Severe tracheal compression caused by false aneurysm arising from the ascending aorta: successful airway management using induced hypotension and bronchoscopy.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Aortic Aneurysm↗
Biomedical subjects
T Komatsu
Publications and source records attributed to T Komatsu.
Relationship between Mg2(+)-induced hexagonal assembly of R-form lipopolysaccharides and chemical structure of their R-cores.
The relationship between formation of the Mg2(+)-induced hexagonal lattice structure by R-form lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and chemical structure of their R-cores was investigated using different kinds of R-form LPS from a series of mutants of Salmonella minnesota or S. typhimurium. The optimal experimental condition for formation of the hexagonal lattice structure was to suspend LPS preparations, from which cationic material was removed by electrodialysis, in 50 mM tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane buffer at pH 8.5 containing 10 mM MgCl2. Under this experimental condition, Rb1 LPS formed the hexagonal lattice structure with the lattice constant of 14.0 +/- 0.2 nm. Ra LPS, which possesses the full length of R-core, also formed the hexagonal lattice structure but its lattice constant was larger (18.1 +/- 0.2 nm) than that of Rb1 LPS (the lattice structure by Ra LPS was looser than that by Rb1 LPS). All the other R-form LPS preparations tested, RcP+, PcP-, Rd1P-, and Re LPS, whose R-cores are shorter than that of Rb1 LPS, did not form the hexagonal lattice structure, but formed membranous structures showing various shapes which consisted of multiple bilayer structures. Failure to form the hexagonal lattice structure was the common feature of these kinds of R-form LPS irrespective of temperature at which the LPS suspensions in 10 mM MgCl2-50 mM Tris buffer were incubated. From the results of the present study it was concluded that capability of R-form LPS to form the hexagonal lattice structure has a close correlation with the chemical structure of their R-cores.
Carbohydrate Sequence↗
Hepatocellular carcinoma presenting well differentiated, normotrabecular patterns in peripheral or metastatic loci. Analysis of 103 resected cases.
In a series of 103 surgically resected hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs), the tumor boundaries were rather clearly defined in 85 cases (82.5%). Twelve tumors had an ill-defined margin because adjacent pseudolobules were replaced by HCC with a well differentiated growth pattern (group A1). This peripheral pattern was unrelated to the predominant histologic type of the major tumor nodules. Despite its close resemblance to normal hepatic parenchyma, we were able to determine the area of the normotrabecular HCC on the basis of, differences in stain-ability, variable nuclear crowding and frequent microacinar formation. Moreover, scattered occurrence of nuclear atypia and midtrabecular conversion were also observed within the normotrabecular HCC. In an additional 6 cases, a band-like zone of normotrabecular HCC was evident peripherally around the primary lesion (group A2). Fourteen other cases (13.6%) had intrahepatic metastatic lesions formed either within the portal vein or in pseudolobules. Of these, 5 cases showed intrapseudolobular metastases with a normotrabecular pattern (group B). For precise evaluation of surgical HCC specimens, it seems to be particularly important to realize that HCCs sometimes have a highly differentiated appearance in a locus of peripheral invasion as well as intrahepatic metastasis.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
The effect of fatty acids on the rectal absorption of acyclovir in rats.
The enhancing effect of fatty acids on the rectal absorption of acyclovir has been evaluated in rats. Acyclovir proved to be absorbed to the extent of 3 to 9% after oral administration. After rectal administration in the absence of absorption-promoter, the bioavailability of acyclovir was 37%. Its rectal administration with 4% sodium caprate resulted in enhanced bioavailability (81 +/- 3%).
Acyclovir↗
Molecular characterization of an Enterobacter cloacae gene (romA) which pleiotropically inhibits the expression of Escherichia coli outer membrane proteins.
