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Biomedical subjects

T Kojima

Publications and source records attributed to T Kojima.

At least 919 records · Page 51Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Dandy-Walker cyst associated with occipital meningocele.

Two cases of Dandy-Walker cyst associated with occipital meningocele are presented. Only 9 cases with such association have been described in the literature. In our patients computed tomography clearly demonstrated direct communication of a posterior fossa cyst with an occipital meningocele at one end and with the fourth ventricle at the other. Occipital meningocele might simply be an expression of increased intracystic pressure in Dandy-Walker cyst in embryonic life, or such association might suggest its morphogenetic situation during embryogenesis.

Brain↗
PubMed1982

Glossopharyngeal neuralgia of traumatic origin.

Glossopharyngeal neuralgia of traumatic origin is very rare. Two interesting cases are presented, one with a skull fracture involving the jugular foramen and the other associated with an operation for an acoustic tumor. Carbamazepine gave good results and both patients improved within 24 hours. The glossopharyngeal and vagal nerves might have been injured in the region of the root entry zone giving rise to the neuralgia. Pertinent literature is briefly discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Differential effector functions of central and peripheral compartments of immune response system: characterization of immune responses in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes to directly injected sheep red blood cells.

When sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.), intravenously (i.v.), or into the Peyer's patches, definite plaque-forming cell (PFC) and rosette-forming cell (RFC) responses were induced in the spleen but not in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). When SRBC were injected directly into the spleen or MLN, stronger PFC and RFC responses were induced in the spleen or MLN, respectively, than when injected i.p. or i.v. PFC response induced in MLN by injecting SRBC into MLN with or without the polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae type 1 Kasuya strain (CPS-K) as an immunological adjuvant was weaker than that induced in the spleen by injecting the antigen into the spleen. Direct PFC (PFC of IgM type) and RFC responses induced in the spleen by injecting SRBC into MLN were rather stronger than those induced in the spleen by injecting the antigen into the spleen. In contrast, no significant responses were induced in MLN by injecting SRBC into the spleen, and no definite indirect PFC (PFC of IgG type) response was induced in the spleen by injecting the antigen into MLN. The levels of whole immunological memory as well as isolated B- or T-cell memory in the spleen and MLN of mice injected with SRBC directly into the spleen or MLN were determined by using an in vitro assay system. Definite amounts of either B- or T-cell memory were detected in the spleen of mice injected with SRBC directly into the spleen of MLN. Smaller amounts of memory were detected in MLN injected with SRBC directly into the spleen. Moreover, the amounts of whole memory detected in MLN were much less than compared with those of isolated T- and B-cell memories in MLN. Further experiments showed that in vitro expression of the memories preserved in MLN required supplement of glass non-adherent cells from normal spleen. Based on these results, we discussed the possible differential and collaborative functions of the central (spleen) and peripheral (MLN) immune response systems in antibody responses.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

High-performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of cefmetazole in human serum.

A fast, specific, sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of cefmetazole in human serum was developed. The serum samples were deproteinized by adding 5% trichloroacetic acid in methanol containing barbital as an internal standard and were injected onto a reverse-phase column (mu-Bondapak C18) with a mobile phase of 10 to 15% acetonitrile in 0.005 M citrate buffer (pH 5.4). Eluted components were detected by UV absorption at 254 nm. Cefmetazole and the internal standard were separated from interfering serum components by this method. The peak height ratio of cefmetazole to the internal standard was proportional to the cefmetazole concentration in the range from 0.4 to 100 micrograms/ml. Serum samples obtained from three patients after a single intravenous injection of cefmetazole were assayed by this method and by a microbiological method. There was a good correlation between two assay methods (correlation, coefficient, 0.98). The stability of cefmetazole in human serum was (correlation coefficient, 0.98). The stability of cefmetazole in human serum was also determined by this method. Cefmetazole was stable in human serum for 2 weeks at 4 degrees C or for at least 8 weeks if it was kept frozen. As the high-performance liquid chromatography method is simple, specific, accurate, and reproducible, it appears to be more suitable for routine assay of cephalosporins than other assay methods.

