Regional cerebral blood flow and vascular reserve in neuronal migration disorder assessed by Tc-99m hexamethylpropylene amineoxime SPECT with acetazolamide challenge.
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Acetazolamide↗
Biomedical subjects
T Kojima
Publications and source records attributed to T Kojima.
Chronic hydrocephalus presenting with bilateral ptosis after minor head injury: case report.
OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: Some patients with hydrocephalus may exhibit various signs of oculomotor dysfunction. However, ptosis has not previously been described in chronic hydrocephalus patients. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: We report a 50-year-old woman who was diagnosed with chronic hydrocephalus based on an evaluation for bilateral ptosis after a minor head injury. She exhibited bilateral ptosis and upward gaze paralysis, but other oculomotor functions were normal. Neuroimages revealed chronic hydrocephalus with no traumatic abnormalities. INTERVENTION: The eyelid dysfunction resolved after placement of a right ventriculoperitoneal shunt with a programmable pressure valve. CONCLUSION: The resolution of eyelid dysfunction by cerebrospinal fluid diversion suggests that chronic hydrocephalus was involved in the development of ptosis after the minor head injury. A mild but sudden cerebrospinal fluid pressure change at the time of minor head injury might induce functional impairment at the level of vulnerable periaqueductal structures, which barely withstood the longstanding ventriculomegaly, resulting in the clinical features observed in our patient.
Blepharoptosis↗
Three-dimensional optical coherence tomography of vitreomacular traction syndrome before and after vitrectomy.
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Aged↗
Selective enrichment with a resuscitation step for isolation of freeze-injured Escherichia coli O157:H7 from foods.
We studied injury of Escherichia coli O157:H7 cells in 11 food items during freeze storage and methods of isolating freeze-injured E. coli O157:H7 cells from foods. Food samples inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 were stored for 16 weeks at -20 degrees C in a freezer. Noninjured and injured cells were counted by using tryptic soy agar and sorbitol MacConkey agar supplemented with cefixime and potassium tellurite. Large populations of E. coli O157:H7 cells were injured in salted cabbage, grated radish, seaweed, and tomato samples. In an experiment to detect E. coli O157:H7 in food samples artificially contaminated with freeze-injured E. coli O157:H7 cells, the organism was recovered most efficiently after the samples were incubated in modified E. coli broth without bile salts at 25 degrees C for 2 h and then selectively enriched at 42 degrees C for 18 h by adding bile salts and novobiocin. Our enrichment method was further evaluated by isolating E. coli O157:H7 from frozen foods inoculated with the organism prior to freezing. Two hours of resuscitation at 25 degrees C in nonselective broth improved recovery of E. coli O157:H7 from frozen grated radishes and strawberries, demonstrating that the resuscitation step is very effective for isolating E. coli O157:H7 from frozen foods contaminated with injured E. coli O157:H7 cells.
Colony Count, Microbial↗
Molecular cloning and characterization of a mouse homolog of human TNFSF14, a member of the TNF superfamily.
A member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily, human TNFSF14 (hTNFSF14)/HVEM-L (herpes virus entry mediator ligand) was isolated as a cellular ligand for HVEM/TR2 and human lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTbetaR). TNFSF14 induces apoptosis and suppresses tumor formation. We have isolated a cDNA clone for a mouse homologue of hTNFSF14 by signal sequence trap (SST) screening which we recently developed. The deduced amino acid sequence of the mouse TNFSF14 (mTNFSF14) cDNA comprised 239 amino acid residues and was 77% identical to the hTNFSF14 protein. In Northern blot analysis, 2.1 kb and 4.2kb mTNFSF14 transcripts were detected in spleen and lung, and in heart, respectively. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis localized the mTNFSF14 gene Tnfsf14 to chromosome 17 which is tightly linked with Tnf, Lta, and Ltb.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Novel rosette formation of murine spleen cells with autologous red blood cells.
