The effect of intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) administered Asn-Ala-Gly-Ala (NAGA), a partial sequence of beta-lipotropin, was investigated using the tail-pressure, hot-plate and phenylbenzoquinone (PBQ)-induced writhing tests in mice. I.c.v. administration of NAGA produced a dose-dependent inhibition of responses as measured by the three different assays. The ED50 of NAGA on the tail-pressure test did not differ from that obtained on the hot-plate test. NAGA showed a prominent reduction in activity on the PBQ writhing as compared with the hot-plate and tail-pressure tests. A low dose of naloxone (0.1-1.0 mg/kg, s.c.) resulted in a dose-dependent antagonism of the effect of NAGA in all assays. These data suggest that the antinociceptive effect induced by NAGA may involve the endogenous opioid system in mice.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1984

GABAergic synaptic boutons in the granule cell layer of rat dentate gyrus.

GABAergic synapses in the granule cell layer of the rat dentate gyrus were examined light and electron microscopically with glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) immunocytochemistry. GAD-immunoreactive synaptic boutons formed synapses with axon initial segments and somatic spines as well as somata and dendritic shafts of the granule cell. Most of these synapses were symmetrical, while a few were asymmetrical.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Evaluation of preoperative administration of N1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (FT-207) suppository in surgical adjuvant chemotherapy for large bowel cancer].

A prospective randomized study was performed for 72 patients with large bowel cancer, and 36 cases each of rectal cancer and colonic cancer, who had received curative resection respectively. The regimen consisted of two adjuvant chemotherapies: group A, postoperative administration of FT-207 suppository; group B; preoperative and postoperative administration of the same suppository. A follow-up study was then done. The results revealed the 5-year survival rate to be 65.1% for group A and 72.4% for group, B respectively. With rectal cancer, 5-year survival was 57.8% for group A and 70.5% for group B respectively. In colonic cancer the figures were 70.8% for group A and 75.0% for group B. Thus, there was no significant difference but a somewhat higher survival rate was observed in the preoperative plus postoperative administration group. Comparison of in the prognosis two groups classified according to the degree of nodal metastasis and invasion revealed good results in group B. The above-mentioned facts suggest that pre- and post-operative administration of FT-207 suppositories as adjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal cancer is superior to postoperative use alone.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[The clinical significance of an oscillating flap in the acute stage of dissecting aneurysm: report of three cases].

The important two-dimensional echocardiographic finding of dissecting aneurysm in the acute stage is characterized by the presence of an oscillating intimal flap which is thought to be of highly diagnostic value. This report describes about three cases with dissecting aneurysm in which an oscillating flap was transiently observed. In Case 1 (62-year-old female), an oscillating flap observed in the aortic arch seven hours after the onset was not detected three days later. A flap in Case 2 (65-year-old male) which had been present in the descending aorta three hours after the onset of illness disappeared two days later. In Case 3 (55-year-old male), only an intimal flap without fine oscillation was demonstrated in the abdominal aorta by echocardiography performed three days after the onset of illness. In the acute phase of dissection, the echocardiographic detection of an oscillating flap seems to depend on the time of the study after the attack.

Aged↗