Analysis of DNA ploidy patterns was performed on 129 cases of primary gastric cancer and the results were correlated with histologic findings and in vivo bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling. Forty-nine cases were diploid (38%) and 80 cases were aneuploid (62%). There was no correlation between DNA ploidy and histologic type. In aneuploid tumors, incidence of lymphatic invasion, lymph node metastasis, and rate of advanced cases were significantly higher than those in diploid tumors. During the follow-up period of 5 to 10 years, 23 of 40 patients (55%) with aneuploid tumors died of disease within 3 to 120 months. Only 13 of 36 patients (36%) with diploid tumors died of disease. The BrdU labeling indices (BrdU LI) ranged from 2.8% to 26.7%, with a mean of 10.4%. There was no correlation between BrdU LI and histologic type or stage. The mean BrdU LI of early cancers was 8.1%. The mean BrdU LI of advanced cancers was 11.9%. The BrdU LI of cancers with lymphatic invasion or lymph node metastasis was higher than those without them. The mean BrdU LI of diploid cancers was 6.0%. The mean BrdU LI of aneuploid cancers was 11.9%. There was a good correlation between BrdU LI and DNA ploidy patterns. These results indicate that DNA ploidy patterns and BrdU LI may possibly be useful prognostic markers for gastric cancers.

Bromodeoxyuridine↗

PubMed1988

Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA encoding the precursor of a human endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor peptide, endothelin: identity of human and porcine endothelin.

A cDNA encoding a human endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor peptide, endothelin, was isolated from a human placenta cDNA library. The nucleotide sequence of this cDNA clone showed that the primary structure of the human preproendothelin has 212 amino acid residues and is highly homologous to porcine preproendothelin, and that human endothelin is identical with porcine endothelin.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1988

Effect of continuous illumination on secretion of pregnane compounds by the rat ovary.

Differences in the secretion of pregnane compounds from rats with follicular polycystic ovaries under constant light and with normal preovulatory ovaries under light-dark conditions were compared. The injection of LH greatly increased the secretion of progesterone. 5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione and 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one, in both types of ovaries, but the response of the two progesterone metabolites in the polycystic ovaries was low, suggesting low 5 alpha-reductase activity.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

GABAergic neurons containing somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in the rat hippocampus and dentate gyrus.

The distribution of somatostatin-like immunoreactive (SS-LI) material and its colocalization with glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)-like immunoreactivity were studied in the rat hippocampus and dentate gyrus neurons using immunohistochemistry. In the dentate gyrus and CA1 region, SS-LI perikarya were concentrated in the hilus and in the stratum oriens, respectively, whereas immunoreactive cell bodies were rarely seen in other layers. Approximately half of the SS-LI neurons of the CA3 region were situated in the stratum oriens, the other half being scattered in strata pyramidale, lucidum and radiatum. About 90% of SS-LI neurons were also GAD-like immunoreactive, whereas about 14% of GAD-like immunoreactive (GAD-LI) neurons were SS-like immunoreactive. The percentage of GAD-LI neurons which were also immunoreactive for SS varied from one layer to the other. This percentage was about 30% in the hilus of the dentate gyrus and in the stratum oriens of the CA1 and CA3 regions; it was 5-10% in the strata pyramidale, lucidum and radiatum of the CA3 region and reached only 2% in the granule cell layer and molecular layer of the dentate gyrus and in the stratum pyramidale and stratum radiatum in the CA1 region. These observations indicate that the majority of SS-LI neurons in the rat hippocampal formation are a subpopulation of GABAergic neurons.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Cholinergic neurons containing GABA-like and/or glutamic acid decarboxylase-like immunoreactivities in various brain regions of the rat.

The coexistence of immunoreactivities for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and/or gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was revealed in some brain regions of the rat, using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. Consecutive 40 micron thick vibratome sections were incubated in different antisera and those cells which were bisected by the plane of sectioning so as to be included at the paired surfaces of two adjacent sections were identified. The coexistence of the immunoreactivities for ChAT and GAD or GABA in the same cell could thus be determined by observing the immunoreactivity of the two halves of the cell incubated in two different antisera. In the retina, cerebral cortex, basal forebrain and spinal cord, colocalization of ChAT-like and GAD-like or GABA-like immunoreactivities was observed in some cell types, whereas no such colocalization was observed in cells in the striatum or brainstem. In the retina, the majority of ChAT-like immunoreactive (ChAT-LI) amacrine cells contained GABA-like or GAD-like immunoreactivity. About half of the ChAT-LI neurons in the cerebral cortex showed GABA-like immunoreactivity. In the basal forebrain only a small proportion of ChAT-LI neurons (0.6%) contained GAD-like immunoreactivity. In the spinal cord, about one-third of ChAT-LI central canal cluster cells and about half of ChAT-LI dorsal horn cells showed GAD-like and/or GABA-like immunoreactivities. These observations indicate the possible coexistence of two classical transmitters, GABA and acetylcholine, in various brain regions and spinal cord of the rat.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Possible coexistence of amino acid (gamma-aminobutyric acid), amine (dopamine) and peptide (substance P); neurons containing immunoreactivities for glutamic acid decarboxylase, tyrosine hydroxylase and substance P in the hamster main olfactory bulb.