Biological Assay↗
PubMed1982

Lipid-lowering effects of N-[4-methylbenzylthiocarbonyl]-L-phenylalanine (KF1492), a new phenylalanine derivative.

Lipid-lowering effects of KF1492, N-[4-methylbenzylthiocarbonyl]-L-phenylalanine, were evaluated in comparison with clofibrate. This compound lowered serum cholesterol (s-CL) and triglyceride(s-TG) in cholesterol-fed, Triton-injected and glycerol-fed rats as well as in normal rats. The dose of KF1492 required to show these effects was almost equal to that of clofibrate. In addition, KF1492 produced significant reductions of s-CL and s-TG in thiouracil-fed rats and decreasing phase of Triton-induced hyperlipemia of rats. In these models, clofibrate produced no significant reductions. Clofibrate produced a marked increase of liver size and shortened the pentobarbital-induced sleeping time in rats. On the contrary, the increase of liver size by KF1492 was less marked than clofibrate, and KF1492 caused no change in the sleeping time. Thus, it is apparent that KF1492 is a new lipid-lowering compound with less hepatic effect than clofibrate and that the lipid-lowering profile of KF1492 differs from that of clofibrate in some points.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Penetration of cefotiam dihydrochloride into cerebrospinal fluid (author's transl)].

It is well recognized that only very low concentration of antibiotics is obtained from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) despite its high blood concentration. It has been attributed to the blood-brain and blood-CSF barriers. Penetration of CTM into CSF was studied in 7 patients. Two of them were complicated with septic meningitis, and others were not infected. CTM was administered intravenously and samples were obtained from both serum and CSF from 15 minutes to 4 hours for determination of concentration of the antibiotics. In 2 patients with meningitis, the peak level of CTM in CSF after intravenous injection of 2 g and 1 g of CTM was 197 mcg/ml (46% of peak serum concentration), and 17.3 mcg/ml (38% of peak serum level), respectively. In noninfected patients the peak level of CTM in CSF after intravenous injection of 1g of CTM was from 0.3 mcg/ml to 1.9 mcg/ml (0.84% approximately 3.64% of peak serum concentration). We conclude that the percent penetration of CTM into CSF increases in the presence of the inflamed meninges and that prophylactic dosage of CTM for postoperative meningitis will be intravenous administration of 2 g of CTM in adults.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[An autopsy case of Parkinson's disease associated clinically with dementia terminating in akinetic mutism and pathologically with multiple Lewy's Bodies in the cerebral cortex].

An autopsy case of a 50 year-old male with Parkinson's disease associated with multiple Lewy bodies in the cerebral cortex was reported. His clinical symptoms began at the age of 26 with the speech and actions indicative of a persecution complex accompanied by irritability and were followed by progressive dementia from the age of 37 and Parkinsonism since the age of 41. He was in a state of akinetic mutism thereafter till his death at the age of 50. Autopsy disclosed in addition to the typical findings of Parkinson's disease in the brain stem multiple intracytoplasmic Lewy bodies in medium-sized neurons of the fifth and sixth layers of the cerebral cortex. They were atypical in the sense that they did not have any haloes. They were especially numerous in the cingulate gyrus. In addition, findings of non-specific neuronal degeneration were obtained in the cerebral cortex such as cellular atrophy with massive deposition of lipofuscin pigments, central chromatolysis, cell loss and cellular gliosis in the third, fifth and sixth layers. These neuronal findings were also prominent in the cingulate gyrus. Such senile changes as senile plaques or granulo-vacuolar degeneration were not found, although there were a few foci of neurofibrillary degeneration in the hippocampal gyrus. Histochemically and electron microscopically, no difference was observed in the constituents of Lewy bodies between the brain stem and the cerebral cortex. Such autopsy findings and a review of the literature indicate that the dementia in this case may be related not only to the presence of Lewy bodies but also to the above-described, non-specific neuronal degeneration in the bilateral cingulate gyri and surrounding frontal gyri. The standpoint of regarding a Parkinson's disease with multiple Lewy bodies in the cerebral cortex as an independent disease entity was criticized.