Spleen cells of normal BALB/c mice formed rosettes with autologous red blood cells, and the formation was calcium ion dependent. Peritoneal exudate cells, bone marrow cells and thymocytes did not form such rosettes. Spleen cells were passed over a Sephadex G-10 column or incubated on a plastic surface in order to eliminate adherent cells from them. Cells obtained by both these methods were unable to form rosettes. B cell-, T cell- and natural killer cell-enriched fractions in spleen cells were unable to form rosettes either. Some of the mouse IgG subclasses suppressed rosette formation when added to its site. These are monoclonal antibodies whose specificities are directed against Aspergillus niger glucose oxidase. Moreover, Aspergillus niger glucose oxidase suppressed the rosette formation when spleen cells had been treated with it as well as when it had been added to the site of rosette formation. These findings suggest that some murine spleen cells have receptors to a structure on autologous red blood cells, which is recognized by an anti-Aspergillus niger glucose oxidase monoclonal antibody.
Animals↗
Complete antithrombin deficiency in mice results in embryonic lethality.
Antithrombin is a plasma protease inhibitor that inhibits thrombin and contributes to the maintenance of blood fluidity. Using targeted gene disruption, we investigated the role of antithrombin in embryogenesis. Mating mice heterozygous for antithrombin gene (ATIII) disruption, ATIII(+/-), yielded the expected Mendelian distribution of genotypes until 14.5 gestational days (gd). However, approximately 70% of the ATIII(-/-) embryos at 15.5 gd and 100% at 16.5 gd had died and showed extensive subcutaneous hemorrhage. Histological examination of those embryos revealed extensive fibrin(ogen) deposition in the myocardium and liver, but not in the brain or lung. Furthermore, no apparent fibrin(ogen) deposition was detected in the extensive hemorrhagic region, suggesting that fibrinogen might be decreased due to consumptive coagulopathy and/or liver dysfunction. These findings suggest that antithrombin is essential for embryonic survival and that it plays an important role in regulation of blood coagulation in the myocardium and liver.
Animals↗
Human gingival crevicular fluid contains MRP8 (S100A8) and MRP14 (S100A9), two calcium-binding proteins of the S100 family.
Human gingival crevicular fluid contains unidentified proteins which might play a role as markers in periodontal diseases. Therefore, low-molecular-weight proteins found in human gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), but absent from serum, were identified in the present study by means of two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-D PAGE) analysis. GCF, serum, and whole saliva were collected from periodontitis and healthy subjects, as well as from edentulous and newborn subjects. Protein samples were separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, stained with silver, and compared with reference protein maps in the SWISS-2D PAGE database. In GCF and saliva from periodontitis patients and healthy subjects, four dominant low-molecular-mass (from 8 to 14 kDa) acidic spots were observed. They were not found in serum and were less visible in saliva from edentulous and newborn subjects. From N-terminal amino acid sequencing, the two 2-D protein spots of 8 kDa and isoelectric points between 6.5 and 7.0 were both identified as protein MRP8 (SI00A8), a member of the S100 family of calcium-binding proteins. Using peptide mass fingerprinting and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), we identified the other two protein spots, with mass of 14 kDa and isoelectric points between 5.5 and 6.0, as protein MRP14 (S100A9), also belonging to the S100 family. The presence of MRP8 and MRP14 in GCF was confirmed by Western blot, with monoclonal antibodies. The two polypeptides, MRP8 and MRP14, identified in GCF represent the major difference between the 2-D PAGE patterns of serum and GCF, and we hypothesize that they may play an important role in the gingival sulcus and could represent possible markers for periodontal diseases.
Adult↗
Requirements of Lim1, a Drosophila LIM-homeobox gene, for normal leg and antennal development.
During Drosophila leg development, the distal-most compartment (pretarsus) and its immediate neighbour (tarsal segment 5) are specified by a pretarsus-specific homeobox gene, aristaless, and tarsal-segment-specific Bar homeobox genes, respectively; the pretarsus/tarsal-segment boundary is formed by antagonistic interactions between Bar and pretarsus-specific genes that include aristaless (Kojima, T., Sato, M. and Saigo, K. (2000) Development 127, 769-778). Here, we show that Drosophila Lim1, a homologue of vertebrate Lim1 encoding a LIM-homeodomain protein, is involved in pretarsus specification and boundary formation through its activation of aristaless. Ectopic expression of Lim1 caused aristaless misexpression, while aristaless expression was significantly reduced in Lim1-null mutant clones. Pretarsus Lim1 expression was negatively regulated by Bar and abolished in leg discs lacking aristaless activity, which was associated with strong Bar misexpression in the presumptive pretarsus. No Lim1 misexpression occurred upon aristaless misexpression. The concerted function of Lim1 and aristaless was required to maintain Fasciclin 2 expression in border cells and form a smooth pretarsus/tarsal-segment boundary. Lim1 was also required for femur, coxa and antennal development.