The introduction of a newly cloned Enterobacter cloacae chromosomal gene romA, into Escherichia coli and E. cloacae resulted in enhancement of resistance to quinolones, beta-lactams, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline. The primary effect of romA on a multicopy vector in E. coli was almost complete inhibition of OmpF expression in the outer membrane. From the experiments with ompR and envZ mutants or with ompF-lacZ and ompC-lacZ fusion plasmids, it was concluded that this inhibition is posttranscriptional. The introduction of romA on a multicopy vector into strains with micF deletion elicited only a moderate decrease in OmpF protein expression. This indicates that reduction of OmpF expression by romA is partly mediated posttranscriptionally by the activation of micF. Moreover, the overexpression of RomA protein from an isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG)-inducible promoter resulted in nearly complete inhibition of expression of OmpC and OmpA, as well as OmpF. Taken together with an observation in a recent study that overexpressed OmpC inhibited the synthesis of OmpA and LamB, a possible inhibitory mechanism at the translational stage of the synthesis of outer membrane proteins should also be considered. By Southern hybridization, romA was generally detected in the chromosomes of all E. cloacae strains tested but not in the E. coli K-12 chromosome. Sequence data show that there is an open reading frame specifying 368 amino acids residues including a putative signal peptide. RomA appears to belong to the outer membrane protein family since it was extractable from an outer membrane preparation, but no sequence homology to other outer membrane proteins was detected.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
[Evaluation of left ventricular mechanical energy efficiency and ventriculo-arterial coupling in humans using the conductance catheter technique].
To evaluate left ventricular mechanical energy efficiency and ventriculo-arterial coupling in humans, left ventricular pressure-volume relations were determined using the conductance catheter technique in 20 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. The results were as follows: 1. A convex, curvilinear relationship was observed between end-systolic pressure-volume relations (Emax) and left ventricular ejection fraction (EF), as shown in the equation of EF = 28.5 x log (Emax) + 39.6 (r = 0.67, p less than 0.01, n = 20); EF remained nearly constant in the range of Emax greater than or equal to 4 mmHg/ml/m2, whereas, EF decreased markedly under the Emax of 4 mmHg/ml/m2. 2. A convex, curvilinear relationship was observed between Emax and mechanical energy efficiency (EW/PVA), as shown in the equation of EW/PVA = 30.5 x log (Emax) + 54.8 (r = 0.83, p less than 0.01, n = 16). 3. A concave, curvilinear relationship was observed between Emax and ventriculo-arterial coupling (Ea/Emax), as shown in the equation of Ea/Emax = -0.8 x (Emax)0.5 + 2.6 (r = -0.85, p less than 0.01, n = 16). Accordingly, EW/PVA was markedly decreased with changes in Emax in the range less than 4 mmHg/ml/m2, although it remained slightly increased above 4 mmHg/ml/m2. Ea/Emax was maintained constant (p less than 0.5) in the range of Emax above 4 mmHg/ml/m2 but was abruptly decreased when Emax was reduced below 4 mmHg/ml/m2. These results indicate that depressed left ventricle attempts to work effectively at the risk of mechanical energy efficiency and with suitable matching by aortic property. Application of pressure-volume relationships provides a new framework for evaluation and treatment of the failing heart.
Adolescent↗
[Molecular cloning and expression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Aoyama B peptide antigen genes in Escherichia coli--a gene encoding 60 kD antigen (AT201) and immunological activity of recombinant peptides (15 and 60 kD)].
To obtain recombinant peptides related to PPDs, we constructed a genomic library from the DNA of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Aoyama B, a standard strain in Japan to manufacture PPDs, using plasmid vectors pUC18 series. Seven clones reacting the anti-PPDs-rabbit-serum on immunoblotting were obtained, and restriction map was analysed. A nucleotide sequence and a putative open reading frame (ORF) of pAT01, encoding 15kD peptide, as well as the mode of expression was reported previously). In this study, nucleotide sequence of 60 kD peptide gene was determined, and the comparative database analysis (GENBANK) revealed a striking level of homology to so called mycobacterial heat shock protein. The expression mode of pAT201 encoding 60 kD, as well as pAT01 encoding 15 kD peptide, indicated that these peptides were not hybrid proteins with the lacZ gene product, but they were consisted of peptides only mycobacterial source. Therefore, 15 kD and 60 kD directly were subjected to immunological studies. The peptides were extracted from E. coli, carrying pAT01 or pAT201, purified through series of DEAE chromatography and followed by Detoxi-Gel to remove LPS. 15 kD peptide behaved almost similar to PPDs both in the DTH skin reaction and the lymphocyte proliferation response on guinea pigs or rats in respect to sensitivity. However, 60 kD was unique in that, and it behaved like a general mitogen. We discussed role of 60 kD peptide, comparing with the common antigen, generally found in most species of bacteria as the heat shock protein.