The coexistence of immunoreactivities for glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and substance P (SP) was revealed in the hamster main olfactory bulb, using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemical method. Adjacent 40 micron thick Vibratome sections were incubated in different antisera and those cells which were bisected by the plane of sectioning were identified at the paired surfaces of two consecutive sections. The coexistence of the immunoreactivities for 1) TH and GAD, 2) TH and SP and 3) GAD and SP in the same cells could thus be determined by observing the immunoreactivity of the two halves of the cell incubated in two different antisera. About 70% of TH-like immunoreactive (TH-LI) neurons in the periglomerular region also contained GAD-like immunoreactivity, whereas about 45% of GAD-LI ones were also TH-like immunoreactive. Furthermore, almost all (more than 95%) of SP-LI neurons contained both GAD-like and TH-like immunoreactivities. These observations indicate that in the periglomerular region of the hamster main olfactory bulb, some neurons (about 9% of all neurons containing TH-like and/or GAD-like immunoreactivities) may contain three different categories of neuroactive substances, that is, amino acid (GABA), amine (dopamine) and peptide (SP).

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Immunocytochemical study of GABAergic neurons containing the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin in the rat hippocampus.

The structural features of PV-immunoreactive (PV-I) neurons, a particular subpopulation of GABAergic neurons, in the hippocampus were studied by immunocytochemistry. The PV-I cell bodies were concentrated within the stratum pyramidale (SP) and stratum oriens (SO) in the hippocampus. PV-I puncta were frequent in SP, while they were rarely seen in other layers. The dendritic arborization of PV-I neurons resembled that of some of the nonpyramidal cells observed after Golgi-impregnation. The most commonly observed PV-I neurons had their perikarya located in SP with dendrites extending into SO and the stratum radiatum (SR). Most of the dendrites in SR had typical beaded or varicose segments. The dendrites extending into SO had few beaded parts. There were many bipolar and multipolar neurons with smooth dendrites in SO, but only a small number of such multipolar neurons in SR. An electron microscopic analysis revealed that PV-I products were located to perikarya, dendrites, myelinated axons and synaptic boutons. The perikarya of PV-I neurons exhibited several ultrastructural features of nonpyramidal cells, e.g., abundant cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and other perikaryal organelles, an infolded nuclear envelope and intranuclear inclusions. They received many asymmetric synapses with round presynaptic vesicles. There were numerous PV-I boutons, presumably axonal endings, covering the pyramidal cell bodies. The PV-I boutons also contacted the axon initial segments and proximal dendrites of the pyramidal cells. In addition PV-I terminals were found on somata and dendrites of both PV-I or PV-negative nonpyramidal cells. The results suggest that PV-containing neurons include basket and axo-axonic cells.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Gap junctions on GABAergic neurons containing the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin in the rat hippocampus (CA1 region).

Gap junctions were identified for the first time on chemically defined neurons in the central nervous system. Gap junctions were thus demonstrated on GABAergic neurons containing the calcium-binding on GABAergic neurons containing the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin (PV) in the rat hippocampus. Thin and semithin (0.5 micron thick) sections were cut alternately and consecutively from osmium-fixed tissue which was embedded in epoxy resin and usable for conventional electron microscopic studies. The semithin sections were processed for postembedding immunocytochemistry using an anti-PV serum. Structures corresponding to the PV-immunoreactive (PV-I) profiles on the semithin sections were easily identified on electron micrographs from the adjacent thin sections. Using this technique gap junctions were found (1) between PV-I dendrites, (2) between PV-I dendrites and PV-I somata and (3) between PV-I dendrites and small processes whose origin could not be identified. Despite a systematic search, we did not find gap junction between PV-negative processes.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Effect of Lactobacillus casei: formation of interferon and macrophage activating factor in mice in vivo.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Two cases of coronary artery spasm induced by indocyanine green.

There is no evidence in the literature that coronary artery spasm is induced by indocyanine green (ICG). In the present report, we describe 2 cases who developed chest pain with transient ST elevation on electrocardiograms after intravenous administration of ICG.

Aged↗

PubMed1988

[Acute reversible cataract due to nitrocompounds in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)].

The present study was designed to examine the usefulness of the Japanese quail as an experimental model of cataractogenic activity. Chemicals, 2, 6-dibromo-4-nitro-phenol (2, 6-D), 2, 4-dinitroanisole (2, 4-DA), and 2, 4-dinitrophenol (2, 4-D; for the positive control), were administered singly through an oral route to 2-week old male Japanese quails to investigate the reversibility of cataracts. A single administration of 2, 4-D (36 and 43 mg/kg) produced reversible cataract in 14 of 16 animals (87.5%). This cataract was seen 1 or 2 hours after treatment and continued for 1 to 12 hours. Treatment with 2, 6-D (20 and 25 mg/kg) and 2, 4-DA (120 and 150 mg/kg) caused cataracts in 7 of 11 (63.6%) and 8 of 8 surviving animals (100%), respectively. Cataracts produced by 2, 6-D and 2, 4-DA, which were observed from 1 and 2 to 4 hours after the treatment, continued for 6 to 15 and 1 to 13 hours, respectively. Mortalities in the 25 mg/kg group of 2, 6-D, 120 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg group of 2, 4-DA were found in 2 of 5 animals, 1 of 5 animals and 5 of 9 animals, respectively. These results indicate that the Japanese quail is useful as an animal model to evaluate toxicity to the eye and cataractogenesis.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1988

Changes in plasma progesterone levels during the estrous cycle and pregnancy in 4-day cyclic mice.

Changes in plasma progesterone levels during the estrous cycle and pregnancy were determined in group-housed IVCS strain mice showing regular 4-day cycles in the absence of a male. The pattern of progesterone secretion during the estrous cycle consisted of a large peak and a small one, the former during the late afternoon of proestrus and the latter on the afternoon of metestrus. From Day 0 to Day 2 of pregnancy, a sharp rise was observed, and then this level reached a plateau. A marked increase in progesterone was shown from Day 13 until the day before parturition.

Animals↗