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing↗
Formation and specification of distal leg segments in Drosophila by dual Bar homeobox genes, BarH1 and BarH2.
Here, we show that BarH1 and BarH2, a pair of Bar homeobox genes, play essential roles in the formation and specification of the distal leg segments of Drosophila. In early third instar, juxtaposition of Bar-positive and Bar-negative tissues causes central folding that may separate future tarsal segments 2 from 3, while juxtaposition of tissues differentially expressing Bar homeobox genes at later stages gives rise to segmental boundaries of distal tarsi including the tarsus/pretarsus boundary. Tarsus/pretarsus boundary formation requires at least two different Bar functions, early antagonistic interactions with a pretarsus-specific homeobox gene, aristaless, and the subsequent induction of Fas II expression in pretarsus cells abutting tarsal segment 5. Bar homeobox genes are also required for specification of distal tarsi. Bar expression requires Distal-less but not dachshund, while early circular dachshund expression is delimited interiorly by BarH1 and BarH2.
Animals↗
Mulberry leaf extract inhibits the oxidative modification of rabbit and human low density lipoprotein.
In a previous study, we demonstrated that the intake of mulberry leaves or their 1-butanol extract (MLBE) reduced the concentration of serum lipids and atheromatous thickening of arterial intima in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. In the present study, we investigated the antioxidative activity of MLBE and isoquercitrin, the main component of MLBE. First, we determined the effect on a stable radical agent, finding that quercetin, isoquercitrin and MLBE scavenged the DPPH radical. We then determined the copper-induced oxidative modification of rabbit and human low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Oxidation of LDL was spectrophotometrically monitored by changes in absorbance at 234 nm accompanied by the formation of conjugated dienes, and measured the formation of thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS). Quercetin, an aglycone of isoquercitrin, inhibited the formation of conjugated dienes and TBARS by copper-induced oxidative modification of rabbit and human LDLs. MLBE and isoquercitrin also inhibited the oxidation of LDL. These results indicate that mulberry leaves inhibit the oxidative modification of LDL and suggest that mulberry leaves may had prevent atherosclerosis.
Animals↗
Antiallergic effect of apple polyphenols on the allergic model mouse.
We studied here the antiallergic effect of apple condensed tannins (ACT) administered orally to a type I allergy model mouse transplanted with an IgEL a2 hybridoma secreting anti-2,4,6-trinitrophenyl (TNP) immunoglobulin E (IgE). The oral administration of ACT significantly inhibited the ear swelling responses at 1 h after antigen-stimulation with picryl chloride. The response was dose dependent within 0.1 to 10 mg/mouse. The inhibition of the ear swelling response reached the maximal level (90% inhibition) when ACT was administered 2 h before the antigen challenge. These findings suggest that ACT has an antiallergic effect on type I allergic symptoms.
Animals↗
Electrophysiological effect of adenosine triphosphate and adenosine on atrial and ventricular action potential duration in humans.
Bolus injection of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or adenosine is widely used clinically for terminating supraventricular tachycardia. However, bolus injection of these drugs has been reported to provoke atrial fibrillation (Afib). The effects of ATP and adenosine on the monophasic action potential duration (MAPD) of atrial and ventricular muscle was investigated, as well as the changes in the spatial distribution of atrial functional refractoriness caused by adenosine. Bolus injection of ATP and adenosine shortened atrial MAPD; no change was observed in the ventricle. Because local f-f intervals during atrial fibrillation correlate with the atrial refractory period, changes in mean f-f intervals in the right atrial appendage, His bundle region, coronary sinus ostium and distal coronary sinus were compared before and after injection of adenosine during induced Afib. Maximal shortening of f-f intervals was observed in the right atrial appendage. Inhomogeneous shortening of atrial refractoriness may account for the Afib following bolus injection of ATP or adenosine.