Antigens, Bacterial↗
Massive deposition of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals in the knee. A case report.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
[The effects of pulsatile pumping on tissue perfusion and renal function during deep hypothermic low flow perfusion].
The effects of pulsatile pumping on tissue perfusion and renal function during deep hypothermic low flow perfusion were compared with non-pulsatile pumping. Twelve dogs were classified into 2 groups by the perfusion technique used. Animals were core cooled to 20 degrees C esophageal temperature with 80 ml/kg/min perfusion rate and maintained at the level for 2 hours with low flow perfusion (LFP) (30 ml/kg/min), then rewarmed to 35 degrees C with 80 ml/kg/min flow rate. As compared with the non-pulsatile group, pulsatile group demonstrated greater urine output during rewarming (p less than 0.05) and greater lymph flow during core cooling (p less than 0.05). The non-pulsatile group showed higher lymph/plasma protein concentration ratio (Lc/Pc) during LFP and rewarming (p less than 0.05), and greater plasma protein clearance during rewarming (p less than 0.05), and much higher increase of interstitial fluid pressure. The lesser water retention during bypass was also noted in the pulsatile group (28.6 +/- 27.6 ml/kg vs 85.4 +/- 52.1 ml/kg, p less than 0.05). These findings have suggested that the pulsatile perfusion may be useful for the infant cardiopulmonary bypass reducing tissue edema and preserving better renal function.
Animals↗
[A new experimental model of pulmonary hypertension in dog using an adjustable pulmonary artery band].
In order to study pathogenesis, reversibility, and treatment of pulmonary hypertension in congenital heart disease, a new experimental model to induce pulmonary vascular diseases has been designed. Previous models by other investigators were anastomosis between a systemic artery and pulmonary artery of one lung lobe, and these could not provide constant induction of pulmonary vascular diseases. Furthermore the postoperative mortalities in their experiences were quite high and acute iatrogenic pathological changes such as bleeding, edema and emphysema developed in the pulmonary vasculature and parenchyma of the anastomosed lobe. Use of our adjustable pulmonary artery band has eliminated such unwanted complications. The surgical procedure includes an end-to-side anastomosis of the left main pulmonary artery to the descending thoracic aorta, and banding of the anastomosed pulmonary artery using the adjustable band. The band was gradually loosened by extrathoracic manipulation during three to four weeks observation after operation. This technique provided dogs to survive sufficiently long enough and with a high success rate, and to produce extremely advanced pulmonary vascular diseases. Of the twenty dogs operated such, eighteen survived the first postsurgical week and thirteen dogs developed hypertensive pulmonary vascular diseases. Development of the medial hypertrophy was evident at one week and gradually advanced. In eight weeks, intimal cellular proliferation (Grade 2 of the Heath & Edwards' classification) became apparent. In twelve weeks, the intimal proliferation became fibrous and acellular (Grade 3) and caused complete obstruction of the lumen of some muscular arteries. In twenty weeks specimen, typical plexiform lesions (Grade 4) and dilatation lesions (Grade 5) involved the small muscular arteries in the whole left lung.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
[Anesthetic care of a patient intoxicated with thinner].