Akinetic Mutism↗
PubMed1982

[Evaluation of clinical efficacy of a cephem antibiotic, cefmetazole, in inflammatory infections of the upper respiratory tract].

We had reported the fundamental study on the utility of a new cephem antibiotic, cefmetazole (CMZ). On the basis of the results we administered CMZ to patients to investigate its clinical utility in this study. 1. CMZ was administered to 53 patients including 4 infants. They consisted of 30 cases of acute tonsillitis, 10 of peritonsillar abscess, 10 of laryngitis or pharyngitis, and 3 of sinusitis. 2. One of 2 g CMZ was administered to an adult patient except for l case and 0.5 g to an infant patient once or twice daily for at least 3 days. The method of administration was one shot intravenous injection, intravenous drip infusion or intramuscular injection. 3. The strict criteria for evaluating the efficacy of a drug were made and used for judging the efficacy of CMZ. 4. CMZ was clinically effective in 100% of patients with acute tonsillitis, 100% of those with peritonsillar abscess, 90% of those with laryngitis or pharyngitis, and 67% of those with sinusitis. 5. Bacteriologically, a single sort of bacterium was isolated in most cases of acute tonsillitis, laryngitis and pharyngitis and in the half of cases of peritonsillar abscess. Two and more sorts of bacteria were isolated in the other cases. The main bacteria isolated were beta-Streptococcus, S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae. Anaerobic bacteria, mostly Peptococcus spp. and Peptostreptococcus spp., were detected in peritonsillar abscess. 6. The clinical results agreed with the clinicobacteriological results. All the bacteria detected before treatment of CMZ disappeared. CMZ also acted effectively in cases in which H. influenzae was suspected to be a causative organism. 7. The present results of CMZ treatment were similar to those of cefazolin (CEZ) treatment published so far. 8. Thus, CMZ was confirmed fundamentally and clinically to be a very useful drug for infection of the upper respiratory tract.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Hemolytic activity of Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola cultured in protein-free medium.

Hemolytic activity of the culture supernatant of Leptospira interrogans serovar canicola strain Moulton grown in protein-free medium was demonstrated. The activity began to appear in the late logarithmic phase of growth of the organism and reached a plateau after 2 weeks of cultivation. It was inactivated by the addition of dipotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, but was effectively restored by Mg2+. Hemolysis by the culture supernatant was stimulated by "hot-cold" incubation. Sleep erythrocytes treated with the culture supernatant of the organism were transformed into spherocytes, in which invagination was observed. A hemolysis inhibitor in rabbit serum was found to be in the chloroform-methanol soluble fraction of the serum. The hemolysin of Leptospira may be phospholipase C.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

A technique of silver impregnation for nervous tissues in frozen sections of the human central nervous system with potassium ferricyanide.

A simple and yet reliable technique of silver impregnation for demonstrating nerve fibers in frozen sections of the human central nervous system is described. The following procedure is recommended. Frozen sections 10-25 micrometers thick, 5% aqueous solution of potassium ferricyanide for 2 h (37 degrees C), 10% aqueous solution of silver nitrate for about one h (37 degrees C) or until sections obtain a light brown tint, ammoniacal silver solution, reduction in 20% formalin, gold toning dehydrating and mounting. By this procedure, fine fibers display a color range from purple to dark purple on an almost colorless background. Gold treatment may be omitted. The technique described here is compared and discussed with an earlier technique using potassium ferrocyanide (Ogawa 1979).

Cerebral Cortex↗