Action Potentials↗
Radiofrequency catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia from the anterobasal left ventricle.
Ventricular tachycardia (VT) in coronary artery disease arises mostly from endocardial sites. However, little is known about the site of origin in other diseases. We report two patients who had VT originating from an anterior aspect of the left ventricle just below the mitral annulus, adjacent to the left ventricular outflow tract. The QRS configuration of VT showed an inferior axis and monophasic R waves in all the precordial leads. Radiofrequency current delivered to this site from the endocardial site successfully ablated the tachycardia in both.
Adult↗
Posterior fossa arteriovenous malformation associated with persistent primitive trigeminal artery--case report.
A 21-year-old female presented with an unusual case of posterior fossa arteriovenous malformation (AVM) associated with ipsilateral persistent primitive trigeminal artery (PPTA), manifesting as intraparenchymal hemorrhage involving both the brain stem and the left cerebellar hemisphere. The presenting symptoms were compatible with Wallenberg's syndrome and Foville's syndrome on the left side. She was initially treated conservatively, and subsequently with transarterial embolization followed by stereotactic radiosurgery. This case combined the rare association of posterior fossa AVM and PPTA, with the clinical presentation of intraparenchymal hemorrhage causing both Wallenberg's syndrome and Foville's syndrome.
Adult↗
Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea associated with untreated prolactinoma--case report.
An 80-year-old female presented with non-traumatic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea due to untreated prolactinoma, with simultaneous development of bilateral leg pains and gait disturbance due to lumbar canal stenosis. Neuroimaging showed an intrasellar mass extending into the sphenoid sinus, right cavernous sinus, and suprasellar cistern. Computed tomography cisternography clearly showed the CSF pathway through the tumor. Subtotal removal of the tumor and reconstruction of the sellar floor via a transsphenoidal approach resulted in resolution of the CSF rhinorrhea. Both the invasive features and/or spontaneous shrinkage of the tumor might have created the abnormal CSF pathway. The clinical manifestation of lumbar canal stenosis might be triggered by such profound CSF leakage.
Aged↗
Preoperative embolization of upper cervical cord hemangioblastoma concomitant with venous congestion--case report.
A 16-year-old male presented with a large, solid hemangioblastoma located in the upper cervical cord manifesting as hyperactive reflexes, subtle weakness, and diminished position sense in all extremities. Neuroimaging studies indicated venous congestion due to arteriovenous shunt through the tumor. Preoperative embolization was accomplished without morbidity, and resulted in marked devascularization of the tumor and elimination of an early filling vein. Four days after embolization, the tumor was totally excised without excessive intraoperative bleeding. His neurological deficits gradually improved after surgery. Preoperative embolization is a valuable adjunct to surgical excision of large intramedullary hemangioblastomas, especially those associated with arteriovenous shunt, as cord dysfunction related to venous congestion and the risk of torrential intraoperative bleeding are reduced.
Adolescent↗
Amantadine-induced multiple spike waves on an electroencephalogram of a schizophrenic patient.
Although amantadine is relatively free of side effects compared with levodopa, the incidence and severity of unwanted effects, such as hallucinations, insomnia and dizziness, markedly increase when the daily dose exceeds 200 mg. A 63-year-old schizophrenic female developed the Pisa syndrome following neuroleptic medication. She was started on a regimen of amantadine, 200 mg per day, on September 4, and the electroencephalogram (EEG) on September 11 was within normal limits. The dosage was increased to 300 mg on September 18 because there was no improvement and no side effects. Two days later a generalised convulsion occurred and an EEG revealed frequent multiple spikes or sharp waves with slow waves. No epileptic seizure has been observed since the amantadine was discontinued. The EEG on September 27 was again within normal limits. To our knowledge, the EEG of a patient with convulsion induced by amantadine has not been described previously. The epileptic mechanisms of amantadine have not been elucidated; however, it may be related to a modulating role of dopamine in the central nervous system.
Amantadine↗