This is a report of a 28 year old male who underwent emergency laparotomy. He had a history of asthma and chronic abuse of thinner (toluene), and he stabbed himself after acute intoxication by the drug. Anesthesia was induced and maintained by halothane and oxygen. Vecuronium was used for muscle relaxation. Abnormal EKG was seen during perioperative period: A-V dissociation and incomplete RBBB. After emergence from anesthesia, so called "flash back" phenomenon was observed but this was controlled by diazepam. Since the chronic abuse of toluene causes organic changes in many vital organs, we must take special precautions when we anesthetize a patient with thinner intoxication: (1) toluene has a negative inotropic effect and also delays the S-A and A-V conduction rate, which may potentiate the cardiac effect of inhalation anesthetics; (2) toluene causes liver damages; and (3) the patient may experience "flash back" phenomenon.
Adult↗
Domain-wall dynamics in organic charge-transfer compounds with one-dimensional ferroelectricity.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Journal Article↗
Phenotypic characterization of alveolar capillary endothelial cells, alveolar epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages in patients with pulmonary fibrosis, with special reference to MHC class II antigens.
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens are essential in the presentation of antigens to T lymphocytes, and cells expressing MHC class II antigens are known to play a role as antigen presenting cells (APC). We investigated the distribution of MHC class II antigens and the reactivity of monoclonal antibodies OKM1 and OKM5 in normal and fibrotic lungs immunohistochemically. The results showed that alveolar capillary endothelial cells (ACEnd) expressed MHC class II antigens and were reactive with OKM5 in both normal lungs and the non-thickened parts of alveolar septa of pulmonary fibrosis. However, ACEnd did not express MHC class II antigens and were not reactive with OKM5 in thickened alveolar septa of pulmonary fibrosis. Type II alveolar epithelial cells (AEp) proliferating and replacing type I AEp in pulmonary fibrosis expressed MHC class II antigens strongly. Alveolar macrophages expressed MHC class II antigens strongly and reacted with OKM1 in pulmonary fibrosis, especially in alveolar spaces. These findings suggest that the phenotypic changes of ACEnd may be involved in the process of pulmonary fibrosis, and type II AEp and alveolar macrophages in the parts of thickened alveolar septa may play a role as APC.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Identification of species and capsular types of Klebsiella clinical isolates, with special reference to Klebsiella planticola.
In the 77 reference strains for Klebsiella K types, there are 17 strains (22.1%) of Klebsiella planticola, 6 strains (7.8%) of Klebsiella oxytoca, 1 strain (1.3%) of Klebsiella terrigena, and 53 strains (68.8%) of Klebsiella pneumoniae. The species K. planticola, which was originally isolated from botanical and aquatic environments and hence thus named, was also identified at high incidence (81 strains, 18.5%) among the 439 recent clinical isolates of Klebsiella species. Among these K. planticola strains of hospital origin, 52 (64%) were isolated from sputum, 17 (21%) from urine, and the remaining 12 (15%) from other sources. The capsular types of these isolates were determined by the gel precipitation reaction. Seventy of 81 K. planticola isolates (86.4%) were typable by antisera to Klebsiella reference strains for K types and the K types of the clinical isolates distributed to 35 kinds of K types. The proportion of typable strains among clinical isolates of K. planticola was very similar to those in K. pneumoniae (87.5%) and K. oxytoca (86.0%).
Antigens, Bacterial↗
Peliosis hepatis. An unusual case involving the spleen and lymph nodes.
A case of peliosis hepatis in a 52-year-old woman with unusual involvement of the spleen and lymph nodes is described. The initial sign was intraperitoneal hemorrhage from the splenic lesion, recessitating splenectomy. The hepatic lesion, which was first noticed during the operation, rapidly progressed and eventually resulted in hepatic rupture with fatal intraperitoneal hemorrhage. Serial sections treated by silver impregnation revealed degeneration and dissolution of the fine reticulin framework in the involved organs, suggesting the possible morphogenesis of the peliotic lesion. The patient had no history of any underlying disorders or of medication with steroids.
Female↗
Chromosomal beta-lactamase of Klebsiella oxytoca, a new class A enzyme that hydrolyzes broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics.
The chromosomally encoded beta-lactamase gene of Klebsiella oxytoca E23004, a strain resistant to cefoperazone and aztreonam, was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli HB101. The molecular mass and pI of this enzyme were 28 kilodaltons and 7.4, respectively. Although the beta-lactamase of K. oxytoca hydrolyzed many cephalosporins, including broad-spectrum drugs, the nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence lacked homology with chromosomal class C beta-lactamase genes (ampC) of E. coli or Citrobacter freundii. Rather, about 45% nucleotide sequence homology and 40% deduced amino acid sequence homology were observed between the K. oxytoca beta-lactamase and TEM-1, a class A beta-lactamase which does not efficiently hydrolyze cephalosporins. Values of Km, relative Vmax, and relative Vmax/Km for the K. oxytoca beta-lactamase indicated that the enzyme is a penicillinase but that it can hydrolyze cefoperazone effectively and other broad-spectrum cephems weakly. Hence, the chromosomal beta-lactamase of K. oxytoca E23004 belongs to class A but differences in its amino acid sequence provide a broader spectrum of activity.
Ampicillin↗
Partial deletion of the cloned rfb gene of Escherichia coli O9 results in synthesis of a new O-antigenic lipopolysaccharide.
The rfb gene, involved in the synthesis of the O-specific polysaccharide (a mannose homopolymer) of Escherichia coli O9 lipopolysaccharide (LPS), was cloned in E. coli K-12 strains. The O9-specific polysaccharide covalently linked to the R core of K-12 was extracted from the K-12 strains harboring the O9 rfb gene. All the other genes required for the synthesis of rfe-dependent LPS are therefore considered to be present in the K-12 strains. It was found that bacteria harboring some clones with deletions of the ca. 20-kilobase-pair (kbp) BglII-StuI fragment no longer synthesized the O9-specific polysaccharide. However, bacteria harboring clones del 21, del 22, and del 25, which carry deletions of the 10-kbp PstI-StuI fragment, synthesized an O-specific polysaccharide antigenically distinct from E. coli O9 LPS. Although this new O-specific polysaccharide consisted solely of mannose and the mannose residues were combined only through alpha-1,2 linkage, it was still composed of a repeating oligosaccharide unit, possibly a trisaccharide unit,----2)alpha Man-(1----2)alpha Man-(1----2)alpha Man-(1----. It is therefore likely that this new O-specific polysaccharide was derived from a part of the O9-specific polysaccharide----3)alpha Man-(1----3)alpha Man-(1----2)alpha Man-(1----2)alpha Man-(1----2)alpha Man-(1----and that the deleted part of the clones was responsible for the synthesis of alpha-1,3 linkages of the O9-specific polysaccharide.
Antigens, Bacterial↗
Construction of less neurovirulent polioviruses by introducing deletions into the 5' noncoding sequence of the genome.
Viral attenuation may be due to lowered efficiency of certain steps essential for viral multiplication. For the construction of less neurovirulent strains of poliovirus in vitro, we introduced deletions into the 5' noncoding sequence (742 nucleotides long) of the genomes of the Mahoney and Sabin 1 strains of poliovirus type 1 by using infectious cDNA clones of the virus strains. Plaque sizes shown by deletion mutants were used as a marker for rate of viral proliferation. Deletion mutants of both the strains thus constructed lacked a genome region of nucleotide positions 564 to 726. The sizes of plaques displayed by these deletion mutants were smaller than those by the respective parental viruses, although a phenotype referring to reproductive capacity at different temperatures (rct) of viruses was not affected by introduction of the deletion. Monkey neurovirulence tests were performed on the deletion mutants. The results clearly indicated that the deletion mutants had much less neurovirulence than with the corresponding parent viruses. Production of infectious particles and virus-specific protein synthesis in cells infected with the deletion mutants started later than in those infected with the parental viruses. The rate at which cytopathic effect progressed was also slower in cells infected with the mutants. Phenotypic stability of the deletion mutant for small-plaque phenotype and temperature sensitivity was investigated after passaging the mutant at an elevated temperature of 37.5 degrees C. Our data strongly suggested that the less neurovirulent phenotype introduced by the deletion is very stable during passaging of the virus.
Animals↗